Earticle

제리 포더의 표상적 계산주의에 의하면 인간 마음은 컴퓨터 프로그램이다. 인간 마음과 컴퓨터 프로그램 사이의 개념적 차이를 보이기 위해 제시된 사고 실험 중에는 존 써얼의 중 국어 방 논증과 네드 블락의 중국인 네트워크 논증이 있다. 이 두 논증을 종합하자면, 컴퓨 터 프로그램은 의식을 결여하고 본래적 지향성은 의식으로부터만 나오므로, 본래적 지향성 이 없는 컴퓨터 프로그램과 본래적 지향성이 있는 인간 마음은 같을 수 없다. 본 논문의 목 적은 이 두 논증이 각각 실패함을 보이는 것이다. 나는 우선 데니얼 데넷의 사고 실험을 이 용하여 본래적 지향성에 호소하지 않아도 인간 마음의 작동 방식을 설명하는 것이 가능함을 논증한다. 두 번째로 벤자민 리벳의 신경과학 실험을 통해 인간 마음의 인과적 작동과 의식 이 별개일 수 있음을 논증하여, 컴퓨터 프로그램으로 인간 마음을 만드는 것에 개념적 제약 이 없음을 보인다. 결론적으로 본 논문은 써얼과 블락의 반-계산주의 논증들으로부터 포더 의 표상적 계산주의를 방어한다.

According to Jerry Fodor’s representational computationalism, the human mind is a computer program. John Searle’s Chinese room argument and Ned Block’s Chinese network argument are philosophical thought experiments that attempt to show conceptual differences between the human mind and computer programs. According to these arguments, computer programs are in principle incapable of having consciousness and original intentionality requires consciousness, thus there is a genuine difference between computer programs with non-original intentionality and the human mind with original intentionality. The aim of this paper is to show that these two arguments fail respectively. I first appeal to a thought experiment of Daniel Dennett to argue that it is possible to give an explanation of how the human mind works without appealing to original intentionality. Secondly, in terms of Benjamin Libet’s neuroscience experiment, I argue that the causal understanding of how the human mind works is one thing and consciousness is another. These two arguments conjointly show that there is no conceptual restriction on which a computer program makes the human mind. Consequently, I defend Fodor’s representational computationalism from Searle’s and Block’s anti-computationalist arguments.

Objective: To develope the computer-assisted memory rehabilitation programs and to assess the effect of these programs in the patients with brain injury. Method: Ten memory training programs, which included verbal/non-verbal, sequential/ non-sequential, and visual/auditory memory properties were designed and converted to the computer program using C-language. The training program included various aspects of memory such as spatial memory, sequential verbal and nonverbal recall, associated recall, categorical memory, and integrated semantic memory. Each program used familiar pictures and sounds in our living situation to give the patients comfortable feelings and interests. Seven patients with brain injury were trained using the computer-assisted memory program 3 times per week for 4 weeks. All patients were assessed their cognitive function using Seoul Computerized Neuropsychological Test (Maxmedica) before and 1 month after the treatment. Results: Ten computer-associated memory training programs using C-language were successfully developed. The patients who were trained with computer-assisted memory programs showed higher performances in forward digit span, backward digit span, backward visual span, verbal learning, visual controlled continuous performance, auditory controlled continuous performance, and finger tapping tests after than before the treatment. Conclusion: The computer-assisted memory training can be used as an additional tool for memory rehabilitation in patients with brain injury.

The term ‘reverse engineering’ in the study herein indicates the behavior and process of apprehending the principle of development and of extracting the varied information, inclusive of the ideas and functional concepts at the computer program employed, by analyzing and investigating computer program in the form of object code through the disassembly and decompilation (of program codes particularly under the Korean copyright law), black box analysis with memory dump included, and manual analysis. Reverse engineering of a computer program, customarily carried out in the related industries, has served for interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs, error correction, and program improvement, etc, so that it could contribute to fostering industrial development and associated computer program technologies. Whilst it took a considerable amount of time and money for the computer program development, the analysis by way of reverse engineering requires relatively less time and money to be undertaken, which seems to pose challenges on enterprises that develop a computer program. Therefore, they have tried to prevent reverse engineering by the copyright law and the contract. And as the reproduction and translation may take place in the disassembly and decompilation process, the subparagraph 34 of article 2 of the copyright law defined the act of decompilation of program codes as reproduction and translation, and so the article 101-4 permitted reverse engineering by restricting the author’s property right concerning the reproduction and translation. According to the subparagraph 34 of article 2, the decompilation of program codes is allowed solely for the purpose of obtaining the information necessary to achieve interoperability (compatibility under copyright law). In this article, two of the points in controversy relating to decompilation of program codes are that the term ‘interoperability’ should be substituted for the term ‘compatibility’ and how copyright law and monopoly regulation and fair trade act are applied to acts of computer program users or computer program authors in order to ensure the interoperability of computer programs. Therefore, this study looks further into both the meaning of compatibility and interoperability and the interpretations on compatibility and their problems in copyright law, and then into the scope of information required for interoperability, the need of reverse engineering required to gain information for interoperability coupled with its limitations and possible restrictions to be imposed upon under the monopoly regulation and fair trade act.

17th of February this year saw the ruling of the Seoul Central District Court that Viber Media, Inc.(hereinafter called “Viber”) of Israel should not distribute its Viber application(hereinafter called “Viber App”) in Korea on account of infringing a patent relating to computer program. This case, involving SK Telecom’s patented invention “Mobile Communication Terminal Having Address Book Reorganizing Function for Instant Messenger Service, and Method for Reorganizing Address Book Using the Same”, deals with the claim of indirect infringement against the mobile communication terminal as well as the claim of indirect or direct infringement against the Method for Reorganizing Address Book of the said patented invention by Viber distributing Viber App in Korea. In response, the Court, on the assumption that Viber App is considered a product in that it is sotored on the apparatus or media, judged whether the distribution on internet of Viber App by Viber corresponded to indirect infringement under the law 127-1 with regard to mobile communication terminal. In this respect, there has been a considerable controversy about the Patentability of Computer Programs as the Product under the Patent Law In particular, on the motion of a National Assembly member Dong-Wan Kim on October 1, 2014 about a partial amendment proposal(Bill No. 11949) of patent law, the dispute about the Patentability of Computer Programs as the Product widened considerably. Therefore, this study delves into Examination Guidelines on computer software related inventions as well as legislation talks pertaining to computer software, and further into the Court’s ruling about the Patentability of Computer Programs as the Product to discuss whether Viber App is viewed as a product at this judgement, namely whether the computer program intended to be stored on media is to be appreciated as a product.

For a long time, computer programs has been unpatentable. However, nowadays, if the patent claim is in one of the forms of information processing system, information processing method or computer readable media, it can be awarded to invention regarding computer programs. Major countries in the world recognized that it is not enough that computer programs are protected by copyright, and adopted computer programs claim under some requirements. In other words, expression is protected by copyright law and idea is protected by patent law, and these make computer programs protected by both of them. This effectively makes unauthorized transmission of the patented computer programs impossible. In Korea, computer programs are protected under copyright law, but patent law does not allow computer program claim format and only adopts method or computer readable medium claim format, therefore it is controversial whether the online transmissions of software constitute patent infringements, while Japen patent law are enabling the remedies for patent infringements which occur in the online usage of patented software technologies, such as transmission of patented software through online or mobile platform. So, it is hard to say that Copyright is joining in the environmental change of the software industry and protects the software technology of the national software companies effectively. Online software market like App Store becomes commonplace and this fact creates a strong demand for the protection of the online deployment of computer programs. Now, there is no reason that does not adopt computer programs claim and it’s just time that the patentability of computer programs as the product in Patent Law should be allowed.

The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the computerized cognitive rehabilitation program in which areas and to suggest effective ways to utilize the program in the future, being conducted for 20 college students. We lasted this study from May 3 to 23, 2021. As a result of analyzing the groups using the Computer-based Cognitive Rehabilitation Program (CoTras), in terms of the difference in accuracy for the case of visual perception group B was statistically significantly improved than group C(p<0.05). In the case of attention, memory, and orientation, there was no significant difference between groups(p>0.05). In the case of reaction time difference, there was no significant difference between groups in visual perception, concentration, memory, and orientation(p>0.05). And in order to improve attention and visual perception, it is recommended to conduct the program three times with a duration of 20 minutes, and in order to improve orientation and memory, it can be said that it is helpful to conduct one experiment for at least 30 minutes rather than conducting short and frequent experiments. Through this study, we found that it is effective to apply different times according to each area to improve cognitive function. In other words, depending on the purpose of which cognitive function is to be improved, the duration of the program should be applied differently.

우리나라 중저준위 방사성폐기물 최종 처분시설인 월성원자력환경관리센터의 폐쇄 후 안전평가 컴퓨터 프로그램의 신뢰성확보를 위해 MASCOT와 검증프로그램으로 SAFE-ROCK와 GOLDSIM을 선정하여 정상시나리오에 대하여 안전평가를 수행하였다. 각 프로그램의 장단점을 비교/분석하였으며, 각 프로그램 별 구획 간의 선량 및 누출량을 평가하였다. 그 중 방사성핵종 129I와 3H가 MASCOT와 SAFE-ROCK 프로그램에서는 비슷한 경향을 보여주었지만, GOLDSIM 프로그램에서는 상이한결과를 나타냈다. 이는 각 프로그램의 근계지역 내 핵종이동방정식의 해석과정의 차이와 개별 프로그램의 한계로 인해 다른결과값을 보여주는 것으로 분석되었다. GOLDSIM 프로그램의 경우, 선원항 구획에서 초기 핵종누출량은 time-scale에 민감하게 반응한다는 사실도 확인할 수 있었다. 안전평가 프로그램은 처분환경에서 발생하는 핵종거동 및 이동에 대한 실제현상을 예측하기 위해 모델링을 거치지만, 전산프로그램의 특성과 실제현상에 대한 데이터가 제한적이므로 결과에 차이가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 차이점은 다양한 프로그램을 이용한 결과와 상호비교를 통해 알아내며 그 원인을 지속적으로 분석하는 연구개발과정을 필요로 하고 있다.

To ensure the reliability of computer programs used for the post-closure safety assessment in the Wolsong LILWCenter, the results from MASCOT, SAFE-ROCK and GOLDSIM programs are compared with a problem fordegradation. Advantages and disadvantages of each computer programs are individually analyzed. Effects on theindividual dose are assessed with each computer programs. MASCOT and SAFE-ROCK showed similar resultsfor 129I and 3H. However, GOLDSIM represented different results for 129I and 3H. It is analyzed further and comparedwith the fluxes in each barrier of the disposal system. Througout the benchmarking testing of the computerprogram, the limitation of computer program can be continuously found out for the mature post-closure safety ofKorean radwaste disposal system.

A computer program called LAMPRO has been developed for use by the Australian meat industry to assist with the pricing of lamb carcasses. Based on a series of prediction equations and accounting for the cost structure of a meat processor the program allows the real value of a carcass to be established. The concept has also been extended to cater for mutton carcasses destined for either domestic or export markets incorporated in a program called MUTONPRO.

We used SAS program in statistics class as a plan to increase effect of class. Because lease cost of SAS program is high and low-level students felt difficulty of the syntax of SAS program, I planned to introduce other instruction-software. We observe whether it's O.K. to use Excel instead of SAS program and Excel is helpful in having positive attitudes. We try to compare and analyze the merits of two programs. The purpose of this study is to apply Excel to statistics class, cut down the cost of instruction-software, and make students understand statistics more conveniently and easily.

The purpose of this paper is to present a rational method for analyzing, designing, or evaluating the spread mooring systems used with floating drilling units. This paper presents a validated model to calculate the catenary static configuration. A semi-resolution approach is presented in this paper that is capable of predicting the static performance of a caisson mooring system. The solution is derived as a function of only three parameters, which can be solved numerically by implementing different kinds of boundary conditions. The efficiency and accuracy of the method permit quick parametric studies for the optimal selection of the system particle, which is undoubtedly useful for a preliminary design. A number of numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the adopted approach. The paper contains a complete description of the test cases and reports the results in such a way that it can provide a "benchmark" test for users and programmers of computer codes for flexible riser analysis.

In a response to a lack of mathematics computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs with the critical instructional features for students with learning disabilities (LD), this study identified the critical instructional design features of mathematics CAI programs for students with LD and developed multimedia software, Math Explorer, to demonstrate an example of how mathematics CAI programs can be designed and developed for students with LD by incorporating those identified features. Each of the critical instructional design features was illustrated with the corresponding screen captures of Math Explorer. Implications for practice and future mathematics CAI studies in mathematics for students with LD were discussed.

본 논문에서는 프로세서 중심 컴퓨터 구조에서 개발된 MPI 병렬 프로그램을 수정하지 않고 메모리 중심 컴퓨터 구조에서 더 효율적으로 수행시키는 기술을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 기술은 메모리 중심 컴퓨터 구조가 가지는 빠른 대용량 공유 메모리 특징을 이용하여 MPI 표준 라이브러리 함수가 수행하는 네트워크 통신을 통한 느린 데이터 전달을 공유 메모리를 통한 빠른 데이터 전달로 대체하여 효율성을 얻는다. 본 연구에서 제안한 기술은 두 개의 프로그램에 구현되었다. 첫 번째 프로그램은 MC-MPI-LIB라고 불리는 수정된 MPI 라이브러리인데 이는 기존 MPI 표준 라이브러리 함수의 의미를 유지하면서 메모리 중심 컴퓨터 구조에서 더 효율적으로 수행한다. 두 번째 프로그램은 MC-MPI-SIM이라고 불리는 시뮬레이션 프로그램인데 이는 프로세서 중심 컴퓨터 구조 상에서 메모리 중심 컴퓨터 구조의 수행을 시뮬레이션한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 기술은 도커 가상화 상에서 구현된 분산 시스템 환경에서 개발하고 시험하였다. 다수의 MPI 병렬 프로그램을 이용하여 제안한 기술의 성능을 측정한 결과 메모리 중심 컴퓨터 구조에서 더 높은 성능으로 수행 가능함을 보였으며, 특히 통신 오버헤드 비율이 높은 MPI 병렬 프로그램의 경우 매우 높은 성능으로 수행 가능하다는 점을 확인하였다.

In this paper, we present a technique that executes MPI parallel programs, that are developed on processor-centric computer architecture, more efficiently on memory-centric computer architecture without program modification. The technique we present here improves performance by replacing low-speed data communication over the network of MPI library functions with high-speed data communication using the property called fast large shared memory of memory-centric computer architecture. The technique we present in the paper is implemented in two programs. The first program is a modified MPI library called MC-MPI-LIB that runs MPI parallel programs more efficiently on memory-centric computer architecture preserving the semantics of MPI library functions. The second program is a simulation program called MC-MPI-SIM that simulates the performance of memory-centric computer architecture on processor-centric computer architecture. We developed and tested the programs on distributed systems environment deployed on Docker based virtualization. We analyzed the performance of several MPI parallel programs and showed that we achieved better performance on memory-centric computer architecture. Especially we could see very high performance on the MPI parallel programs with high communication overhead.

현재 미국에서 컴퓨터 디자인(Computer aided design)은 의류산업과 의류학 교육에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그러나 한국내 의류학관련 학과에서의 CAD의 도입은 아직 초기 단계에 불과하다. 이에 본 연구는 미국내 대학을 중심으로 의류학관련 학과에서의 전반적인 CAD 교육 경향을 조사 분석하여 실질적인 자료와 국내 의류학관련 학과의 CAD 교육의 나아갈 방향을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 1993년 5월, 총 19문항의 질문지가 124개 대학 의류학관련 학과에 우편으로 배포되었으며 71부가 회수되어 57%의 회수율을 나타내었다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사 대상(71개 학교)중 56%가 CAD를 커리큘럼에 포함시켰다. 특히 의상디자인 전공을 가진 학과의 79%가 CAD를 도입하여, 의상디자인 전공이 없는 학과(28%가 CAD를 도입)보다 그 비율이 훨씬 높았다. 의류학 교육에서 CAD의 도입은 1988년 이후 급격한 증가 추세를 보였으며, 대부분의 강의는 의류학분야 교수진에 의해, 의류학과 시설물내에서 이루어졌다. CAD를 독립된 과목으로 강의하는 경우 대부분 필수과목으로서 한 학기 코오스가 많았으며 3학년부터 시작되었다. CAD를 다른 의류학 과목에 포함시켜 일부분으로 강의할 경우 영역 별로는 복식 의장학 분야의 과목에, 시간 별로는 한 학기 중 "몇 주" 정도로 가르치는 경우가 가장 많았다. 전체 CAD 강의에서 다루는 주제로는 패턴 메이킹이 가장 많이 차지하였으며 그 다음에는 패턴 그레이딩, 마커 메이킹, 직물/패턴 디자인, 패션 일러스트레이션, 의상디자인 순이며 스토어 레이아웃 상품전시 및 디스플레이 계획이 가장 적었다. 본 연구 결과는 현재 CAD를 강의하고 있거나 앞으로 CAD를 커리큘럼에 도입하려는 한국 의류학 분야 교육자에게 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 논문에서는 백두산 화산 분출시 화산재의 확산이 한반도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 화산재 확산을 계산하는 프로그램인 Puff, Fall3D, Tephra 모델에 대해 연구하였다. 연구에서 세 가지 프로그램의 구성 및 설치환경, 기본적인 특성파악 및 장단점을 분석하였으며, 모델링을 위한 입력조건을 비교하고 각 모델의 계산 결과에 대해 테스트하였다.

【Abstract】 Legal Protection of Computer Programs Hyeon, Dae-Ho In this article the author traces the ways of improving the protection of computer programs under the Copyright Act. The key points concerning the improvement plan of Computer Programs Protection Act are as follows. First, it is important to initiate criminal prosecution without a formal complaint, when a person infringes computer programs for commercial purposes as stated in the 2006 Copyright Act. Second, it is required to make an express provision on the exclusive right of computer program works, also to invalidate contracts(such as allowing the protection of a backup copies of the software, reverse engineering) that breach mandatory provisions. Third, it is also necessary to establish the right to request necessary expense and transfer reproductions, as well as, the right to request the disposal of the objects in violation. Fourth, Article 32 (3) of Computer Program Protection Act should be into a provision that stipulates the restitution for unjust enrichment of the offender.

우리나라 중저준위 방사성폐기물 최종 처분시설인 월성원자력환경관리센터의 폐쇄 후 안전평가 컴퓨터 프로그램의 신뢰성 확보를 위해 MASCOT와 검증프로그램으로 SAFE-ROCK와 GOLDSIM을 선정하여 정상시나리오에 대하여 안전평가를 수행하였다. 각 프로그램의 장단점을 비교/분석하였으며, 각 프로그램 별 구획 간의 선량 및 누출량을 평가하였다. 그 중 방사성핵종 $^{129}I$와 $^3H$가 MASCOT와 SAFE-ROCK 프로그램에서는 비슷한 경향을 보여주었지만, GOLDSIM 프로그램에서는 상이한 결과를 나타냈다. 이는 각 프로그램의 근계지역 내 핵종이동방정식의 해석과정의 차이와 개별 프로그램의 한계로 인해 다른 결과값을 보여주는 것으로 분석되었다. GOLDSIM 프로그램의 경우, 선원항 구획에서 초기 핵종누출량은 time-scale에 민감하게 반응한다는 사실도 확인할 수 있었다. 안전평가 프로그램은 처분환경에서 발생하는 핵종거동 및 이동에 대한 실제현상을 예측하기 위해 모델링을 거치지만, 전산프로그램의 특성과 실제현상에 대한 데이터가 제한적이므로 결과에 차이가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 차이점은 다양한 프로그램을 이용한 결과와 상호비교를 통해 알아내며 그 원인을 지속적으로 분석하는 연구개발과정을 필요로 하고 있다.

To ensure the reliability of computer programs used for the post-closure safety assessment in the Wolsong LILW Center, the results from MASCOT, SAFE-ROCK and GOLDSIM programs are compared with a problem for degradation. Advantages and disadvantages of each computer programs are individually analyzed. Effects on the individual dose are assessed with each computer programs. MASCOT and SAFE-ROCK showed similar results for $^{129}I$ and $^3H$. However, GOLDSIM represented different results for $^{129}I$ and $^3H$. It is analyzed further and compared with the fluxes in each barrier of the disposal system. Througout the benchmarking testing of the computer program, the limitation of computer program can be continuously found out for the mature post-closure safety of Korean radwaste disposal system.