Earticle

합리적인 정보체계 개발비용 산정을 위해 국내에서는 1994년부터 예산산정 표준으로 기능점수 방식을 도입하여 활용하고 있다. 그러나 사업발주 이전에 기능점수 산정이 가능한 수준의 요구사항 도 출과 분석이 어렵기 때문에 아직까지 기능점수 측정방법이 충분히 정착되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 합리적이고 정확한 개발비용 산정을 위해 EA 기반 정보체계 개발비용 산정 프로세스를 제안한다. 제 안 프로세스는 기능점수 측정과 EA의 관계성 분석결과를 바탕으로 국내 표준 기능점수 산정 절차에 따라 설계된다. 제안 프로세스의 타당성을 보이기 위해 RFID 자산관리시스템에 제안 프로세스를 적 용하고, 개발비용 원가를 최초 및 최종 개발비용 원가와 비교?분석한다.

Korea government has used the Function Point method as a korea standard for the reasonable calculation of software development costs since 1994. However, the Function Point method does not take root because of the difficulty of requirement definition and analysis prior to software development projects. This study proposes a process of the reasonably accurate calculation of software development costs based on EA (Enterprise Architecture). The proposed process is designed with Korean standard Function Point method and the relationship analysis of the Function Point calculation and EA. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed process through a case study of RFID asset management system.

Buildings that are more than 10 years old generally have considerable repair and replacement costs due to the rapid deterioration of their systems. For public buildings in particular, which have national and social significance, considerable effort is required not only to ensure a long life cycle and safety but also to minimize the overall public expense. Along with increasing repair and replacement requirements, however, there have been problems related to the establishment of an accurate facility management budget. To address these concerns, a repair and replacement cost management system was constructed. This system manages both invested maintenance and forecast costs to establish a reasonable repair and replacement planning process and budget. The effectiveness of the system was verified through a pilot test targeting one of public Corporation (K).

An accurate and reliable motion capture (MoCap) system is essential for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) development, particularly for indoor flight tests. Existing wireless positioning methods, such as ultra-wideband, Wi-fi, or Bluetooth, are appealing because of their relatively low hardware requirements and ease of integration, but they are limited by multipath interference and inaccuracy. Computer vision-based systems offer higher accuracy; however, commercial solutions such as Vicon or Optitrack are costly and depend on proprietary software. This paper presents an accurate, vision-based, low-cost MoCap system for indoor UAV tracking. The system combines multiple Raspberry Pi cameras with hardware and software synchronization, reflective markers as tracking points, and Robot Operating System (ROS) middleware for communication. Experimental validation compares position data from the MoCap system with estimates from the PX4 flight controller. Results demonstrate good tracking performance across various UAV flight trajectories, with root mean square errors in 3D consistently below 0.06 m and no directional deviations exceeding 0.05 m.

원성군 시범 종합영양사업을 위하여 개발된 고영양 보충식품(high nutrition-low cost supplementary foods)들의 영양학적 고찰을 행하였다. 전보에서 보고된 결과를 바탕으로 추천된 CSS-3, CSS-4 및 BSS-4 제품들의 일반성분, 무기질 성분, 비타민성분 및 아미노산 조성을 분석하였고, 단백질 효율(PER)을 조사하였다. 단백질 함량은 평균 18% 이상, 열량은 100 g 당 400Kcal 내외, 그리고 주민들의 영양필요량을 채워줄 수 있는 무기질 및 비타민 성분들을 함유하고 있었다. 함유 단백질의 아미노산가는 83-89 범위 그리고 PER은 2.33-2.36의 범위를 보여 주는 양질의 단백질이었다.

Nutritional evaluation of the proposed supplementary foods (high nutrition-low cost foods) for children were conducted for the ‘Wonseong County Comprehensive Nutrition Program’ in Korea. Proximate composition, mineral, vitamin and amino acid composition were determined and also protein efficiency ratio(PER) was evaluated for the propsed formulas which were recommended as CSS (corn-soybean-sesame blend)-3, CSS-4 and BSS (barley-soybean-sesame blend)-4 in previous study. Protein and caloric contents of the formulas were around 18% and 400 Kcal/100 g respectively, and they have reasonable contents of mineral and vitamin. Amino acid score (83-89) and PER (2.33-2.36) of the proposed formulas were considered to be in adequate range of protein quality for feeding the target group in Wonseong County area.

최근 기후변화가 심화됨에 따라 자연재난의 빈도와 강도가 심화되고 이로 인한 인명피해와 재산피해가 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 정부는 풍수해에 대응하기 위해 풍수해생활권 종합정비사업이라는 개념을 도입하였으나, 관련 기준, 품셈, 관련 소프트웨어의 부재로 재해위험지역 정비사업은 설계 전후로 공사비 증액과 시공의 품질 저하 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 25개 펌프장의 실데이터를 통해 공사비 경험식을 산정하고 이를 적용한 개략공사비 산정 프로그램을 개발하여 충청남도 천안시의 천안천을 대상으로 개략공사비를 산정하고 이를 천안천 풍수해생활권 종합정비사업 예산과 비교 분석하 였다. 분석 결과, 도출한 개략공사비는 천안천 풍수해생활권 종합정비사업의 사업비와 80.42%의 정확도 를 기록하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 이는 본 프로그램이 실제 사업비를 산정하는데 실효성 있는 도구로 활용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

Due to intensified climate change, the frequency and severity of natural disasters have increased, leading to a continued rise in human casualties and property damage. The Korean government launched the Wind and Flood Damage Area Maintenance Project. However, because of the lack of standards, unit cost criteria, and appropriate software, issues such as increased construction costs and reduced quality have emerged. This study developed a preliminary construction cost estimation program using empirical construction cost formulas derived from 25 domestic pumping stations. The program was tested on the Cheonan Stream project in Cheonan City, South Chungcheong Province. As a result of the analysis, the estimated construction cost derived by the program achieved an accuracy of 80.42% compared to the actual project cost of the Cheonan Stream Wind and Flood Damage Area Maintenance Project, indicating that the program can serve as an effective tool for estimating real construction costs.

As post-harvest processes of onions are carried by a 20 kg-net package which results in high-cost and lowefficiency, especially, the insufficient drying and physical damage of onions after harvesting leads to a huge second loss in storage, we had developed a low-cost, high-efficiency post-harvest bulk handling machinery system by collecting onions on a farm using ton-bags, drying with forced air circulation, and sorting/packaging. The post-harvest bulk handling machinery system consisted of 6 devices, and this study designed an automatic feed hopper with a feeding rate control device, an inclined belt conveyor with a two-step chute, and an automatic pallet unloading device for feeding onions into the sorting/packing line. This study also analyzed the performance and control of the total system. The device had 1-ton handling capacity, but the operational condition was set to increase the capacity. The three-step filling method of pallet by the velocity control of the inclined belt conveyor was applied in the post-harvest bulk handling machinery system for the prevention of physical damage. If one worker was set to operate the total system, the time required to complete one palletized load was approximately 5 minutes and 5 seconds. The calculated daily handling capacity was approximately 94 tons, when the daily actual working time was 8 hours. When the developed system was applied to the managerial size of 2,000 ton, the processing cost per ton of the system was decreased by 19.5%, compared with the existing 20 kg-net package-based handling. The developed post-harvest bulk handling machinery system would be a good substitute for the rapid decline and aging of rural labor.

Cost estimate system Will be changed from the prime. cost calculation to the historical cost data because the present system has some problems. In this situation, each owner should prepare his own cost estimate system based on the historical cost data. In this study, the standard work items were classified and the criteria of their work amount computation were established for rural improvement projects. And also the historical cost data were collected in all range of rural improvement projects, and the database system, "HICOMS" (HIstorical COst data Management System) was built. In order to test the applicability of the HICOMS, standard work cost and contractor cost were compared. The results by HICOMS showed high significance and it was concluded that the HICOMS could be applicable for the cost estimate of the rural improvement projects. projects.

Purpose: This study focused on analysing costs per home health care nursing visit based on home health care nursing activities in medical institutes. Method: The data was collected in three stages. First, the cost elements of home health care nursing services were collected and 31 home care nurses participated. Second, the workload and caseload of home care nursing activities were measured by the Easley-Storfjell Instrument(1997). Third, the opinions on improving the home health care nursing reimbursement system were collected by a nation-wide mailing survey from a total of 125 home care agencies. Result: The cost of home health care nursing per visit was calculated as 50,626\. This was composed of a basic visiting fee of $35,090{\\}({\fallingdotseq}355$)$ and travel fee of $15,536{\\}({\fallingdotseq}15$)$. The major problems of the home care nursing payment system were the low level of the cost per visit, no distinction between first visit and revisits, and the limitations in health insurance coverage for home health care nursing services. Conclusion: This study's results will contribute as a baseline for establishing policies for improvement of the home health care nursing cost and for applying a community-based visiting nursing service cost.

본 연구는 2006년부터 2011년까지 제주특별자치도 내 개발부담금 부과대상 사업장을 통계자료로 활용하였으며, $2,700m^2$이하의 개발사업에 대해 실비정산방식에 의해 산출된 개발비용 분석을 통해 현재 적용되고 있는 단위면적당 표준비용의 적정성을 분석함으로써 표준비용 적용의 문제점을 도출하였다. 그 결과 표준비용제도의 개선방안으로 제주특별자치도의 현실성 및 특수성을 고려하여 표준비용 적용 대상을 지형별 산지 산지외로 구분하는 것보다는 "국토의 계획 및 이용에 관한 법률"에 따른 용도지역별 도시 비도시지역으로 구분하여 적용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 또한 통계분석 기법인 t-검정과 분산분석을 통해 분석결과를 검증하여 연구결과의 신뢰성을 높였다.

During the six years from 2006 to 2011, based on a study of projects with an area equivalent to or less than $2,700m^2$ located in Jeju self-governing province, it was shown, through comparison with the pre-existing calculation methods, that there were many problems with the application of the standard cost. Accounting for the uniqueness of Jeju province, the study suggested an alternative method for applying the standard cost, basing it on property usage of either urban area or non-urban area pursuant to the National Land Planning and Utilization Act rather than land type of either mountain area or non-mountain area, with the utilization of T-test and ANOVA raising the reliability of this study.

In this study, we design a low-cost test equipment for real-time image observation and transmission/reception distance test using 1m by 1.5m bang-pai kite. The image observation is made by using two servo motors to enable the camera to control the two axis attitude. The image observation equipment is hung on the string of a kite and the test is performed to observe the real time image. The transmission and reception distance test of the wireless RF transceiver module is conducted on the ground and in the air.

본 연구에서는 대규모 추출(개질)수소 생산을 위하여 수증기 메탄 개질반응(steam methane reforming, SMR) 수소제조 개산견적 모델을 개발하였다. 개발한 모델을 이용하여 수소제조 시설의 규모에 따른연도별 CAPEX(capital expenditure), OPEX(operating expenditure), ABEX(abandonment expenditure) 를 산출하여 경제성 분석에 반영하였고, 경제성 분석의 다양한 입력변수들에 따른 민감도 분석을수행하였다. 그 결과, 수소제조 시설의 규모가 커질 때의 균등화 수소원가(levelized cost of hydrogen, LCOH) 와 순현재가치(net present value, NPV) 의 관계를 확인하였다. 일일 수소생산량 333톤 규모로 가정한 기본모델의 균등화 수소원가를 2.91 US$/kg으로 산출하고, 현실성이 있는 결과로 확인하였다. 이를 통해, SMR방식을 적용한 수소사업의 다양한 시나리오에 대해 신속하고 합리적인 경제성 분석이 가능하고, 효율적 의사결정에 기여할 수 있다.

This study develops a steam methane reforming hydrogen production conceptual cost estimation model for large-scale hydrogen extraction. Capital expenditure, operating expenditure, and abandonment expenditure are estimated yearly based on the cost estimation model considering the scale effects of the hydrogen production facility. These are used in economic evaluation with sensitivity analysis according to the input parameters’ changes. The relationship between the levelized cost of hydrogen and the net present value according to the change of facility scale is confirmed. The base case model gives a hydrogen production of 333 tonnes/day and a levelized cost of 2.91 US$/kg, which has been verified as a reliable value. This model is expected to be further utilized in hydrogen production feasibility studies under various scenarios and contribute to efficient decision-making.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a web-based cost management program for visiting nursing centers (CMP-VNC), using time-driven activity-based costing (TD-ABC), and to analyze effects of the program. Methods: The CMP-VNC was developed using the combined prototyping approach and system developing life cycle method following four stages: need analysis with comprehensive literature reviews and focus group interviews, design and development of program algorithm, evaluation of the developed program validity using experts and users group, and application and effects analysis. The non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used to analyze the effects of the program. The program demonstration was conducted for four weeks with 60 visiting nurses in 35 visiting centers. Results: The web-based program was developed. It has five interfaces with basic and special functions using TD-ABC, namely, input, visiting nursing activity, visiting nursing activity cost, cost efficiency, and cost calculation report. The experimental group showed significantly higher cost perception and cost confidence than control group. Conclusion: We found that the CMP-VNC can be an effective tool to increase visiting nurses' competency of costing and enhance efficiencies of visiting nursing centers.

국내 하천시설물 건설공사는 도로 등의 다른 토목시설공사에 비해서 사업의 금액규모가 상대적으로 작다는 등의 특성으로 인해 사업의 기획 및 계획단계에서의 개략적인 공사비용을 예측하는 기준 단가가 정립되어 있지 않으며, 시설물의 특성을 고려한 합리적이고 체계적인 견적 방법론 또한 존재하지 않는다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 하천시설물 건설공사의 실적자료를 수집하고 분석하여, 4단계로 이루어진 하천 제방공사 실적정보 구성 체계를 제시하고, 공사비에 영향을 끼치는 인자들을 주요 공종별로 도출하여, 하천시설물 공사의 기획단계에서 적정한 개략공사비를 산정하는 체계적인 방법론을 제시한다.

The systematic methodology for estimating construction cost approximately at planning and pre-design phase of a river facility construction project has not yet been established because of its unique characteristics including its relatively small project size in terms of cost. This research suggests a 4-level cost information structure and identifies critical factors affecting construction cost as a result of thorough analysis of accumulated historical cost data of river facility construction projects. Also, this research presents the framework of the approximate cost estimating methodology for river facility construction project a planning stage.

2022년 8월 수도권에서 발생한 집중호우 등의 자연재난으로 인해 인명피해와 재산피해가 증가하고 있다. 이에 정부는 자연재난에 대응하기 위해 노력하고 있으나, 관련 기준과 표준화된 품셈의 부재로 방재시설 정비사업의 공사비 증액, 시공품질 저하 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이에 개략공사비 산정 모듈을 개발하여 국내 25개 신규 펌프장에 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 모듈을 통해 도출한 개략공사비의 정확도는 실시설계비의 70%를 기록하여 기존에 사용 중인 환경부의 개략공사비 정확도인 66%보다 4% 더 정확도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 향후 풍수해재해예방을 위한 개략공사비 산정에 개발된 모듈이 이용될 경우 재해예방사업의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Due to natural disasters such as heavy rain that occurred in the metropolitan area in August 2022, human casualties and property damage are increasing. Accordingly, the government is making efforts to respond to natural disasters, but due to the absence of related standards and standardized standards, problems such as increased construction costs and deterioration in construction quality for disaster prevention facility maintenance projects are occurring. Accordingly, a rough construction cost estimation module was developed and applied to 25 new pumping stations in Korea. As a result of the analysis, the accuracy of the rough construction cost derived through the module recorded 70% of the detailed design cost, which is 4% higher than the previously used rough construction cost accuracy of 66% by the Ministry of Environment. Accordingly, it is expected that the efficiency of the disaster prevention project can be increased if the developed module is used to calculate the rough construction cost for storm and flood disaster prevention in the future.

최근 30년 이상 노후화된 국내 인프라의 증가로 한정된 예산 내에서 인프라 유지관리를 위한 정확한 유지관리 비용산출과 그에 따른 적절한 예산분배의 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 교량의 대표적인 결함과 이에 대한 보수보강 공법들을 매칭하고 유지보수에 필요한 비용을 산정하였다. 표준품셈과 BMS (Bridge Management System) 데이터 분석을 통해 교량의 보수보강 공법을 분류하였으며, 결함의 위치와 종류, 크기에 따라 결함-공법을 매칭하였다. 그리고 표준품셈을 기준으로 단위당 작업량과 물량을 계산하여 노무비, 경비, 재료비를 구분하여 산출하였다. 서울시 교량 유지보수 내역서와 비교를 통해 평균 예측 정확도가 85.1 %가 나왔으며, 결함의 간단한 조건을 통해 유지보수 비용을 파악할 수 있다. 향후 현장 조건을 고려한 장비 및 야간작업 여부를 추가하여 더 높은 유지보수 비용을 파악할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

As aged infrastructures have been increased, the importance of accurate maintenance costs and proper budget allocation for infrastructure become prominent under limited resources. This study proposed a mapping algorithm between representative defects, repair methods, and the estimated maintenance costs for concrete bridges. In this regard, using BMS (Bridge Management System) data analysis, bridge repair methods were classified and matched with defects according to their locations, types, and sizes. In addition, the maintenance costs were estimated based on the amount of work-load and quantity per unit using CSPR (Cost Standard Production Rate). As a result, the level of accuracy was an average of 85.1 % compared with the actual bill of quantity for Seoul bridge maintenance. The accuracy of maintenance costs is expected to be enhanced by considering the various site conditions such as pier height, extra charge conditions, additional equipment, etc.

3D Printing has a great advantage for its capabilities in manufacturing complicated structures in a reasonable manufacturing time, and thus is widely used in various fields. Due to the high cost of the equipment and material, a fairly acceptable equipment, the Projection Stereolithography Apparatus (PSLA), has been developed, using the projection pattern approach for the purpose of quick manufacturing. We evaluated its surface quality, as compared with that of other systems. The result is the development of a high-performance, low-cost 3D Printer and its operating software, using LCD and UV LED. Working materials for an optimal manufacturing are suggested in the research, along with some suggestions of basic approaches for enhancing the accuracy and quality of the manufactured structures.

본 연구에서는 고가의 상용화 기기를 대신할 수 있는 보급형 안구운동추적 장치를 개발하는 과정을 소개하고, 개발된 장치의 타당성을 검토하였다. 연구 1에서는 저가형 웹 카메라, 적외선 조명, 및 컴퓨터로 구성된 안구운동추적 장치를 설치하는 과정을 기술하고, 보정과정을 거친 후 예시 디지털 이미지를 참가자에게 제시하여 안구운동 패턴을 알아보았다. 연구 2에서는 Levin과 Simons(1997)의 변화맹시 연구를 반복검증하기 위해 변화단서의 제시 유무를 조작하여 안구운동추적 자료를 수집하였다. 실험 결과, 변화단서 제시조건이 비 제시조건에 비해 평균 응시점 개수가 92% 많아졌고, 최대 응시시간은 58% 짧아졌음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 저비용 안구운동추적 장치의 제한점과 향후 개선방향에 대해서 논의하였다.

This study introduced the development of a ‘low-cost eye-tracking device’ using a common web camera, an infra-red light, and PC. Two experiments were conducted to validate the utility of the eye-tracking device. In experiment 1, using a 25 fixation point display and an artificial face, the spatial resolution of the device was examined. In experiment 2, manipulating the presence/absence of the change-cue, we tried to replicate the change-blindness experiment by Levin & Simons(1997), and examined the eye-movement patterns for each condition. As results, it was observed that the number of fixation points in the change-cue condition were 92% higher, and the maximum fixation-dwelling time were 58% shorter than those in the no-cue condition. Finally, limitations and future developments of a low-cost eye-tracking device were discussed.

국내 건설공사 단가의 적정성과 시장 상황과의 괴리에 대한 논란은 오랜 기간 지속되어 왔다. 국내 건설공사 단가는 특정 소수의 공공기관이 주체가 되어 수립되는 공공기관 중심의 Top-Down 방식으로 수립된다. 실제 시장가격은 유가, 자재비, 노무비 등에 따라 변동이 심하며 소수의 공공기관에서 수많은 업체의 시장가격에 대한 방대한 조사를 수행하여 단가를 수립한다는 것은 사실상 물리적으로 불가능하다. 해외 선진국의 경우, 공공 건설공사 단가의 보완하기 위한 수단으로 민간업체가 주체가 되어 수립되는 민간 중심의 다양한 원가정보가 함께 존재하며 국내에서도 공공뿐만 아니라 민간 중심의 단가 정보 확대를 통한 효율적인 공사비관리가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 공공 중심의 건설공사 단가체계의 한계를 보완하는 민간 중심의 Bottom-Up 방식의 단가 수립 체계 개발을 목적으로 개발의 기본 방향을 설정하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 국내 건설공사 단가 수립 체계 분석을 통하여 문제점을 도출하고 해외 건설공사 단가 체계를 벤치마킹하여 개선 방향을 도출하였으며, 분석결과를 종합하여 국내 민간 중심의 건설공사 단가 수립 체계 개발을 위한 기본 방향을 설정하였다.

Cost information in the Korean construction industry is mainly controlled by the government agencies. However, there have been wild-spread speculations among participants on the adequacy of these unit prices and difference with the actual market condition. Korean public-led unit prices are developed using mainly a top-down approach by a few designated public institutions. Due to the rapid fluctuations in market prices and high-volume of information, it is impossible for a few public institutions to properly consider market conditions. However, there are almost none private cost reference while many are available in other countries to supplement the public cost references. Needs for private cost references have recognized, and this study can be seen as a pilot study to support them. This study attempts to identify the problem areas of Korean cost references and to provide guidance by benchmarking other countries. This study has confirmed the need of developing market-driven cost references by employing a bottom-up approach in which a large number of various construction participants are fostered to provide their own cost information and share with others. It is envisioned that this study provides foundations for further study on the development on-line construction market platform based on abundant and appropriate cost information.

본 연구는 개발부담금 부과를 위한 개발비용이 지역별 및 사업유형별로 단위면적당 개발비용의 차이가 있는지를 분석하였으며, 또한 단위면적당 개발비용과 세부항목과의 상관관계를 분석하는 등 개발비용의 특성을 심층적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이러한 분석을 통한 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 단위면적당 개발비용 및 개발비용의 세부항목은 지역 및 사업유형별로 상당한 차이가 발생하고 있다. 둘째, 단위면적당 개발비용의 시도별 및 사업유형별로 차이를 분산분석 결과 유의미한 차이가 있으나, 사후검정의 결과 시도별 및 사업유형별 단위면적당 개발비용이 독립적으로 형성하고 있지는 않음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 단위면적당 개발비용은 순공사비(0.760)와 일반관리비(0.715)에 가장 높은 상관관계를 보이고 있다. 따라서 단위면적당 개발비용이 차이는 시도별 및 유형별로 순공사비 및 기타경비가 높거나 지역별로 단위면적당 개발비용이 높은 사업유형이 많기 때문으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 지역별, 사업유형별 개발비용 특성분석결과를 토대로 개발부담금의 표준비용을 확대 적용할 수 있으며, 현재 수도권 및 비수도권으로 구분되어서 적용되고 있는 것을 지역은 서울, 경기·광역시(대구제외), 대구·광역지자체, 사업유형은 8호·5호·10호·2호·9호, 1호, 4호로 구분하여 확대 적용할 수 있다. 향후 개발비용은 세부항목별로 보다 세분화된 자료 구축이 필요하며, 구축된 자료의 주기적인 분석을 통해 지역과 사업유형을 연계한 보다 세분화된 표준비용의 적용방안의 연구가 필요하다.

This study aims to analyze the traits of development cost by types of regions and development projects. For the purpose, this study investigates the difference of development cost per unit area(㎡) among regional groups and development project types. It also examines the correlations between the development cost and its major components. Major findings are as follows. First, a significant difference is observed among the development costs by regional groups and development project types. Second, although the difference is statistically significant based on one-way ANOVA test, the post-hoc comparative result implies that the development cost cannot be completely separated by regional groups and development types; rather, they seem to be continuous by their types. Lastly, the development cost has relatively high correlation with net construction cost(0.760) and management cost(0.715). It is inferred that the difference of the development cost among regional and development types is resulted from either comparative high net construction and incidental costs, or high development cost per unit area due to regional attributes. However, both detailed database and continued monitoring are necessary for setting up and charging reasonable development cost.