Earticle

연구목적: 최근 국내 규모 5.0이상의 지진으로 인한 피해 발생이 증가하고 있다. 지진이 발생하면 구조 물 이외에도 내부설비, 전력기기 등에 피해를 주게 된다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지진으로 인한 배전반과 같은 전기기기의 피해를 저감시킬 수 있는 이중 슬립마찰면이 있는 면진장치를 개발하였으며, 이에 대 한 면진성능을 평가하였다. 연구방법: 면진성능을 평가하기 위해 진동대 시험을 수행하였으며, 면진장 치 유무에 따른 성능비교를 수행하였다. 다양한 주파수와 가속도 수준에 대한 응답가속도 및 변위를 비 교하여 면진장치의 감쇠효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과: 시험결과, 면진장치가 설치되어 있는 경우가 면진장치가 설치되어 있지 않은 경우보다 가속도 증폭이 최대 42% 작았다. 이는 면진장치의 이중슬립마찰면 사이에서 발생한 변위가 지진에 너지를 소산하는 역할을 하여 증폭에너지가 감소된 것으로 판단된다. 결론: 이중 슬립마찰면을 적용한 면진장치는 약진보다는 강진에서 지 진감쇠효과가 더 컸으며, 주파수가 클수록 지진감쇠효과가 더 좋았다. 따라서, 배전반과 같은 전기기기에 적용하여 지진에너지를 감쇠하는 작용을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: The damage from earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater Korea has increased in South Korea. When a earthquake occurs, internal facilities and electric equipment besides urban structures will be damaged. Thus, in this paper, an earthquake-induced seismic isolation device with double slip fiction surfaces which can reduce the damage of electric power equipment such as distribution panel and then the seismic performance was evaluated. Method: To evaluate the seismic performance shaking table test was performed, a seismic performance comparison was performed according to the presence or absence of a seismic isolation device. The attenuation effect of the seismic isolation device are analyzed by comparing response acceleration and displacement for different frequencies and acceleration levels. Result: As a result of the test, the acceleration amplification was up to 42% less than when the seismic isolation device was installed in comparison to the other case without the seismic device. This is believed that the amplification energy has reduced because the displacement between the double slip friction surfaces of the seismic device play a role in dissipating the seismic energy. Conclusion: The seismic device with double slip friction surfaces has a greater earthquake attenuation effect in strong earthquakes than in weak ones, so the greater the frequency, the better the earthquake attenuation effect. Therefore, it is judged that earthquake energy can be decreased by applying to electric equipment such as distribution panels.

연구목적: 내부뇌보호시스템이 미적용 된 단독주택 및 단지주택 내부의 전자기기ㆍ가전 기기를 서지(Surge)로부터 보호 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 연구방법: 통합접지 환경인 공통주택의 서지보호장치 적용과 한국전기설비규정(KEC), 전기설비검사기준(KESC), KECG-9102 규정을 바탕으로 단독주택의 서지 보호 판넬 구성 방안을 연구한다. 연구결과 및 결론: 검증된 집합주택의 서지보호장치 적용을 바탕으로, 법규의 사각지대인 단독주택에도 시험성적서로 검증된 서지보호장치를 설치하고자 한다. 단독주택 접지 환경인 TN-C-S계통의 설치 조건을 적용하여 뇌서지 피해 감소 및 재해 예방 실효성을 가질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: We intend to come up with a plan to protect electronic devices and home appliances inside detached houses and complex houses to which the internal LEMP protection system is not applied from overvoltage. Method: Based on the application of Surge Protective Devices(SPD) in common houses in an integrated ground environment and related laws and regulations such as Korea Electro- Technical Code(KEC), Korea Electrical Safety Code(KESC), and KECG-9102, we Study the composition of surge protection panels for detached houses. Result and Conclusion: Based on the application of the Surge Protection Device(SPD) of a verified apartment house, we intend to install a Surge Protection Device(SPD) verified with a test report in a detached house, which is a blind spot of the law. It is judged that it can be effective in reducing LEMP surge damage and preventing disasters by applying the installation conditions of the TN-C-S system, which is a ground environment for detached houses.

In this paper describes a system that can monitor the energy usage of multiple loads through wireless communication in a low voltage distribution panel. These are basic data that can increase the efficiency of energy use of buildings and factories. However, the method using wired communication is expensive to construct and maintain. Instead of such wired communication, wireless communication is easy to install and expand can be an alternative. In this system, a measuring system is installed at each lower part of the distribution panel to measure the energy and a monitoring system capable of collecting and transmitting the measured values by wireless communication is constructed.

소형 주택용 분전반 등이 설치된 장소에는 사람이 상주하지 않아 화재를 초기에 소화하기 어려운 현실이다. 작은 불로 인하여 크나큰 재산 및 인명 피해가 발생되는 것을 미연에 방지하기 위하여 본 연구에서 소규모 분전반 등의 방호체적 0.02m 3 미만에서의 순간적 화재 발생을 초기 신속하게 진압하기 위한 새로운 개념의 장치를 개발하여 소형 분전반에 적용하도록 하고자 한다.

It is a reality that it is difficult to extinguish a fire in the early stage because people do not reside in places where distributionboards for small houses are installed. In this study, in order to prevent property damag and human casualties in advance froma small fire, a new device is developed to implement and quickly extinguish the instantaneous fire that occurs in smalldistribution panels with a protection volume of less than 0.02 m3.

Solar panels installed on the ground receive wind load. A wind experiment was conducted to evaluate the wind force coefficient acting on a single solar panel and on solar panels arranged in an array. Surface roughness did not have a significant effect on the change in vertical force, which is the wind force coefficient acting on the vertical surface of the single solar panel. An examination of the change in wind direction angle showed that the largest vertical force coefficient was distributed in the 0° forward wind direction based on the front of the solar panel, the 345° reverse wind direction based on the rear side, and the 135° and 225° diagonal directions based on the rear panel. Furthermore, an examination of the change in wind force coefficient according to the change in solar panel inclination angle (β) showed that the drag coefficient was the highest at the 40° inclination angle of the panel (β), followed by the 30° and 20° inclination angles. However, the lift coefficient and vertical force coefficient were not significantly affected by the inclination angle of the panel. The wind force coefficient of the panels arranged in an array was influenced by the wind direction angle and the panel position. With the exclusion of the nearest row a at the wind direction angle of 0°, all the panels in the array showed lower coefficients than that of the single panel experiment. In the case of the panels placed inside, the wind speed was decreased by the surrounding panels, and as a result, the wind force coefficient was lower than that of the single panel experiment. This outcome is attributed to the small delamination at the end of the panels by the surrounding array of panels compared to that of the single panel experiment.

Continuous on-line temperature monitoring allows corrective measures to be taken to prevent upcoming failure. Continuous temperature monitoring and event recording provides information on the energized equipment's response to normal and emergency conditions. On-line temperature monitoring helps to coordinate equipment specifications and ratings, determine the real limits of the monitored equipment and optimize facility operations. Using wireless technique eliminates any need for special cables and wires with lower installation costs if compared to other types of online condition monitoring equipment. In addition, wireless temperature monitoring works well under difficult conditions in strategically important locations. Wireless technology for on-line condition monitoring of energized equipment is applicable both as standalone system and with an interface with power quality monitoring system.

Financial development has strongly influenced the pattern of income distribution in post-reform China. In this paper, using Chinese provincial data over the period of 1986-2000 and applying the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) techniques, we investigate the finance-inequality nexus in urban China. Empirical results show that China’s financial development significantly helps to reduce urban income inequality. However, these positive distributional gains from financial sector development have been severely offset by the increased urban unemployment and massive layoffs brought about by the implementation of radical urban reforms and the restructuring of state-owned enterprises.

This paper proposes an intelligent method for the optimal load distribution of two cooperating robots(TCRs) using fuzzy logic. The proposed scheme requires the knowledge of the robots' dynamics, which in turn depend upon the characteristics of large flat panel displays(LFPDs) carried by the TCRs. However, the dynamic properties of the LFPD are not known exactly, so that the dynamics of the robots, and hence the required joint torque, must be calculated for nominal set of the LFPD characteristics. The force of the TCRs is an important factor in carrying the LFPD. It is divided into external force and internal force. In general , the effects of the internal force of the TCRs are not considered in performing the load distribution in terms of optimal time, but they are essential in optimal trajectory planning: if they are not taken into consideration, the optimal scheme is no longer fitting. To alleviate this deficiency, we present an algorithm for finding the internal-force factors for the TCRs in terms of optimal time. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated by computer simulations using two three-joint planner robot manipulators.

This paper proposes a method for the intelligent load distribution of two cooperating robots(TCRs) using fuzzy logic. The proposed scheme requires the knowledge of the robots' dynamics, which in turn depend upon the characteristics of large flat panel displays(LFPDs) carried by the TCRs. However, the dynamic properties of the LFPD are not known exactly, so that the dynamics of the robots, and hence the required Joint torque, must be calculated for nominal set of the LFPD characteristics. The force of the TCRs is an important factor in carrying the LFPD. It is divided into external force and internal force. In general, the effects of the internal force of the TCRs are not considered in performing the load distribution in terms of optimal time, but they are essential in optimal trajectory planning; if they are not taken into consideration, the optimal scheme is no longer fitting. To alleviate this deficiency, we present an algorithm for finding the internal-force (actors for the TCRs in terms of optimal time. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated by computer simulations using two three-joint planner robot manipulators.

We report the effect of the particle size (D50) and PSD (Particle Size Distribution) of glass frit on the transparency of transparent dielectric layer of PDP. The milling efficiency of wet milling with water was the best among the dry milling, wet milling with IPA and wet milling with water. The transparency increased with the reduction of particle size of glass frit as the milling time increased. Also the transparency changed by the PSD of glass frit. Glass frits of broad PSD showed high transparency compared with the glass frits of sharp PSD.

On-line temperature monitoring helps to coordinate equipment specifications and ratings, determine the real limits of the monitored equipment and optimize facility operations. Using wireless technique eliminates any need for special cables and wires with lower installation costs if compared to other types of online condition monitoring equipment. In addition, wireless temperature monitoring works well under difficult conditions in strategically important locations. Wireless technology for on-line condition monitoring of energized equipment is applicable both as standalone system and with an interface with power quality monitoring system.

대표적인 전기설비 중의 하나인 보호배전반을 대상으로 6 자유도 진동시험대를 이용하여 입증시험과 파괴한도시험을 통해 보호배전반의 내진성능을 평가하였다.

현재 지능형 빌딩시스템에 도입되어 있는 스마트 분전반은 스마트 그리드 시스템과 연계하여 전력 수요를 분산시키는 기능 등 다양한 기능을 갖는다. 하지만 예측 불가능한 부하 종류와 운전 패턴에 따른 부하 불평형에 의해 발생하는 전력품질 저하, 전력기기 오작동 등에 능동적인 대처는 역부족이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 지능형 분전반 운용 알고리즘을 통한 부하관리 시스템을 제안하여 부하 불평형에 따른 피해를 최소화하고자 한다.

전력사용량이 산업발전과 더불어 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있으며, 한정된 공간내에서 대용량의 전력설비를 설치하기 위해 폐쇄형 배전반이 운영되고 있다. 한국전기안전공사에서 발표한 통계자료에 의하면, 고압이상 전기설비 검사결과 절연내력이 불합격인 경우가 다수 발생하고 있으며, 이는 아크 플래시 사고의 원인이다. 특히 수배전반의 경우 부하설비 또는 외부의 영향을 확인할 수 있는 장치 및 보호설비가 설치되어 있으나 자체 안전장치가 마련되어 있지 않아 자체사고를 신속히 검출하고 판단할 수 있는 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 해상도가 낮은 저가의 열화상 센서에 고속 DSP를 사용하여 영상처리 기법인 이차원 보간 법으로 해상도를 올려서 사용하는 기술을 이용하여 아크에 의해 발생되는 열특성을 검출하고 검출된 데이터를 전송하여 전기화재사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있는 장치 개발을 위한 기초 특성조사를 실시하였다.

Continuous on-line temperature monitoring allows corrective measures to be taken to prevent upcoming failure. Continuous temperature monitoring and event recording provides information on the energized equipment's response to normal and emergency conditions. On-line temperature monitoring helps to coordinate equipment specifications and ratings, determine the real limits of the monitored equipment and optimize facility operations. Using wireless technique eliminates any need for special cables and wires with lower installation costs if compared to other types of online condition monitoring equipment. In addition, wireless temperature monitoring works well under difficult conditions in strategically important locations. Wireless technology for on-line condition monitoring of energized equipment is applicable both as standalone system and with an interface with power quality monitoring system.

With the fast growing number of skyscrapers and large ultrahigh apartment complexes, the concerns on fire caused by electricity also grow. Among about 30,000 fires recorded annually, roughly one third of them are hewn to be caused by electricity. If one of such high and densely populated buildings or apartments catches a fire, the consequence can potentially be quite catastrophic. However, with the rapid development of the techniques in the fields of communications and computers, electric power distribution systems for such buildings and apartments have been largely digitalized in recent years. More detailed informations on the operating status are now available, which enables more sophisticated monitoring and early detection of potential fire caused by electricity. In this paper, we present an inference technique that can be used as one of the basic techniques in building intelligent distribution panel systems that can effectively monitor, prevent and detect the occurrence of fire caused by electricity. The technique can accommodate production rules in linguistic expressions on high abstraction levels. Fire finding strategies can be easily modified to provide more effective countermeasures. Simulation results show that inference capabilities and thus the capability of fire monitoring in power distribution panel systems can be significantly enhanced with our approach.

This paper deals with the monitoring program based on Windows for Distribution Panel Tester. The monitoring software has variety function : data file conversion, user define data generation, data metering and signal analysis etc. The software is designed for GUI because it provides easy test and control interface for users or operators.

최근 통신 및 컴퓨터 기술이 급속하게 발달되고 전기설비의 계측 및 보호계전기의 디지털화가 본격적으로 진행됨에 따라 수배전 설비분야에서도 고 신뢰도 및 고품질의 전력을 공급하기 위한 많은 기술들이 개발되고 있다 그에 따라 기존 아날로그 방식의 유도형 수배전반의 단점을 보완하기 위한 디지털 보호계전기 기반의 전자화 및 일체형 수배전반의 수요가 점차 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 수배전반의 구성과 부하설비에 관한 정보를 기반으로 실비 및 부하운영상태의 이상 유무를 판단하고 대처할 수 있는 지능 시스템 구현의 기초가 되는 지식기반 추론기법의 접근방법을 논하고자 한다.

In the three-phase power system using the three-phase load, when any one-phase is open-phase, the unbalanced current flows and the single-phase power supplied by power supply produces over-current. As a result, the enormous damage and electrical fire can be given to the power system. In order to improve these problems, this paper is proposed a new control circuit topology for open-phase protection using semiconductor devices. Therefore, the proposed open-phase protection device (OPPD) enhances the sensing speed and precision, and has the advantage of simple fitting in the three-phase distribution panel in the field, as it manufactures into small size and light weight. As a result, the proposed OPPD minimizes the electrical fire from open-phase, and contributes for the stable driving of the power system.