Earticle

This paper reviews recent progress in research and development (R&D) of reactive co-evaporation for high performance REBCO coated conductors in Korea. Two types of reactive co-evaporation methods were developed for the deposition of SmBCO and GdBCO superconducting layers respectively on the IBAD (Ion Beam Assisted Deposition)-MgO template in the Korean coated conductor project. Batch type reactive co-evaporation equipment and its processing were developed for SmBCO coated conductors at Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) in conjunction with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), and a very high critical current exceeding 1,000 A/cm at 77 K in the self field was achieved through the optimization of deposition parameters. Reel-to-reel type reactive co-evaporation processing with a high conversion rate was also developed, while long length GdBCO coated conductors have been routinely produced by SuNAM Co. The minimum critical current of 422 A/cm-w at 77 K in self field was confirmed for 1 km-long GdBCO tape.

This paper describes current status of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) rotating machinery development in Japan. Recent advances in production technology of HTS materials have continuously stimulated the development of high performance rotating machines. One of the most promising applications for such machines is the ship propulsion, and then some major projects have been underway. Also, energetic challenges for the HTS drive motor, e.g., automobile, have started. Furthermore, low speed and large capacity HTS generators are considered to be exciting candidates for wind turbines. The technology trends of the HTS rotating machines is introduced and discussed in this review paper.

This presentation describes efforts made by an instructor and his students to track student T&I progress in a fourth-year undergraduate course titled T&I Practicum during the fall semester of 2021. As is mostly the case, unfortunately, students who have gone through the same program do not make similar improvements; some excel and others less so. Through a fourth and final year course, it was deemed significant to provide a platform where students can examine their T&I competences and explore ways for improvement during their final year (that hopefully lays the basis for continuous development after graduation, leading to some form of lifelong learning). The underlying assumption is that feedback is more powerful and effective when customized and targeted towards certain individual student needs (enabling a more focused corrective feedback). For this, efforts to better understand students were taken. Having a clearer understanding of the process of each students’ interpreting ("what goes through their minds when interpreting") is key. The basic modes for communicating with students were: - student journals (Google doc): students analyze their T&I performances and identify the most important area that requires improvement and draft plans for future studies. - Interviews with students Taking a process-oriented approach (from cognitivism and assuming that identifying the cause(s) of errors is the first step of making improvements), this study examines the endeavors of 5 students (as well as the instructor). This presentation illustrates the efforts made to: - identify the strengths of individual students - point out area(s) of improvement - suggest ways for improvement (study methods, tasks).

다양한 시설의 건설, 다수 이해관계자의 참여, 긴 사업기간 등의 복잡성으로 인해 대규모 건설프로젝트는 이를 관리함에 있어 어려움이 있다. 효과적인 대규모 프로젝트관리를 위해서는 합리적인 진도율 측정이 중요하고, 이를 위한 다양한 방법들이 제안되었다. 하지만 기존의 방법들은 단일 또는 일부 시설의 건설 프로젝트로 한정하였기 때문에 다양한 시설들을 건설하는 대규모 프로젝트에 적용하는 데 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 대규모 건설프로젝트의 특성을 반영한 진도율 측정 프레임워크를 제안함을 목표로 한다. 프레임워크는 작업분류체계 개발, 주요시설별과 하위시설별 가중치 산정, 통합 진도율 산정으로 총 4가지 단계로 이루어져 있다. 본 프레임워크를 검증하기 위해서 세종시를 대상으로 사례연구를 수행하였고, 활용 가능성을 검증할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 대규모 건설프로젝트의 진도율을 보다 합리적으로 측정할 수 있고 효과적인 프로젝트관리가 이루어질 것으로 기대된다.

Managing mega construction project is a very challenging task due to its large scale and complexity. To deal with the challenge, progress measurement must be estimated reliably and effectively. Many researchers have presented progress measurement methods, but previous studies are limited to single or several types of facilities. Thus, they have difficulties to being applied to mega construction projects that covers multiple facilities. To overcome the limitations, this paper proposes a progress measurement framework considering characteristics of mega construction projects. The framework consists of four phases : development of Work Breakdown Structure, determination of weights of main facilities and sub facilities, and calculation of the integrated progress rate. To validate the proposed approach, a case study of Sejong city in Korea was performed. The results of the case study showed the applicability of the proposed framework and confirmed that it enables to reliably measure progress rate of mega construction projects.

유럽의 확대과정에서 유럽통합을 목표로 마스트리히트조약에서는 유럽연합 시민권이라는 개념을 창출하였다. 유럽시민권의 기본취지는 회원국 국민들은 역내 어떤 회원국에서라도 정치, 경제, 사회, 문 화 등 제 분야에 걸쳐 국적, 성별, 인종에 의해 어떠한 차별도 받지 않고 활동하고 거주할 수 있는 권리를 가지며, 동시에 국민들이 가 지는 동등한 권리와 의무를 가짐으로서 하나의 유럽을 실현하게 한 다는 것이다. 유럽의 확대 및 통합과정에서 유럽시민권 개념의 등장은 필수 적이다. 유럽시민권은 다양성 속에 통합이라는 유럽의 단일 정체성을 지향한다. 하지만 유럽통합과정과 정체성 확립과정에서 끊 임없는 문화적 갈등은 양산된다. 언어적·종교적·인종적·문화적·경제적 갈등의 양상이 그것이다. 그렇기 때문에 유럽시민권에 대한 전망은 이러한 문화적 갈등의 양상들에 대한 선결되어야 할 과제들의 극복 없이 논하기는 어렵다. 이민, 망명 등을 통한 제3국민의 이주에 대한 시민권 부여 기준과 범위, 가족법, 노동법, 복지 관련법률은 물론이고 시민권의 보호와 의무에 관련된 제법규의 통합이 선행되지 않는 한 유럽시민권의 정착은 난관에 부딪힐 것이다. 유럽확대, 유럽통합, 유럽시민권, 유럽의 단일정체성에 있어서 나타나는 문화적 갈등의 해결을 위한 핵심적 개념은 사람의 자유로운 이동 및 이주권 보장의 정도에 달려있다. 유럽통합과 유럽시민권 개념의 확립에서 풀어야 할 숙제는 사람의 완전한 자유로운 이주권의 보장과 제한된 이주권 보장의 어느 범위에서 유럽시민권을 보장해야 하는가의 문제와 다문화된 유럽사회에서의 각 개별 회원국들이 고려해야 할 통일적 사회 통합정책의 방향설정의 문제 등이다.

European Union(EU) countries has been undergoing transformation in parallel with the establishment of EU citizenship. The citizenship is concerned with the rights and obligations, citizens are the people who enjoy the same rights and share the same duties. The question of identity in citizenship does not only concern the definition of who the citizen is, it equally implies defining the polity. Thus the identity debate on European citizenship has to deal not only with “third country nationals” and legal residents versus citizens, but also with defining the nature of the European polity as well as its borders. The concept of Union citizenship emerged long before its formal establishment. The idea had been developing since a very early stage of the Communities, but the final provisions were approved during the Luxemburg European Council and inserted into the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht. European citizenship is regulated by articles 17-18 of the European Communities Treaty. According to these provisions, Union citizenship is conditional upon national citizenships. The Maastricht European Citizenship Clause was modified in Treaty of Amsterdam. The additional phrase - Citizenship of the Union shall complement and not replace national citizenship - is an apparent response to anxiety of the Member State that EU citizenship somehow threatens national citizenships. Thus the EU does not have legal authority to grant the status of citizen, it can be acquired only through nationality of one of the Member State. With the development the EU citizenship, EU has gradually grown and continues to expand. The EU traces its humble roots to the European Coal and Steel Community (ESCS), created in 1951. Today the EU had grown into a complex and powerful multinational organization that integrated its members' economic, social, cultural, fiscal, and political policies on an unprecedented scale. The EU consists of 27 Member States. It is the right to free movement of persons in the EU to play an important an role in expansion of the EU. Freedom of movement for workers or non workers is essential to European integration in both the political and economic spheres. The problem to be solved is how to establish the identity as a political, economic, cultural, fiscal and social union in a new and expanded EU.

Regional development studies is a multidisciplinary branch of applied social science. It does seem possible to identify some categories of problem regions in any countries through all ages. Regional development planning can be seen as response to certain problems with a regional dimension, that is, a response to pressing regional issues. The purpose of this study is to explore the identity of regional development studies in the Korean context and to seek the future directions. The researchers of regional development studies are need to consider newly emerging issues on globalization strategy, strength of local competitiveness, sustainable development, social capital, and job creation. It is necessary for the academic society to have a penetrating analysis of paradigm shift of regional development in Korea. One of the most important things is that the role of researchers and educators in universities and research institutes is to develop theories and produce practical studies in order to meet the demand of the age.

Currently, our society is showing many changes due to the influence of information and communication technology (ICT). At the center of these information and communication technologies are software, intelligence, and sensing technologies. The software-related industry is steadily developing due to various software development policies implemented by the government and related organizations. Software development is desirable, but on the other hand, some negative aspects are also appearing. In this study, we proposed an objective way to infer the progress of software development for reasonable resolution of cases when a dispute related to the progress of development occurred during the software development process. The proposed solution was based on the waterfall model. The outputs generated in each process of the waterfall model are contents excluded from subjectivity. Therefore, it can be used as an objective method for calculating software development progress.

The efficiency of perovskite materials solar cells skyrockets from 3.8% in 2009 when it is first developed in this field to 19.3% in 2014, and higher efficiency is also anticipated by researchers and merchants all over the world. Simultaneously, new kinds of LED and semiconductor laser equipments based on pervoskite are also developed with the bright future into a new era and the development treads on the heel of perovskite solar cells. In this paper the state-of-the-art and highlight progressin these related fields will be reviewed and the scientific challenges and comments on the current and future issues are mentioned.

The aim of this study is to improve the basic learning ability of those who make poor progress in mathematics and to keep positive and active learning attitudes in class afterward by using problems whith both make them advance their basic learning ability and supplement lack of previous learning in class or after school. supplementary problems were developed by focusing the ability of basic calculation, the comprehension of concepts, principles, and rules by analyzing necessary contents precisely each domain after itemizing learning contents each unit. the results of the study are this: 1) The students who solved the problems, that were developed to improve the basic learning ability and to supplement the earlier learning during their classes or giving homework, made significant progress in their scholastic achievement; more than those who were not involved. 2) Meaningful changes were demonstrated in the motivation for achievement among the domains of learning attitudes before and after the experiment but, not in their interest, the consciousness of purpose, attention, voluntary and efficient learning as shown in their learning habits. In this study, therefore, the problems which were developed to improve the basic learning ability and to supplement the earlier learning by focusing on the competence for basic calculation, and the comprehension of concepts, principles and rules were effective positively only in the area of motivation for achievement. there were no meaningful differences in the other domains.

MSE (Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer)는 11.25m 구경의 망원경과 최대 4,000 개의 천체를 한 번에 관측할 수 있는 분광기를 통해 다천체 분광학 연구를 이끌 차세대 관측기기이다. 경희대학교는 망원경에 장착되는 다천체 분광기의 성능 요구사항을 바탕으로 노출 시간 소프트웨어 ETC (Exposure Time Calculator)를 개발하고 있다. ETC는 대기에 의한 연속선 소광, 방출선과 흡수선, 망원경 및 광학 기기의 투과율, 검출기의 암전류와 읽기 잡음을 바탕으로 신호 대 잡음비 S/N (Signal to Noise)을 도출하여 천체를 분광 관측하기 위한 적절한 노출 시간을 계산한다. MSE-ETC는 저분산 LR (Low Resolution, R=3,000), 중분산 MR (Moderate Resolution, R =6,000) 및 고분산 HR (High Resolution, R=40,000)의 관측 모드로 가시광선과 근적외선 영역의 S/N과 파장, 그리고 S/N과 AB등급 간의 상관관계를 보여준다. 본 포스터에서는 개발 중인 MSE-ETC 프로그램의 구조와 작동 알고리즘 및 사용 예를 발표한다.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. Despite its importance as a respiratory pathogen, there is currently no licensed vaccine for prophylaxis of HRSV infection. There are several hurdles complicating the development of a RSV vaccine: 1) incomplete immunity to natural RSV infection leading to frequent re-infection, 2) immature immune system and maternal antibodies of newborn infants who are the primary subject population, and 3) imbalanced Th2-biased immune responses to certain vaccine candidates leading to exacerbated pulmonary disease. After the failure of an initial trial featuring formalin-inactivated virus as a RSV vaccine, more careful and deliberate efforts have been made towards the development of safe and effective RSV vaccines without vaccine-enhanced disease. A wide array of RSV vaccine strategies is being developed, including live-attenuated viruses, protein subunit-based, and vector-based candidates. Though licensed vaccines remain to be developed, our great efforts will lead us to reach the goal of attaining safe and effective RSV vaccines in the near future.