Earticle

이 논문에서는 OECD의 유보통합 동향과 주요 요소별 완전·부분통합 현황에 대해 알아본 다음, 완전통합국과 부분통합국으로 나누어 요소별 유보통합 동향에 대해 살펴보았다. 그 결과 세계 주요국에서는 각 나라 실정에 맞는 유보통합 또는 이원화 체제 를 통해 저출산 문제를 해결하고, 영유아기 교육·보육의 차별 화를 없애기 위한 균등한 교육의 기회를 부여하고자 한 것을 알 수 있었다. 세계 주요국의 유보통합 동향은 저출산국을 넘어 이제는 초저출산국이 된 우리나라 현실에 맞는 유보통합 방안 의 도출에 많은 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 무엇보다도 출산율을 높이기 위해서는 부모들의 일과 가정이 양립할 수 있는 사회적 분위기 조성과 생애초기 영유아의 균등한 교육기회 부여를 위 한 정책이 현실화될 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다. 이를 통해 보 육기관과 유아교육기관 사이의 간극을 최소화하고, 사교육 억제 로 학부모들의 교육비 부담을 줄일 필요가 있다. 또한 교육의 질을 담보로 하는 보육교사와 유아교육교사 간의 처우 및 학력 차이를 없앨 수 있도록 자격기준과 급여체계를 상향 평준화하 는 것이 급선무라 할 수 있다.

In this study, I have investigated the trends of OECD countries' Early Childhood Education and Care(ECEC) and the current status of complete· and partial integration of ECEC by major elements, and selected major countries among the completely united nations and partially united nations to analyze the current situation of complete integration and partial integration by factors. As a result, it was found that in the major countries of the world, the problem of declining fertility rate were solved by integrated ECEC and dual system that suits the situation of each country. Also, equal educational opportunities were provided to eliminate the discrimination between day-care center and kindergarten. These trends have many implications as a way to seek birth encouragement policy that fits the reality of South Korea, which has become the country with ultra-low fertility beyond low fertility rate. Above all, in order to increase the birth rate, the policy of creating a social atmosphere where parents can balance work and family life which will equalize children's educational opportunities should be actualized. Therefore, private education must be stopped so as to minimize the gap between day-care centers and kindergartens and reduce the burden of parental education costs. Furthermore, in order to guarantee the quality of education, there is an urgent need to raise the standards of teacher qualification and salary system to reduce the educational background difference between day-care center teacher and kindergarten teacher.

This paper aims to examine the development of the concept of “ming(命)” in the the texts of Daoist inner alchemy(neidan, 內丹) after the establishment of the Complete Perfection School(全眞敎). Especially, this paper focuses on the writings of representative inner alchemy thinkers of the post-integration period of Southern and Northern Schools of inner alchemy to examine how the concept of “ming” was developed and reinterpreted in the theoretical system of “xing–ming(性命)”. Among them, the works of thinkers who have systematically explained inner alchemy theories and cultivation methods, such as Lee Daochun(李道純), Wang Daoyuan(王道淵), and Yu Ilming(劉一明), are the main texts. Also some relevant texts of the pre-integration period or the Southern and Northern Schools are examined as necessary. In the inner alchemy works, “ming” always appears as a companion word for “xing(性)”, and “Joint Cultivation of Nature and Vital forces(性命雙修)” is a core theme of the cultivation theories of the inner alchemy. The word “ming(命)” in the inner alchemy texts is often interpreted as the physical body in contrast with “xing(性)”, which refers to the spirit. However, “ming” has various and complicated meanings that can not simply be interpreted as the term like physical body. This paper aims to reveal the complex and multi-layered meanings of “ming” in the works of the inner alchemy. In addition, this paper examines how the concept of “ming” encountered and had a dialogue with Zen Buddhism and Neo Confucianism in its development, and how it acquired its conceptual uniqueness and ideological depth.

하악 무치악을 가진 72세 여성에서 안면, 치아 및 콘빔 컴퓨터 단층촬영의 3D 데이터 파일을 치과용 캐드 프로그램에 정렬하여 가상 환자를 생성하여 치료한 증례이다. 이상적인 진단 디자인을 반영하기 위해 밀링 및 3D 프린팅 기술을 사용하여 임시 수복물을 제작했다. 이어서 하악골에 4개의 임플란트를 식립하고 구강 내 스캔 방법을 사용하여 고정성 임플란트 잠정 수복물을 제작했다. 마지막으로 더블 스캔 기법과 하악 움직임 트래킹을 사용하여 고정성 전악보철을 완성하였다.

This case report details the diagnostic design process for a 72-year-old woman with an edentulous mandible, which was achieved by creating a virtual patient. The 3D data files, which included facial, dental, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, were then aligned using dental computer-aided design (CAD) software. A provisional restoration was fabricated using milling and 3D printing technologies to reflect the ideal diagnostic design. Following this, four implants were placed in the mandible, and an intraoral scan method was used to fabricate fixed provisional implant restorations. Finally, definitive full fixed-type prostheses were fabricated using the double scan technique and jaw motion tracking.