Earticle

최근 들어 철도는 교통수단 중 가장 안전하고 빠른 접근성의 이유로 가장 선호하는 교통수단으로 인식하고 있으며, 이로 인해 ‘기관차 드론운전 시스템’ 및 ‘초고속 튜브트레인’ 개발 등 철도기술이 지속적으로 발전하고 있다. 하지만 인적․물적 오류 및 자 연재해를 통한 철도사고는 수많은 인명 피해 및 물적 손해가 발행하고 있다. 지난 2018년 11월 오송역 단전사고 및 강릉선 탈선 사고를 통해 철도사고에 대한 대처 미흡과 안전점검 시스템체계의 불안정에 대한 오류를 발견하였으면 이용자에게는 철도안전 에 대한 이미지 회손을 불러왔다. 과거 수많은 경험과 노력으로 철도관련법과 철도안전관리체계를 마련하였지만 다양한 자연․ 산업재해 유형과 급속한 철도시스템의 발전으로 기존의 법과 안전관리체계가 따라가고 있지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존의 철도안전관리체계와 기업재난관리표준과의 비교연구를 통하여 철도안전관리체계의 보완점과 제시하고자 한다.

본 연구는 2022 개정 교육과정의 디지털 기초 소양 및 컴퓨팅 사고력 증진 요구에 부응하여 프롬프트 엔지니어링 활용 초등 소프트웨어 교육 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. ADDIE 모형을 기반으로 개발된 17차시 프로그램은 Gemini와 엔트리를 연계하여 실생활 문제를 해결하도록 구성되었다. 연구 결과, 본 프로그램은 초등학생의 CT 향상에 유의미한 효과를 미쳤으며 특히 문제를 핵심 요소로 분해하는 추상화 역량과 AI 산출물을 비판적으로 검토·수정하는 자동화 역량이 정교화되었다. 또한 기술을 능동적으로 제어하는 과정에서 창의·융합적 역량의 발현 가능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 프롬프팅을 단순 도구 활용을 넘어 고차원적 사고 체계를 형성하는 사고의 과정으로 정의하고 초등 SW 교육의 새로운 방향성을 제시한 데 의의가 있다.

This study developed an elementary SW education program utilizing prompt engineering and analyzed its effectiveness in cultivating digital foundational literacy and enhancing computational thinking(CT) aimed for by the 2022 Revised Curriculum. Based on the ADDIE model, the 17-session program integrated Gemini and Entry to solve real-world problems. The results indicated that the program significantly improved elementary students' CT. Specifically, the processes of abstraction(structuring problems into core elements) and automation(reviewing and refining AI outputs) were further elaborated. Furthermore, it demonstrated the potential for developing creative and integrative competencies as students actively controlled technology to suit their purposes rather than passively accepting it. In conclusion, this study defines prompt engineering as a "process of thinking" and presents a direction for elementary SW education that forms high-level cognitive systems beyond simple tool usage.

인공지능 기술의 확산은 학교 교육에서 인공지능 교육의 필요성을 더욱 부각시키고 있다. 교육부는 놀이·체험 중심 학습을 초등 인공지능 교육의 핵심 방향으로 제시하였으며, 2022 개정 교육과정에서는 인공지능을 활용한 실생활 문제 해결 역량과 창의적 사고 역량 함양을 강조하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 노벨엔지니어링 기반의 학생 체험 중심 인공지능융합교육 프로그램을 개발·적용하고자 하였다. PDIE 모형에 따라 총 10차시로 설계하였으며, 인공지능 교육 플랫폼 엔트리를 활용하여 구현하였다. 초등학교 6학년 학생을 대상으로 적용한 결과, 인공지능 리터러시와 컴퓨팅사고력에서 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 나타나 본 프로그램의 교육적 효과와 현장 적용 가능성을 확인하였다.

The expansion of AI technologies has underscored the need for AI education in schools. The 2022 revi sed curriculum emphasizes play- and experience-based learning to foster real-life problem-solving and cr eative thinking skills using AI. Accordingly, this study developed and implemented an AI convergence pr ogram based on a student-centered Novel Engineering approach, designed under the PDIE model and deli vered in ten sessions using the Entry AI platform. The program was applied to sixth-grade elementary s tudents. Results revealed statistically significant improvements in AI literacy and computational thinking, demonstrating the program’s effectiveness and its applicability in elementary school settings.

High Performance Computer (also called "supercomputer") is a computer which can process the complex and large-scale operation in computational science. In general, High Performance Computer represents the top 500 computers which is based on the computer performance in the world. After the successful commercialization of CDC6600 which has the 9MFLOPS performance in 1964, TFLOPS and PFLOPS High Performance Computer have been developed. High Performance Computer is the public resource which can be developed and provided by government. For the efficient application of High Performance Computer, government has to support the related activities such as research, resource allocation, and professional manpower training. To build a basis of the development of High Performance Computing can improve the quality of life and develop the national economy. For this reason, Korean government preceded the establishment of law for national supercomputing promotion from 2009. As a result of this effort, Korean government enacted the 'National Supercomputing Promotion Act' in 2011. This study provides the domestic and international trend of High Performance Computer, and analyses the major contents of National Supercomputing Promotion Act. This effort will be helpful to propose the strategy in order to provide more efficient service as a momentum of national supercomputing center.

Through the processes of natural selection and co-option, nature has crafted an astounding array of protein designs with a remarkable repertoire of functions ranging from catalysis to signaling and regulation. A growing list of biotechnology needs for proteins with altered cofactor/substrate specificities, improved/modified functionalities or activities are creating an ever expanding compilation of protein design challenges. Two separate tracks of computational methods will be described depending on the presence or absence of detailed structural information. The first track of methods will concentrate on the design of a known protein structure to introduce an improved or completely novel function such as affinity for a cofactor, substrate, or small molecule (ligand). This will be accomplished by either modifying the existing active site (i.e., redesign) to bring about an altered functionality or by introducing a completely new active site into the fold when a novel functionality is sought. Computations will be first tested by altering the effector binding specificity of the bacterial transcriptional regulatory protein AraC to molecules other than L-arabinose and by grafting a calcium binding pocket onto a cell adhesion protein. The second track of methods will focus on protein design challenges when detailed structural information is absent and limited information is available regarding residue contacts or function. Instead, only the sequences of protein family members are available. In such instances, protein design efforts typically rely on the high throughput screening of large combinatorial libraries generated by accumulating single point mutations and/or recombination events. Here, scoring functions will be put forth and computations will be used to identify the optimal pattern of point mutations and/or recombination events that are likely to maximize functional enrichment in a combinatorial protein library of a pre-specified size. We will benchmark the efficiency of all computational methods by comparing their performance on P450 and beta-lactamase libraries.

It is needless to say that the computer and/or computational engineering has contributed much to the development of the earthquake engineering such as seismic design of structures in providing good tools to researchers and engineers. However, it has been also pointed out that the proper selection of numerical analysis and/or computer program is very important for engineers in utilizing it in the design of structures, because a numerical analysis method is based upon its own coverage. A rigorous analysis does not always gives a correct solution in a sence of engineering or of structural safety, but, some times, it gives mathematically rigorous but unrealistic solution. Therefore, numerical analysis should be performed with engineering judgement or experiments specially in the field of earthquake engineering because this field has large uncertainties on predicting the effect of earthquake on structures. This paper is based on the presented paper at the Bertero Symposium held in January 31an4 February 1 at Berkeley, California, USA which was entitled "Needs to Evaluate Real Seismic Performance of Buildings-Lessons from 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake-". The lessons for buildings from the damage due to the Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake are necessity to develop more rational seismic design codes based upon a performance-based design concept, and to evaluate seismic performance of existing buildings. In my keynote lecture at the Korean Association for Computational Structural Engineering, the history of seismic design and use of structural analysis in Japan, the lessons for buildings from the Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, the building damage due to the earthquake, the reasons why the seismic retrofit has not been implemented much, the responses to the lessons from the earthquake, the Network Committee for promotion of seismic retrofit of buildings, the Law for promotion of seismic retrofit of buildings and the implementation of seismic retrofit in Japan are presented.

Electronic structure calculations have become a powerful foundation for computational materials engineering. Four major factors have enabled this unprecedented evolution, namely (i) the development of density functional theory (DFT), (ii) the creation of highly efficient computer programs to solve the Kohn-Sham equations, (iii) the integration of these programs into productivity-oriented computational environments, and (iv) the phenomenal increase of computing power. In this context, we describe recent applications of the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) within the MedeA$^{(R)}$ computational environment, which provides interoperability with a comprehensive range of modeling and simulation tools. The focus is on technological applications including microelectronic materials, Li-ion batteries, high-performance ceramics, silicon carbide, and Zr alloys for nuclear power generation. A discussion of current trends including high-throughput calculations concludes this article.

Compounds of polyketide origin possess a wealth of pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticancer and immunosuppressive activities. Many of these compounds and their semisynthetic derivatives are used today in the clinic. Most of the gene clusters encoding commercially important drugs have also been cloned and sequenced and their biosynthetic mechanisms studied in great detail. The area of biosynthetic engineering of the enzymes involved in polyketide biosynthesis has recently advanced and been transferred into the industrial arena. In this work, we introduce a computational system to provide the user with a wealth of information that can be utilized for biosynthetic engineering of enzymes involved in post-PKS tailoring steps. Post-PKS tailoring steps are necessary to add functional groups essential for the biological activity and are therefore important in polyketide biosynthesis.

Approaches to several recent issues in the operation of nuclear power plants using computational intelligence are discussed. These issues include 1) noise analysis techniques, 2) on-line monitoring and sensor validation, 3) regularization of ill-posed surveillance and diagnostic measurements, 4) transient identification, 5) artificial intelligence-based core monitoring and diagnostic system, 6) continuous efficiency improvement of nuclear power plants, and 7) autonomous anticipatory control and intelligent-agents. Several changes to the focus of Computational Intelligence in Nuclear Engineering have occurred in the past few years. With earlier activities focusing on the development of condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques for current nuclear power plants, recent activities have focused on the implementation of those methods and the development of methods for next generation plants and space reactors. These advanced techniques are expected to become increasingly important as current generation nuclear power plants have their licenses extended to 60 years and next generation reactors are being designed to operate for extended fuel cycles (up to 25 years), with less operator oversight, and especially for nuclear plants operating in severe environments such as space or ice-bound locations.

Computational structural engineering is the base on which most of the achievements of engineering and physics are built. Since most of the theory underlying physical phenomena is involved differential equations for which closed forms of solution are seldom possible, the numerical approximation is necessary for a quantitative solution. Some areas where progress and research on computational mechanics are currently active are discussed. In the first part of this paper the development of the improved non-conforming elements for the analysis of plates and shells is described. Recent developments in the adaptive analysis for the structural and the wind problem and meshless method are also discussed in the second part.

2018년 현재 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI)은 계산과학공학 플랫폼 기반으로 온라인 시뮬레이션이 가능한 EDISON(EDucation-research Integration through Simulation On the Net) 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 해당 플랫폼 서비스는 7개 전문분야(전산의학, 전산설계, 전산열유체, 구조동역학, 계산화학, 나노물리, 도시환경)의 학생 및 연구자들이 학습 및 시뮬레이션을 실행하고 결과를 활용할 수 있도록 지원하고 있다. 하지만 EDISON 플랫폼은 시뮬레이션 서비스에 초점을 맞춰 개발과 서비스를 제공했기 때문에 국내외 MOOC(Massive Open Online Course) 서비스들에 비해 아직 교육 콘텐츠가 부족하다. 그리하여 본 논문에서는 계산과학공학 플랫폼에 교육 콘텐츠를 체계적으로 제공하기 위한 커리큘럼 서비스를 설계 및 제안하였다.

2018년 현재 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI)은 계산과학공학 플랫폼 기반으로 온라인 시뮬레이션이 가능한 EDISON(EDucation-research Integration through Simulation On the Net) 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 해당 플랫폼 서비스는 7개 전문분야(전산의학, 전산설계, 전산열유체, 구조동역학, 계산화학, 나노물리, 도시환경)의 학생 및 연구자들이 학습 및 시뮬레이션을 실행하고 결과를 활용할 수 있도록 지원하고 있다. 하지만 EDISON 플랫폼은 시뮬레이션 서비스에 초점을 맞춰 개발과 서비스를 제공했기 때문에 국내외 MOOC(Massive Open Online Course) 서비스들에 비해 아직 교육 콘텐츠가 부족하다. 그리하여 본 논문에서는 계산과학공학 플랫폼에 교육 콘텐츠를 체계적으로 제공하기 위한 커리큘럼 서비스를 설계 및 제안하였다.

In this study, the current progress in computational structural engineering and research trends are discussed. The development of new finite elements, error analysis and adaptive mesh generation, material constitutive model, boundary element methods, structural optimal design, hardware/software, AI application and expert systems are particularly emphasized. The rapid development in computer technologies provides good environment for the technical advancement in computational structural engineering.

The concept of VDD(Virtual Design & Development) based on high performance computing technology is introduced. The whole process of design and development could be carried out in cyber space through VDD technology in which high-precision simulation technology is combined with virtual reality technology. Therefore, time for design and development of a new product can be shorten and quality of product can be also improved. However, efficient simulation technology must be developed and appropriate supercomputing system must be available to realize VDD technology. In this work, several technologies for obtaining cost-effective supercomputing systems for VDD technology are introduced and investigated. The detail informations about optimization technology for PC(Personal Computer) computing, clustering technology, Internet Supercomputing technology, and Piggyback technology are provided and numerical results are also presented.

누리온 시스템은 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 국가슈퍼컴퓨팅센터에서 2018년 5번째로 구축하여 운영하고 있는 슈퍼컴퓨터이다. 본 논문에서는 전산구조공학 분야에서 많이 활용되고 있는 ABAQUS, NASTRAN 등과 같은 응용소프트웨어를 누리온 시스템에서 활용하기 위한 방법을 소개하고 간단한 전산구조공학 모델을 누리온 시스템과 기존에 운영되었던 슈퍼컴퓨터 4호기 신바람 시스템에서 ABAQUS를 이용하여 분석하고 성능을 비교한다.

This paper presents the high order conservative interpolation methods. This method has been successfully implemented into a cell-centered finite volume methods code. Results using high order and maintaining conservation interpolation method are more accurate compared to bilinear interpolation.

Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) was applied to predict air flow around the hoods : circular hoods, square hoods, and push-pull hoods. A commercially available CFD software, CFD-ACE(Ver. 4.0), was tested, which is based on the finite volume method using the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. Numerical results were compared with the experimental, analytical and numerical results from other studies. CFD solutions showed an excellent agreement with the previous experimental and numerical results. It is promising that CFD techniques could be applied on the variety of complex problems in the industrial ventilation engineering.