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This paper conducts a comparative analysis of the rural revitalization development levels and the degree of coupling and coordinated development across eight counties and cities in the Yanbian area, set against the backdrop of the rural revitalization strategy. The foundational elements for rural revitalization are stronger in the northwest and central regions of Yanbian, followed by the eastern region, while the southern region exhibits a relatively weaker foundation. The types of agglomeration related to rural revitalization and development levels are characterized as high-high and low-high, primarily concentrated in Wangqing and Antu. The level of coupling development for rural revitalization in the Yanbian area is comparatively high, with coordinated development displaying a distribution pattern that is elevated in the north and diminished in the south. Notably, the areas of coupling and coordinated agglomeration are primarily located in Wangqing.

本文以乡村振兴战略为背景, 以延边地区为例, 从地理学角度出发, 构建延边地区乡村振 兴水平评价体系, 运用熵权-TOPSIS方法, 对八个县市的乡村振兴发展水平进行对比分析； 利用耦合协调度模型对延边地区乡村振兴耦合协调发展程度进行了实证分析。研究发 现：①延边地区乡村振兴综合发展水平不高, 且整体发展差异较大, 乡风文明维度呈现西 北部和中部高于其他地区的空间格局, 产业兴旺、生态宜居、治理有效、生活富裕四个 维度则呈现北高南低的空间格局。延边地区西北部及中部地区乡村振兴基础较好, 东部 地区次之, 南部地区基础相对薄弱。②延边地区乡村振兴各维度发展水平聚集性均不强, 聚集地区主要分布在汪清县及安图县, 集聚类型为高高集聚(HH)和低高集聚(LH)。③延 边地区乡村振兴耦合发展水平较高。县市乡村振兴耦合协调发展水平处于濒临失调、勉 强协调、初级协调和中级协调四个阶段, 大部分县市乡村振兴发展处于协调状态, 空间格 局呈现“北高南低”的分布态势, 县市乡村振兴各维度耦合协调集聚地区分布在汪清县。

In the new stage of development where the "dual carbon" strategy and the goal of common prosperity are being advanced in parallel, China's new-type urbanization and rural revitalization strategies are undergoing a paradigm shift from geographic spatial expansion to a multidimensional integration of ecological, social, and economic systems. This study focuses on the key ecological barrier regions of the Yellow River Basin, taking Henan Province located at the core of the Central Plains Economic Zone as a case study. Based on complex system theory, a three-dimensional evaluation system is constructed. Using the Coupling Coordination Degree Model, Kernel Density Estimation, and Spatial Markov Chain Analysis, the coupling coordination degree between new-type urbanization, rural revitalization, and the ecological environment system from 2011 to 2022 is calculated and analyzed. The study explores the evolution characteristics of coupling coordination development from a spatial-temporal perspective. The results indicate that: (1) The coupling coordination level in Henan Province has shown a stable development trend over time. The coupling coordination degree of cities has gradually improved from a near-disequilibrium state to a primary coordination state. Spatially, the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration centered around Zhengzhou exhibits a higher level of coupling coordination, while the southern and eastern parts of Henan Province show relatively lower coupling coordination levels. However, the disparity between regions is gradually narrowing. (2) The coupling coordination types of cities in Henan Province show synergistic effects with those of neighboring regions. The neighborhood effect significantly influences the regional coupling coordination degree, with regions in a low-coordination type showing a significantly higher probability of upward transition. (3) In view of the unbalanced development in Henan Province, it is necessary to strengthen the radiating leading role of core cities, accurately support backward regions, build cross-regional coordination mechanisms, and promote balanced development of all regions. This study innovatively constructs an evaluation framework for the coordinated development of multiple systems, revealing the spatial interaction mechanisms of regional complex system co-evolution. It provides a scientific basis for the implementation of high-quality development strategies in Henan Province.

Aiming at lack of the initiative to coordinate in the coal mine security emergency management, the easy consequence in coal mine accident, the security emergency management of the coupling coordination degree is put forward based on hierarchical network analysis process (ANP) and order parameter method. According to the literatures at home and abroad, the coupling coordination of emergency management processes in coal mine security is summarized; whose measure index system includes five sub-systems, eleven order parameters and thirty-three secondary indexes. With super decision software to determine the weight of each index, the four steps of prevention, preparation, response and recovery of coal mine security emergency management are calculated by using the order parameter method. The results show that the coordination is the highest between the coal mine security emergency management preparation and response of the two parts of the sub-system, while the overall coordination of the system is relatively low.

The impact of the information technology industry on economic development is becoming increasingly important. In this study, we take China's provincial-level regions from 2015 to 2020 as the research object, comprehensively evaluates the level of their information technology systems by the entropy weight method, and then measures the coupling coordination relationship between the information technology system and the economic development system by the coupling coordination degree model. As a result, we found that the income of the information technology industry, the investment of talents and science research have the most important influence on the level of the information technology system. During the research period, with increasing values, the coupling degree of the two systems was at a high level. Affected by development strategies, diffusion effects and industrial relocation, the coupling degree in the central and western regions has shown a rapid growth trend. The coordination degree of the two systems is relatively low, and 83.9% of the provinces are in the medium-low coordination stage. The information technology industry has obviously promoted economic development. Besides, relevant policies should be introduced to effectively support and guide the high-quality development of the information technology industry and promote the high-level coordinated development of the two systems.

본 논문에서는 동종 또는 이종 무선시스템에 대해 최소결합손실 기반의 주파수 조정을 위한 이론적 모델링 및 계산 결과를 제시한다. 주파수 조정에 핵심 변수들인 시스템 특성, 전파전파 모델, 가용율 및 보호비, 주파수의존제 거 또는 인접채널간섭비, 변별각을 고찰하고, 각각에 대해 수치계산 결과를 도출한다. 주파수 조정의 절차를 보이기 위 해 도심 또는 부도심에서 간섭원 이동기지국과 피해 고정무선시스템 간의 간섭전력을 분석하며, 가정한 양 시스템 특 성에 대해 변별각 및 거리의 함수로 최대허용간섭전력과 간섭 영향을 비교한다. 제시된 방법은 다양한 무선시스템의 주파수 조정에 필요한 상호 공존 또는 양립성을 위한 기술적 분석에 활용이 클 것으로 판단된다.

Theoretical modelling and computational results for frequency coordination are presented based upon minimum coupling loss regarding the same or different wireless systems. Essential parameters involved in frequency coordination are discussed in view of system characteristics, propagation model, availability and protection ratio, frequency dependent rejection or adjacent channel interference ratio, discrimination angle, and its computational results are also evaluated. To illustrate frequency coordination procedure, received interference power between fixed wireless system of victim and mobile base station of interferer are analyzed in urban or sub-urban area and also compared with maximum allowable interference power as functions of discrimination angle and distance for assumed system parameters. The proposed method will play a practical role in technical analysis on co-existence or interoperability for the various wireless systems needed for frequency coordination.

Suzhou classical gardens are celebrated for their spatial aesthetics, which embody the concept of painting within poetry, and vice versa. However, existing studies rely heavily on qualitative interpretation, lacking a systematic quantitative evaluation framework. This study aims to develop a quantitative model using AHP?TOPSIS and coupling coordination degree analysis to evaluate the compatibility between spatial configurations and poetic expressions in Suzhou classical gardens. Based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews, a multi-level evaluation system comprising 5 primary and 16 secondary indicators?covering spatial rhythm, water layout, visual organization, and cultural imagery?was established. AHP pairwise comparisons were conducted by experts to determine indicator weights, followed by consistency testing. TOPSIS was applied to 450 valid questionnaire responses to evaluate four representative gardens. The coupling coordination model was then used to assess the compatibility of subsystems. Ethical approval was obtained, and all participants gave informed consent. The Humble Administrator’s Garden (D = 0.351) and the Lingering Garden (D = 0.329) showed high coordination across rhythm, nature, and imagery. In contrast, the Lion Grove Garden (D = 0.143) and the Canglang Pavilion (D = 0.178) exhibited weaker performance due to insufficient cultural symbolism or design issues related to circulation. This study provides a scientific basis for the conservation and revitalization of Suzhou gardens, offering evaluative tools for cultural expression in contemporary landscape design that emphasizing the synergy. The focus on Suzhou limits generalizability; future studies should include gardens from diverse regions and cultural backgrounds to enhance the overall understanding.

Hydrothermal reactions of $Ln(NO_3)_3{\cdot}5H_2O $ (Ln = Eu (1), Sm (2), Ho (3), Dy (4)) with 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (3,5-pdcH2) in the presence of 4,4'-bipyridine led to the formation of the 3-D Ln(III)-coordination polymers with a formula unit of $[Ln_2(3,5-pdc)_2(C_2O_4)(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}2H_2O$. These polymers contain a bridging oxalate ligand ($C_2O_4\;^2$). On the basis of GCMS study of the mother liquor remaining after the reaction, we proposed that the $C_2O_4\;^2$ formation proceeds in three steps: (1) Ln(III)-mediated decarboxylation of $3,5-pdcH_2$ to give $CO_2$, (2) the reduction of $CO_2$ to $CO_2\;^{\cdot}$ by the Ln(II) species, and (3) the reductive coupling of the two $CO_2\;^{\cdot}$ radicals to the oxalate ($C_2O_4\;^2$) ion. All polymers were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction.

This paper constructed the evaluation indicator system of local higher education development and regional economic growth，then took Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region as an empirical research object. The paper measured coupling development(Scale of education, quality of education, level of teachers) of local higher education development and regional economic growth (Economic scale, economic structure, economic development)by coupling coordination model. Higher education in the region has been at a low level of development, while economic development has been supported by policies to maintain rapid growth and basically reach an upper middle class status by 2020. The economic development of Xinjiang has continued to grow and reached an Upper-middle level. After ten years of development, the coupling coordination degree of these two was Lower coordinated, and the development of higher education lagged behind regional economic growth. Measures such as increasing asset investment, increasing the number of colleges and universities, and actively bringing in and retaining talent need to be taken as soon as possible. Let higher education accelerate and overtake development to provide effective support for regional economic growth and maintain a state of high-quality coordination between the two.

혁신과 경제발전의 관계는 점차 중요해지고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구들과는 다른 측면에서 지역혁신능력과 지역경제발전의 관계를 규명해보고자 한다. 첫째는 지역혁신능력과 지역경제발전의 관계를 종합하여 커플링결합도 개념을 이용한다. 둘째는 공간적인 측면에서 지역혁신능력과 지역경제발전 간의 커플링결합도를 분석하는 것이다. 특히 본 연구는 공간확산효과를 통해 각 지역 간의 커플링결합도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하고 있다. 분석기간은 2006년-2020년으로 설정하고 분석 대상은 중국의 30개 성․시․자치구(省․市․自治區)를 포함하고 있다. 본 연구는 우선 글로벌 모란지수(Global Moran's I)와 로컬 모란지수(Local Moran's I)를 이용하여 지역혁신능력과 지역경제발전 간의 커플링결합도의 공간적인 특징을 분석하였다. 두 모란지수의 분석결과에 의하면 커플링결합도는공간적인 연계성이 강하며 특히 공간 집중도가 높음을 발견하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구는 SAR, SEM, SDM 모형을 이용하여 지역혁신능력과 지역경제발전 간의 커플링결합도에 미치는 영향을 정부지지, 외국인투자, 사회보장 그리고 택배산업을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 정부지지와 외국인투자 그리고 택배산업은 커플링결합도에 정(+)의 관계가 있음을 발견하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 공간직접효과와 공간간접효과를 통해 정부지지, 외국인투자, 사회보장 그리고 택배산업의 공간확산효과를 분석했다. 분석결과에 의하면 정부지지와 외국인투자 그리고 택배산업은 공간직접효과가 상대적으로 현저하게 나타났으며 사회보장은 공간간접효과즉 공간확산효과가 상대적으로 현저하게 나타났다.

The relationship between innovation and economic development is becoming increasingly important. This study aims to identify the relationship between regional innovation capacity and regional economic development in a different aspect from previous studies. First, the concept of coupling coordination is used by synthesizing the relationship between regional innovation capacity and regional economic development. The second is to analyze the degree of coupling coordination between regional innovation capacity and regional economic development in terms of space. In particular, this study analyzes the factors that affect the degree of coupling coordination between regions through the spatial diffusion effect. The period of analysis is set from 2006 to 2020, and the subject of analysis includes China 30 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions. This study first analyzed the spatial characteristics of the coupling coordination between regional innovation capacity and regional economic development using the global Moran's I and local Moran's I. According to the analysis results of the two Moran indices, it was found that the coupling coordination degree had a strong spatial connection, and especially a high spatial concentration. Based on this, this study analyzed the effect on the coupling coordination between regional innovation capacity and regional economic development through government support, foreign investment, social security, and the express delivery industry using SAR, SEM, and SDM models. According to the analysis results, it was found that government support, foreign investment, and the express delivery industry had a positive (+) relationship with the degree of coupling coordination. Finally, this study analyzed the spatial diffusion effects of government support, foreign investment, social security, and the express delivery industry through spatial direct effects and spatial indirect effects. According to the analysis results, the spatial direct effect was relatively remarkable for government support, foreign investment, and the express delivery industry, and the spatial indirect effect, or spatial spillover effect, was relatively remarkable for social security.

본 연구는 한국 시·도 단위에서 도시화 수준과 탄소배출효율성(Carbon Emission Efficiency, CEE)의 시·공간적 변화, 양자 간 결합 조화 관계, 그리고 CEE 차이를 설명하는 주요 예측 요인을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 2010년부터 2023년까지의 지역 패널자료를 활용하여 인구, 경제, 산업, 사회 인프라 등 다차원 지표를 포함한 도시화 종합지수를 구축하고, 노동·자본·에너지 투입, GRDP 기대산출, CO2 배출량 비기대산출을 고려한 Super-SBM 모형을 통해 지역별 CEE를 측정하였다. 또한, 결합 조화도 모형을 활용하여 도시화 시스템과 저탄소 효율 시스템 간의 조화 수준을 분석하였으며, XGBoost-SHAP 분석을 통해 CEE 예측값과 관련된 주요 요인의 상대적 중요도와 비선형적 기여 양상을 해석하였다. 분석 결과, 한국의 도시화 종합지수는 연구 기간 동안 전반적으로 상승하였으나, CEE는 2014년을 전후하여 단계적 고점에 도달한 이후 하락세를 보였다. 이는 도시화 수준의 향상이 반드시 탄소배출효율성 개선으로 연결되지 않으며, 도시화와 저탄소 효율 시스템 간에 추세상의 괴리가 존재함을 의미한다. 결합 조화도 역시 2010~2014년에는 소폭 상승하였으나 2015년 이후 하락세로 전환되어, 도시화의 진전과 저탄소 전환 간 조화 관계가 약화되고 있음을 보여준다. 공간적으로는 수도권 및 일부 핵심 지역에서 높은 도시화 수준이 지속된 반면, CEE와 결합 조화도의 고값 지역은 점차 축소되거나 특정 지역에 집중되는 경향을 나타냈다. XGBoost-SHAP 분석 결과, 도시화 수준, 산업구조 및 인구밀도는 CEE 예측값과 가장 밀접하게 관련된 핵심 변수로 나타났다. 또한, 1인당 GRDP, 에너지 집약도, 디지털 경제 수준, 대외개방도 및 과학기술 투입 강도는 상대적으로 낮은 중요도를 보였으나, 구간별로 비선형적이고 단계적인 예측 기여 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 한국의 저탄소 도시화 정책이 단순한 도시화 수준 제고가 아니라 도시화의 질적 개선, 산업구조 고도화, 에너지 이용 효율 향상, 디지털·기술 기반의 저탄소 전환 및 지역별 차등적 정책 조정에 초점을 맞추어야 함을 시사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 대한민국의 2050 탄소중립 목표 달성을 위한 지역 맞춤형 녹색 도시 구조 개편과 지속가능한 국토 균형 발전 전략 수립에 실질적인 정책적 근거를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

This study analyzes the spatiotemporal changes in urbanization and carbon emission efficiency (CEE), their coupling coordination relationship, and the nonlinear predictive factors of CEE at the provincial level in South Korea. Using regional panel data from 2010 to 2023, this study constructs a comprehensive urbanization index based on population, economic, industrial, and social infrastructure indicators. Regional CEE is measured using the Super-SBM model with labor, capital, and energy as inputs, GRDP as a desirable output, and CO2 emissions as an undesirable output. The coupling coordination degree model is then applied to examine the coordination between urbanization and low-carbon efficiency systems, while XGBoost-SHAP is used to identify the relative importance and nonlinear contribution patterns of major predictive factors. The results show that South Korea’s urbanization level generally increased during the study period. In contrast, CEE declined after reaching a temporary peak in 2014. The coupling coordination degree also increased slightly from 2010 to 2014 but declined after 2015, indicating the weakening coordination between urbanization progress and the low-carbon transition. Spatially, high urbanization levels remained concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area and several core regions, while high-value areas for CEE and coupling coordination gradually shrank or became more regionally concentrated. The XGBoost-SHAP results indicate that urbanization level, industrial structure, and population density are the most important predictors of CEE. Other factors, including GRDP per capita, energy intensity, digital economy level, trade openness, and science and technology input intensity, had lower overall importance but exhibited nonlinear and stage-specific contribution patterns. These findings offer important policy implications for regionally differentiated low-carbon urbanization strategies and sustainable balanced regional development in support of South Korea’s 2050 carbon neutrality goals.

目前, 中国经济已经步入新常态, 经济增长速度转变为由中高速增长。但是经济在高速发 展下出现了很多经济社会问题, 人口老龄化, 环境污染等。改变以往传统的粗放型增长方式 转为依靠创新作为中国经济发展的核心战略, 已成为中国新常态下经济发展的必要措施。创 新不仅是决定区域竞争力的因素之一, 也是区域经济发展的引擎, 在打破中等收入国家的陷 阱方面发挥着重要作用。结合中国现阶段经济发展的特点, 应该尽快实现创新要素与创新驱 动转变的新变革, 促使中国实现长期经济可持续发展。因此, 有必要分析两者的耦合协调发 展现状, 并研究分析两者之间的关系, 对区域经济发展具有重要的参考意义。根据前人研究 的基础上, 本文从创新投入, 创新产出和创新环境三个角度构建了区域创新能力评价体系。 从经济稳定性, 经济效率性, 经济协调性, 经济开放性, 经济共享性和经济绿色性六个维度 构建了经济发展评价体系, 在此基础上, 运用耦合协调度模型, 从2006, 2010, 2015, 2020年 的四个时间点, 分析了中国30个省市自治区的区域创新能力与区域经济发展的耦合协调发展 状况。其结果表明, 从区域创新能力与区域经济发展的综合得分来看, 中国大部分省市自治 区的区域创新能力与区域经济发展水平都低于平均水平。中国整体耦合协调度处于中度协 调, 距离高度协调阶段还有较大差距。处于高度协调和极度协调的省份数量不多, 但都分布 在东部经济发达地区。处于中度协调和低度协调的绝大部分省市自治区都处于创新能力滞 后型。四大区域的耦合协调度呈现出东部地区>中部地区>东北地区>西部地区的特征。

At present, China’s economy has entered a new normal, with the economic growth rate changing from medium to high speed growth. However, many economic and social problems have emerged as a result of this rapid development, such as the ageing of the population and environmental pollution. Changing the traditional sloppy growth approach to one that relies on innovation as the core strategy for China’s economic development has become a necessary measure for China’s economic development under the new normal. Innovation is not only one of the factors determining regional competitiveness, it is also an engine of economic development and plays an important role in breaking the trap of middle-income countries. Combined with the characteristics of China’s current stage of economic development, new changes in innovation factors and innovation-driven transformation should be realized as soon as possible, leading China to achieve long-term sustainable economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the current situation of the coupled and coordinated development of the two and to study and analyze the relationship between them, which has important reference significance for regional economic development. Based on previous research, this paper constructs a regional innovation capacity evaluation system from three perspectives: innovation input, innovation output and innovation environment. The regional economic development evaluation system has been constructed in six dimensions: economic stability, economic efficiency, economic coordination, economic openness, economic sharing, and economic greenness. On this basis, the coupled and coordinated development of regional innovation capacity and regional economic development in 30 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of China were analyzed from four-time points, 2006, 2010, 2015, and 2020, using the coupled and coordinated degree model. The results show that the quadrant of the composite score of regional innovation capacity and regional economic development shows that most provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China are below the average level of regional innovation capacity and regional economic development. China’s overall coupling coordination is at a moderate level of coordination and is still far from the high coordination stage. The number of provinces at high and very high levels of coordination is small, but they are all located in the economically developed eastern regions. The vast majority of provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in the medium and low levels of coordination are in the lagging innovation capacity category. The coupling coordination of the four regions shows a characteristic of Eastern regions> Central regions> Northeast regions> Western regions.