Earticle

연구목적: 위험성평가의 전산시스템 구축을 통해 건설현장에서 위험성평가 대상 공종 근로자가 쉽게 작성할 수 있고 효율적 위험성평가 활동으로 재해 저감을 기대할 수 있는지의 사례 분석을 목적으로 한 다. 연구방법: 작업공종 분류만으로 해당작업의 위험요인과 안전대책을 제공받아 위험추정과 대책수 립을 할 수 있으며, 해당작업의 재해사례 제시로 실질적 재해예방 활동이 가능하도록 시스템을 구축하 였다. 연구결과: H건설사의 ERP내 위험성평가 전산시스템 구축 이후 현장적용에 따른 년간 환산재해 율 변화분석을 통해 국내 건설업의 환산재해율이 증가하는 반면 H건설사의 환산재해율은 감소하였음 을 확인하였다. 결론: 위험성평가 전산시스템화를 통해 현장작업 대상 근로자가 위험성평가에 쉽게 접 근할 수 있고 해당공정의 위험요인 평가 및 위험예방 대책의 수립이 가능하게 되어, 평가 기간 동안 실 제 재해율 감소에 영향이 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

Purpose: Through the establishment of a computerized system of risk assessment, the purpose is to analyze the case of whether the co-workers who are subject to the risk assessment at the construction site can easily fill it out and expect disaster reduction through efficient risk assessment activities. Method: By providing the risk factors and safety measures for the work by selecting the type of work, the risk estimation and the establishment of countermeasures can be made, and a system has been established to enable practical disaster prevention activities by presenting disaster cases for the work. Result: Through the analysis of the change in the scaled disaster rate for the years following the on-site application after the establishment of the risk assessment computer system of H Construction Company, it was confirmed that the scaled disaster rate of the domestic construction industry increased, while the conversion disaster rate of H Construction Company decreased. Conclusion: Through the computational systemization of risk assessments, workers in the field can easily access the risk assessment, evaluate the risk factors of the process and establish risk prevention measures, and it has been analyzed that there is an impact on the reduction of the disaster rate during the operational analysis period.

Along with the significance of information systems in today s global business operation, the significance of information systems control and audit is ever increasing in the effort to secure accuracy and integrity of vital business data. A study is undertaken to integrate Food and Drug Administration computerized systems validation regulations. Securities & Exchange Commission Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 200 and other significant regulations, and lastly, People Capability Maturity Model into one comprehensive information system validation model. The initial benefits to this comprehensive model are convenience, time-saving, and synchronization of the regulations. An organization that is striving for a high level of quality system in its essential operating areas of organization may opt for this model. After the complete development of the model, a field test would be scheduled to test its efficacy and validity.

Equipment and machine of industrial plant are give effect to mechanical-stress of many working-stop or long time operating. Therefore, to be old and decrepit of every king of equipment. As long time operating equipment period into increase conservation and of repair equipment time is efficacious necessity of utility factor gradually that of productivity of diminution and complete equipment expense of increase. Conservation at special skill working and necessity is that will effectually and complete a period prevention management diagnosis can conservation point at issues at in advance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the process and outcome of a mobile computerized system for individual home visiting healthcare. Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was employed for this study. The newly constructed system was administered to 80 healthcare providers in the experimental group for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: In the process stage, the difference in the frequency of computerized information usage between the experimental and control groups was significant as 8.88±3.20 and 7.08±2.92, respectively (t=3.90,p<.001). In the outcome evaluation stage, all kinds of healthy lifestyle such as alcohol use, nutrition, weight management and mental health were not improved. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the revised mobile computerized system was an effective device for individual visiting healthcare providers. Further advanced strategies for using this system should be developed and applied in a broad range of community healthcare.

To implement the concurrent CSS in Samsung Medical Center (SMC), we developed signals from the published literatures and evaluated them for identifying inpatients ADRs through ADRs signal-based retrospective reviews in 2004. From this study, we found preventable ADRs was 19~38% of total ADRs. Based on this result, preventable ADRs was focused on. The aims are to introduce the process of developing the concurrent CSS for preventing ADRs, signals, systems for ADRs reports in SMC and communication with clinicians and outcomes from the system during 6 months. The first signals were from the retrospective study in 2004, reevaluation of signals were required for using prospectively. From July 2005 after we modified them, we sent them to 7 physicians, members of ADR monitoring committee in SMC for reviewing, then revised again based on their opinions. Concurrent CSS was applied to Samsung Medical Information System (SMIS) for test at Sept. 2005, the signals were remodified and specified based on the alerted cases to increase the specificity. Finally 37 signals as potential indicators of ADRs were generated by this project. Also for reporting ADRs and for proper communication with clinicians, clinical system in SMIS were developed. During the 6 months, the alert system fired 3,073 times and 487 cases(16%) were classified as preventable ADRs. After notified physicians, 487 cases were reviewed by physicians, and positive predictive value (PPV) of this tool was 44%. ADRs incidence on inpatients is higher than outpatients(3:1). CSS can be used to identify opportunities to prevent or reduce patient injury associated with a preventable ADRs and increase patient safety, increase quality of drug therapy and decrease the extra-cost of the treatment for ADRs. This is the first study to evaluate a CSS prospectively with real-time intervention for reducing injury from a preventable ADRs in Korea. In the future, increasing utilization of this concurrent CSS should have an enormous beneficial impact on the quality of medical care.

A computerized surveillance system is the most recent tool to monitor, identify and prevent ADEs, based on alerts generated by matching signals such as abnormal lab data with electronic medical records (EMRs). Since this system has been proven to be simple and cost-effective in detecting ADEs, there is a growing trend towards routine application. The objectives of this study were to implement the system in Samsung Medical Center (SMC), a 1300-bed tertiary hospital, and evaluate its applicability and validity in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The retrospective analysis was performed using 1-month EMRs in 598 discharged patients from 2 ICUs and 5 general wards. Alerts as potential indicators of ADEs were generated by this system using our modified signals. Patient charts were carefully reviewed by clinical pharmacists to detect ADEs and to verify whether these ADEs were also recognized by the signals. A total of 718 alerts were generated by the system and 187 ADEs were detected by chart review. One hundred forty eight alerts were found to be associated with ADEs. The sensitivity of the modified signals for identifying ADEs was estimated to be 79.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.3~85.0) percent, and the estimated specificity was 29.2 (95% CI, 26.1~32.3) percent. The PPV and the NPV were 20.6 (95% CI, 17.7~23.6) percent and 85.8 (95% CI, 81.6~89.9) percent, respec tively. Our computerized surveillance system showed that the sensitivity value was higher (79.1% vs. ca 50%) and the specificity was lower (29.2% vs. ca 70~80%) than those reported in the literature. It would be necessary to further modify the signals to improve the specificity and rate of ADE detection. More studies will be needed to confirm the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of this system.

The purpose of antibiotic treatment is the eradication of microorganism from infection sites. To achieve the desired therapeutic effect, choosing the right amount of the proper antimicrobial agent and using it at the precise time is important. The National Police Hospital tried to manage the use of antimicrobial agent by creating a guideline for the antimicrobial remedy. The National Police Hospital has developed the CPOE system(computerized physician order entry system) which links the medicine master and introduced the program for restricted antimicrobial agents in July, 2008. This study was designed to evaluate the new system for antimicrobial agent of analyzing the total amount of antimicrobial administered, the proportion of the general antibiotics and the reserved antibiotics and the restricted antibiotics, the data of the permission program for application of the restricted antibiotics for 2 years (August, 2007-July, 2009). The results shows that the total amount of antimicrobial usage for 1 year decreased 7.3% compared with the year before appling the new system. In addition, the proportion of the restricted antibiotics decreased from 6.9% to 4.9%.

Many methods have been clinically applied for the occlusal contacts for diagnosis and analysis. However, none of these methods are quantitative. T-Scan system is considered as a computerized device capable to interpret occlusal contacts information quantitatively. This study describes the use of the T-Scan system to record and analyze tooth contact data by calculating strength and frequency of occlusal contacts. T-Scan recording was obtained during maximum intercuspation, edge to edge protrusion, right laterality and left laterality. At each position, the number of contact points and relative ratio of occlusal force were calculated. Because of the rapid and accurate ability of the T-Scan system to identify the distribution of the tooth contacts, it shows great promise as a clinical diagnostic screening device for occlusion.

A computerized chemotherapy order system (CCOS) was developed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of prescriptions for pharmacy medication scheduling at a teaching hospital, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. We evaluated the system by comparing prescriptions before and after the implementation of the system and by analyzing the effects of the system on dosing accuracy (only against 5-FU), prescription change, overdoses above maximum limit and medication disposal in non computerized program group (control group) and CCOS group. In terms of dosing accuracy, prescription error rate (%) was significantly decreased in CCOS groups compared with the control group. The rate of prescription changes was also significantly decreased in CCOS groups. Regarding overdoses above maximum limit, we found that there was no prescription order exceeding the dosage limit in CCOS groups in contrast to significant overdoses in control group. In terms of medication disposal, there was no significant difference between 2 groups. We suggest that the computerized chemotherapy order system for chemotherapy may bean important and useful tool for minimizing prescribing errors in the hospitals.

A rail track switching system has been designed to control railway track controlling devices including railway switches and signals within a given area from a single point. Such control is exercised through the use of various track circuits which detect the presence of trains on a particular track and monitor the train’s safety from a central room. The system secures the safety standards as well as economical and beneficial switch and signal control within a distance maintaining reliability, sensibility and precision. This research is based on microcontroller to reduce the complexity and cost. A low power dc motor is used as a track switching device. In the sensing unit photodiode is used for detecting IR radiation which ensures a reliable detection of trains’ entrance. A communication line communicates between the track switching device and main monitoring room. Total system can be monitored and visualize by a software which shows train’s position, operation mode and safety status. This system can work both automatically and manually and also can be controlled by the software from the main control room which gives the system more flexibility in operation.

In this study, we propose a computerized maintenance management system based on integration of reliability centered maintenance (RCM) and automated data gathering using multi-agent technology. The objective of the proposed system is to support decision-making of maintenance managers by providing up-to-date reliability assessment of facilities in automated manner. To do so, this system was integrated by the following S/W components; 1) a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) to record failure and maintenance history of facilities, 2) a multi-agent system (MAS) to automate data gathering to monitor condition of facilities in real time. A web based application was also developed, which analyzes failure patterns in order to provides reliability risk assessment such as expected remaining life of facilities, expected failure rates, and risk of parts to fail. A case study of implementing the proposed system in an automotive part production company was represented.

The purpose of this preliminary report was to describe the operating procedure of T-scan system and to identify the location, timing and force of occlusal contact in patient with normal occlusion using computerized T-scan system. From the preliminary observation , the author obtained the following results. 1. T-scan system displayed 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional description of occlusion: contact locations, timing (sequence) and forces of occlusal contacts. 2. The T-scan sensor was the most important part of the T-scan system. 3. The data of T-scan system cannot be stored in computer diskett. 4. The T-scan system is thought to be the most effective system to detect occlusal contacts and can be applied to the followings : occlusal diagnosis, occlusal equilibration, crown and bridge restorative procedures, denture adjustment, implant procedures, splint adjustment, laboratory procedures, periodontal treatment, orthodontics, TMJ treatment and patient education etc.

Background: This study aimed to determine the impact of complex decongestive therapy applications on upper extremity function in breast cancer patients who developed adhesive capsulitis after lymphedema. Methods: Thirty patients who developed adhesive capsulitis due to lymphedema were divided into two groups as study (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Both groups received 20 minutes of exercise five days a week for three weeks using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer, as well as a hot pack and TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) treatment to the shoulder joint. The study group received 45 minutes of intensive decongestive therapy along with the adhesive capsulitis treatment. The visual analogue scale was used to assess pain, circumference, and volumetric measurements were used to assess edema, and the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Problems Questionnaire (DASH: Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) was used to assess upper extremity functionality. The shoulder range of motion was evaluated. Results: Both groups had improvements in pain (P < 0.001), shoulder joint range of motion (P < 0.001), and upper extremity functionality (P < 0.001) after the treatment. There was a significant decrease in circumference and volumetric measurements in the study group (P < 0.001). However, no differences were seen in measurements in the control group. Conclusions: The results showed that complex decongestive therapy was beneficial in reducing lymphedema in breast cancer patients who acquired adhesive capsulitis due to lymphedema. Consequently, the authors believe that supplementing conventional physiotherapy with complex decongestive therapy will benefit patients.

변형 선다형 방식으로 명명된 새로운 컴퓨터화 검사가 소개되었다. 이 방식에서는 선다형 문항의 답지가 없이 먼저 질문만 제시되어 수험자가 스스로 답을 생각해내도록 한다. 수험자가 답을 할 준비가 되면 마우스를 클릭하여 답지 제시를 요청할 수 있는데, 답지는 미리 정해진 짧은 시간 동안만 제시되고 수험자는 그 시간 내에 답지 중 하나를 선택하여 반응한다. 본 연구에서는 이 시스템이 선다형의 약점으로 알려진 역행추리 즉, 답지를 이용하여 정답을 추측해내는 전략을 줄일 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 6학년 학생 177명을 이전 시험 결과에서의 평균에서 차이가 없게 두 집단으로 나눈 다음, 실험 집단은 새로운 방식으로 통제 집단은 선다형 방식으로 시험을 보도록 한 다음, 5일 후에 일부 문항을 단답형으로 다시 시험을 보게 하였다. 중간 본 시험에서의 반응을 고려하여 최종검사 점수를 분석한 결과, i) 선다형보다 새로운 방식으로 보았을 때 정답을 더 잘 유지하였으며, ii) 선다형보다 새로운 방식으로 시험을 보았을 때 전에 틀렸던 문항에서 더 적게 틀림을 발견하였다. 이 결과는 새로운 컴퓨터화 검사 방식이 역행추리를 줄이는데 효과적임을 시사한다.

A new computerized testing system, called the Computerized Multiple-choice Testing (CMMT) system, was introduced. In this system, questions of multiple choice (MC) items are presented first without options, so that students must generate answers for themselves. They can click for the options when they are ready, and can respond within a brief, specified time period. The present study was performed to examine whether this system is effective in reducing backward reasoning, I. e., using the options of MC items as cues to find the correct answer. One hundred and seventy-seven 6th grade students (12 year olds) were divided into two groups so that mean scores from a prior test were equal: The experimental group took an intervening computerized test in the new format, and the control group in the MC format. Five days after the computerized intervening test, a short answer paper-and-pencil final test was given. Testing effect was greater in the new system than in the MC system. Analysis of the final test response in relation to the intervening test response showed that i) the students retained the correct answer in the new system more than in the MC testing system, and that ii) students corrected their previous failures in the intervening CMMT format more than those in the MC format. These results suggest that the new system is effective in reducing backward reasoning.

This article presents safety review experience of microprocessor-based Interposing Logic System(ILS) of Engineering Safety Feature Actuation System(ESFAS). The ILS is the first application of computerized logic design to safety system in Korean nuclear power plants without verification of the system reliability by proven technology concept. As a result of evaluation for the ILS, Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety(KINS) concluded that the microprocessor-based ILS is not acceptable in some features detailed enough to defend against software common mode failures(CMF). Therefore, we required licensee to install hardwired interlock signal configuration and a Hardwired Backup Panel to control safety-related equipment. We believe that the microprocessor-based ILS with the hardwired backup panel and inter-connection of interlock signal by hardwired configuration will improve the plant safety.