Earticle

네일샵을 찾는 고객들은 창조적이고 유니크한 디자인을 필요로 하지만 현재 네일 아티스트들은 모방의 수준에 있어 고객들의 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 개성 있는 네일아트 디자인 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 모든 디자인의 기본이 되는 조형원리를 적용한 네일아트 융합디자인을 제시하여 창조적인 네일아트 디자인 발상에 기여하고자 한다. 연구방법은 전문서적과 인터넷 자료, 선행연구 등을 조사하여 조형원리의 개념 및 사례, 네일아트의 개념 및 표현기법들을 분석한 후 조형 원리를 적용한 네일아트 융합디자인 6작품을 제작하였다. 네일아트 기법은 네일샵에서 가장 많이 사용하는 핸드페인팅, 마블, 시스루, 에칭, 엠보, 패치, 오브제 기법을 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 조형원리를 적용한 창의적이고 독창적인 네일아트 융합디자인을 제시함으로써 새로운 네일아트 디자인 창출의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었고 본 연구가 네일아티스트의 디자인 역량을 강화하는데 기초자료로서의 의의가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Customers who visit nail shops need creative and unique designs, but at present nail artists remain at the level of design imitation, new nail art designs should be developed to satisfy customers. Therefore, this study presented convergent nail art designs using formative art principles which are the basis of all design with the aim of contributing to creative nail art designs. For this purpose, this study investigated specialized books, Internet data and previous studies on the subject, analysed concepts and cases of formative art principles, and the concept of nail art and related expressive techniques to create six convergent nail art designs. As nail art techniques, this study used hand painting, marbling, see-through, etching, embossing, patching and objet. As a result, this study presented unique and creative nail art designs using formative art principles and found the possibility of creating new nail art designs. This study has meaning in that the results of this study are significant as basic data to enhance the design capabilities of nail artists.

복온공주 활옷은 뛰어난 조형미를 대표하는 의복으로 이에 지금까지 회자되어 오고 있다. 그러나 조형미에 관한 선행연구를 살펴보면, 문양의 종류, 배치 등등에 치 우쳐 있어, 조형미에 대한 실질적 접근은 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 디자인 의 원리를 통해 복온공주 활옷의 조형미를 고찰하였으며, 통일, 조화, 균형과 비율을 중심으로 조형미가 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 연구자는 각 원리가 생성되는 다 양한 요인 중 크게 2가지 요인에 의해 형성되었다고 보았으며, 이를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통일성은 분할과 연속의 조화로 분할에 해당되는 금사선은 구역을 나누는 구획선의 역할을 함과 동시에 전체를 상하, 좌우 대칭을 이루어 균형감을 주고 있다. 연속은 각 문양들은 문양들 간의 유사조화로 인하여 통일감을 주는 동시에 수평과 수 직으로 반복 배열되어 있으며, 이를 통해 안정, 권위, 상승 등 활옷 전체의 이미지를 만들어 주고 있다. 둘째, 조화는 요소들 간의 상호 결합하여 공존 된 결과물로 결합은 문양의 색, 크기 등이 유사조화를 이루기도 대비조화를 이루기도 하여 보다 부드러우 면서도 역동적인 율동감을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 균형과 비율은 복온 공주 활옷의 뛰어난 조형미를 이룰 수 있는 근원적 원리로 생각되며, 이는 대립과 분배 로 표현할 수 있다. 활옷의 모든 비율은 1:3~1:4의 비율을 가지고 있으며, 구획선의 영역과 문양의 배열은 대칭과 대각선을 대칭의 구도를 가지고 있다. 이를 통해 안정적 인 균형 속의 변화를 가져오고 있다. 이와 같이 복온공주 활옷은 뛰어난 조형미는 조형 의 원리 즉 디자인의 원리인 통일, 조화, 균형, 비율, 율동, 강조의 모든 요소는 서로 긴밀히 연결되어 안정적이면서도 율동감이 있고, 엄숙하면서도 화려한 끊임없는 균형 과 대립의 ‘정·반·합’을 이룬 구조적 결과물이라 할 수 있겠다.

Princess Bokon's Hwallot clothes are clothes with excellent formative beauty and have been talked about until now. However, if you look at previous studies on the formative beauty, it is biased toward the type and arrangement of patterns, so the practical approach to the formative beauty is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, the formative beauty of Princess Bokon's bow clothes was examined through design principles, and it was found that the formative beauty was formed around unification, harmony, balance and ratio. In addition, the researcher considered that each principle was largely formed by two factors among the various factors that are generated, and the summary is as follows. First, the gold thread, which is divided into division and continuous harmony, serves as a division line that divides the area and at the same time provides a sense of balance by symmetrically vertically and horizontally. Continuously, each pattern is repeatedly arranged horizontally and vertically at the same time, giving a sense of unity due to the similar harmony between the patterns, and through this, it creates an image of the entire bow clothes such as stability, authority, and elevation. Second, harmony is the result of mutual combination of elements and coexistence, and the combination is the result of comparative harmony even when the color and size of the pattern are similar to each other, giving a softer and more dynamic sense of rhythm. Finally, balance and ratio are considered to be the fundamental principles that can achieve the outstanding formative beauty of Princess Bokon's Hwallot clothes, which can be expressed as confrontation and distribution. Every ratio of the bow clothes has a ratio of 1:3 to 1:4, and the area of the partition line and the arrangement of patterns have a symmetrical composition and diagonal line. Through this, the change in a stable balance is brought about. In this way, the excellent formative beauty of Princess Bokon's Hwallot clothes is the principles of formation, that is, all elements of unification, harmony, balance, ratio, rhythm, and emphasis, which are the principles of design, are closely connected to each other, so they are stable and have a sense of movement, and they can be said to be beautiful clothes that form a solemn and colorful constant balance, that is, 'Jeong, Ban, and Hap'.

We live in the era when physical appearance has the competitiveness. Although we are in good hair and costume style or makeup, we lose our stylish fashion and sense of confidence, when we put on eyebrows in a grotesque way. We undergo a plastic surgery to become beautiful. Efforts to make original ugly eyebrows turn beautiful can become helpful in pursuing the beauty of physical appearance and furthermore, motivating us to have our confidence in our appearance. As a number of women have participated in social activities and have interests in cosmetics since the 1960s, eyebrow tattoo secures the position of cosmetic tattoo, and becomes in vogue among women. This eyebrow tattoo evolves in semi -permanent makeup. Up to now, this eyebrow tattoo and semi -permanent make-up still coexist and at the same times, pose a lot of problems. In this regard, the purpose of this research thesis is to present how to put on semi -permanent special makeup as part of a bid to address problems surrounding several makeup techniques, and apply the semi -permanent special eyebrow makeup into the three elements of eyebrow makeup, namely, length, angle and volume, and then, study patterns and multi -expression ways of eyebrow style. Also, this research thesis is to make an analysis of real cases and examples of semi -permanent special eyebrow makeup in an attempt to find out solutions to the advanced makeup. It needs to provide the systemic educational training on exhaustively special knowledge technologies and safe systems in combination with cosmetic and medical factors in order to make semi -permanent special makeup become more professional. The research and study should be made on more specific, safe and special techniques related to makeup of any other facial parts in addition to eyebrow.

Attempts have been always made to express the beauty of the nature in many ages and cultures as they developed. In the field of the creative art of hair designing, the elements of the forming principles were adopted and present a possibility of expressive art. Among many different field of designing, the hair designing is focusing on making artistic creation with the part of human body, the hair, and hair growth. It is, therefore, necessary to contemplate upon the forms from the motifs of nature or the construction styles of the hair designs. While it is true that hair designers have to consider the forms of the faces of the people as they design the artistic creations as they make artistic creations and expressions, which is similar in theory with other forms of the art, but, there have not been a big number of studies on the forms and basic elements of the hair design in the past. In this study, the basic elements of design and formative principles were adopted to the up-style elements and the principles of formation to create 4 pieces of art. In this regard, contemplation and review on the formative principles and the basic elements were made. The implication of this study is that it would give a foot hold for the designers who wish to create art pieces in everyday life on the top of the head of the customers.

Today' s ready-made trend and mechanization don' t satisfy each consume' s individuality and needs. Since 2003, people have been increasingly turning to nature and considering eco-friendliness and environment. In line with this trend, formative principles in images of nature have been found and applied to up style. Up style was regarded as a special style for Hanbok (Korean traditional dress) or wedding but now is commonly used in semi -up style and general styles. As a part of expressions to show individuality, this shows one’s own style. Therefore, this study manufactured total 4 up styles applying organic patterns of nature and formative principles, found out the design to complement weak points of each head due to different starting points able to obtain head volume, and divided styles. Through this, the purpose of this study is to manufacture the design that is suitable for consumers and complements weak points of different heads. If color is added to the design point based on organic patterns, there occur dynamic expressions. This work was designed by focusing on the practical hair design but the work with strong artistic factors seems to be a good data for Hair Art formative work as well.

Beauty treatment became a habit of mankind, as a part of life since the life of mankind started and have been developing, by harmonizing individual personality and fashion sense with curl and wave by the hands of cosmeticians. When looking at the previous studies to date, there are hair cut, firmware , up style and make up, but there is no skip wave process. One of the subjects for hair. Thus, firstly, this researcher directs a design in the new development process through creative skip wave process which has never been studied until now. Secondly, this study aims to direct the creative works by using the design formative principles being focused on original setting and propose whether it can be put into a practical use as an artistic expression and products. In this study, creative works are directed with the motifs of emphasis, symmetry and progress among the design formative principles. As a result of directing works, skip wave has been found as a field of hair which can express infinite creativity and artistry in directing works based on design formative principles as motifs. In this study, this researcher conducts a study by using original setting only.

아름다워지고자 하는 욕구는 자연스럽게 미적으로 관심이 중시되고 그에 따라 뷰티산업도 크게 성장하고 있다. 그 중 아트 메이크업은 색채와 표현을 중심으로 고정된 틀에서 벗어나 독창적이고 실험성이 있는 예술분야로 뷰티영역에서 발전하고 있다. 아트메이크업은 조형원리에 따라 통합예술을 토대로 한 패션, 건축, 미술 등을 모티브로 디자인 발상을 통해 조형원리를 적용한 아트메이크업에 대한 새로운 예술적인 형태 연구가 필요한 분야이다. 조형원리를 균형, 통일, 강조, 리듬으로 분류하여 그의 적용 된 통합예술을 토대로 한 실질적 사례를 조경, 건축, 화훼, 회화, 패션, 인테리어로 구분하여 알아보고, 조형원리를 적용한 아트메 이크업 디자인 분석하였다. 이에 아트메이크업 분야에서 조형원리를 적용한 메이크업 디자인 형태가 어떻게 적용되고 있는지와 창의적 영역으로의 확대모색과 아트메이크업 발전에 학문적으로 이론적 토대와 기초자료를 제공함으로 새로운 디자인 개발에 기여하고자 한다.

The desire to be beautiful naturally focuses on aesthetics, and the beauty industry is growing significantly accordingly. Among them, art makeup is developing in the beauty field as a creative and experimental art field that breaks away from the fixed framework centered on color and expression. Art makeup is a field that requires research on a new artistic form of art makeup that applies formative principles through design ideas based on integrated arts such as fashion, architecture, and art according to formative principles. Formative principles were classified into balance, unity, emphasis, and rhythm, and practical cases based on his applied integrated arts were divided into landscaping, architecture, flowers, painting, fashion, and interior design, and art makeup design using formative principles was analyzed. Accordingly, we aim to contribute to the development of new designs by explaining how makeup design forms that apply formative principles are being applied in the field of art makeup, exploring expansion into creative areas, and providing academic theoretical foundations and basic materials for the development of art makeup.

The multilateral attempt for present applications of art school of thought and expression is leading modern fashion as a chapter of various artistic expression. In fashion, historic art thinking which predominated the period are source of optional inspiration not simply being generated, culminated and disappear but layout principles which can reemerge as periodical needs. In other words, the past styles are the source of inspiration of new trend of the present time and will serve as the text that give birth to yet another trend. In this study, I conducted the research on the layout principles of Modernism Architecture in aspects of pure visibility and the layout characteristics. And I analyzed cases of modern fashion which were appling architectural layout principles in the view point of formal construction dimension. As the result, the layout principles of Modernism Architecture have the characteristics of diagram linearity, geometric planarity and exclusive closing. And I was applying the architectural layout principles of Modernism to fashion. The layout principles of Modernism Architecture have the tendency of lacking history types, abstract plane partition and reductionism purity in fashion. The meaning of this study is follows: The characteristics of art school of thought are given shape by appling & analysing the architectural layout principles of historical art school of thought to modern fashion in the view point of formal construction dimension. The applied possibility of historical art school of thought as the source of inspiration about the fashion design is extended.

최근 밀레니얼 세대가 제품구매의 트리거(Trigger) 역할을 하기 시작하면서 가전제품은 새로운 전환점을맞이하고 있다. 밀레니얼 세대는 대중적 트렌트를 참고하면서도 개인의 취향을 가장 중요한 요소로 판단한다. 이로 인해 제조사는 핵심모델 중심의 “소품종대량생산”에서 다양한 취향과 라이프스타일에 맞는“다품종 맞춤 생산” 체제로 변화하고 있다. 따라서 문화적 특색이 강하고, 개인의 라이프스타일을 반영해야하는 냉장고 디자인은 이러한 융복합적인 환경을 보다 논리적이고, 체계적인 분석이 필수불가결한 상황이다. 하지만 현장에서 체계적인 아이디어 발상과 문제해결을 위해 참고할 디자인 방법론은 미흡하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 발명의 원리를 체계적으로 정리한 TRIZ와 조형요소의 연관성을 논리적으로 파악하고 해석하여 향 후 진행될 냉장고 디자인 개발에근간이 되는 자료로써 활용되고자 한다. 연구방법은 현시점에서 가장 핵심적인 냉장고 플랫폼을 중심으로 6가지 조형 요소를 추출하고, TRIZ의40가지 원리 중 연계성이 높다고 판단되는 8가지 원리를 가설적으로 선정하였다. 이후 선정된 원리들이적용된 디자인 사례를 발굴하고 분석하는 과정을 거처 검증하였다. 이를 통해 최종적으로 냉장고 조형 요소와 직접적인 연관성이 높은 8가지 원리를 도출하였다. 연구 결과로는 “분할”, “비대칭” 원리는 전면 도어의 비례, 구성과 연계성이 높았다. “과부족 조치”, “피드백” 원리는 홈바의 크기와 인터랙션에 밀접한 연관성을 보였으며, “추출” 원리는 디스펜서의 주요 기능과 상관관계가 있었다. “통합”과 “구형화” 원리는 핸들의 형태나 위치와 관계가 있었으며, “차원 바꾸기” 원리는 캐비닛의 깊이와 연계성이 높았다. 향후 본 연구를 활용하여 냉장고 디자인이 보다 발전하는 계기가 되기를 희망한다.

With the recent millennials starting to play an important role, the home appliance industry is facing a new turning point. For millennials, taste is the most important criterion. Manufacturers are changing from “mass production of small items” to “customized production of many kinds". Therefore, a refrigerator design requires a more logical and systematic analysis of this fusion environment. However, there are currently insufficient design methodologies to refer to for problem solving. Therefore, this study tries to logically grasp the r elationship between TRIZ and the formative element s of the design. So, it is intended to be used as a basis for future refrigerator designs. At this point, six formative elements were extracted from essential refrigerator platform, and eight principles that were judged to have high connection with the TRIZ principle were hypothetically selected. After that, design cases were discovered and verified. Finally derived eight principles that are directly related to the design. As a result, the principle of "segmentation" and "asymmetry" showed high connection with proportion and composition. The "partial or excessive action" and "feedback" principle were closely related to the size of home-bar and the interaction, and the "extracting" principle was correlated with the dispenser. The principles of "consolidation" and "spheroidality" were related to the shape and position of the handle, and the principle of "transition into a new dimension" had high connection with the depth of the cabinet.

현행 소상공인 지원기준은 절대 금액 중심의 단일 체계에 의존하면서 정책 간 기준 불일치, 업종별 비용구조 미반영, 물가 변동 조정 기능 부재라는 한계를 보인다. 본 연구는 지원대상 선정 기준을 상대적 취약성 관점에서 재구성하고자 하며, 분석 범위는 외생적 충격 국면의 현 금성 위기대응 직접지원으로 한정한다. 주요국 제도와 규범적 근거를 검토한 뒤 통계청 기업 통계등록부(2019~2023) 패널과 인구통계등록부 통합분석 DB(2022)를 활용해 매출 분포 기준 점과 시계열 안정성을 도출하였다. 분석 결과 매출 하위 30%, 50%, 68% 지점은 각각 긴급 생존, 구조적 취약, 충격 취약 단계의 기준점으로 해석되며, 5개년 변동계수가 모두 6% 이내에 머물러 시간적 안정성과 적응성이 함께 확인되었다. 전문가 19인 형성적 평가에서도 기준 체계 방향성이 전반적으로 수용되었 고, 매출-소득 환산과 업종별 보정 방식은 추가 정교화가 필요한 영역으로 식별되었다. 본 연구의 매출 분위 기준은 단독 자격선이 아니라 업종별 비용구조와 영업이익률을 반영 하는 보정 체계와 결합되는 분위 기준점이며, 보정 체계의 구체적 산출은 후속 과제이다. 본 연구는 소상공인 위기대응 지원기준을 상대적 취약성 중심으로 전환하기 위한 정책설계 프 레임과 초기 기준점을 제시하였다는 점에서 정책적 의의를 가진다.

This study examines whether Korea’s current crisis-response direct support criteria for micro-enterprises, which rely primarily on absolute revenue thresholds, can be reframed within a relative vulnerability framework. The analysis is motivated by three structural limitations of the current system: inconsistencies in eligibility criteria across programs, insufficient consideration of inter-industry cost heterogeneity, and the absence of automatic adjustment mechanisms in response to inflation and macroeconomic shocks. Using five-year panel data from Statistics Korea’s Statistics on Business Registration (2019?2023) and the Population Statistics Registry Integrated Analysis DB (2022), the study derives sales-distribution thresholds at the 30th, 50th, and 68th percentiles. These thresholds correspond respectively to survival-risk, structural vulnerability, and shock-vulnerability stages. The coefficients of variation for the thresholds remained below 6% over the five-year period, suggesting relative stability over time while maintaining adaptive responsiveness to changes in the overall sales distribution. In addition, a formative evaluation based on a 19-member expert advisory panel indicates general acceptability of the proposed framework. At the same time, the evaluation identifies sales-to-income proxy conversion and industry-specific adjustment mechanisms as areas requiring further refinement. Overall, the proposed percentile-based staging framework provides an empirical basis for transitioning from absolute revenue criteria toward a relative vulnerability-based approach in crisis-response direct support for micro-enterprises. The findings further suggest that industry- specific adjustment mechanisms reflecting cost-structure heterogeneity should be incorporated as a complementary second-stage design in future research.