Earticle

본 논문은 지역 주민들의 일상 생활에서의 연속적인 위험지도 작성을 지원하는 시스템의 설계 및 시범 개발을 기술한다. 우리는 일본 사가현의 전통 마을 모델에서 인터뷰 설문 조사를 실시하여 시스템을 설계하였다. 결과는 지속적인 노력에도 불구하고 많은 실질적인 문제가 남아 있으며 주민들이 안전하지 않다고 느끼고 있음을 보여준다. 이러한 결과를 고려하여 지역 기반의 방재 및 저감에 기여하는 독자적인 정보통신기술 기반 지원 시스템을 설계, 개발하였습니다. 지속적 인 주민 참여 및 게시 디자인은 커뮤니티 기반 접근 방식의 핵심 개념입니다. 우리 시스템은 지역 사회 기반 위험 정보를 통합함으로써 위험지도를 계속 작성하도록 지원합니다. 지역 주민은 재해로 위험 할 수 있는 위치에 대한 정보 (재난 유형, 위험 수준, 사진, 의견, 위치 정보)를 등록합니다. 또한 웹 서버를 통한 정보 공유가 가능합니다. 이 정보 공유를 통해 각 지역의 지역 위험 정보를 사용할 수 있게 될 것으로 기대한다.

This paper describes the design and trial development of a system that supports continuous hazard mapping by local residents in their daily life. We performed an interview survey to design our system in a model traditional town in Saga Prefecture, Japan. The results show that despite continued efforts, many practical problems remain and residents feel unsafe. Considering these results, we designed and developed a unique information and communication technology-based support system that contributes to community-based disaster prevention and reduction. The continuous resident participation and posting design are the core concept for our community-based approach. Our system continues to support making a hazard map by integrating the community-based hazard information. Local residents register information (disaster types, risk level, photographs, comments, positional information) about locations that could be dangerous in a disaster. In addition, our system enables information sharing through a Web server. We expect that this information sharing will allow local hazard information for each district to be used.

본 연구는 지역 커뮤니티와 연계하여 운영된 청소년 뮤지컬 교육 프로그램의 실행 사례를 분석하고, 그 교육적 효과와 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 청소년기는 정체성과 사회성을 형성해 가는 중요한 시기로, 감정 표현과 공동체 경험이 가능한 예술교육은 이 시기의 발달 과업을 지원하는 효과적인 수단이 된다. 특히 뮤지컬은 음악, 연기, 안무가 통합된 예술 형식으로, 청소년의 자기 표현력 증진, 협업 능력 향상, 진로 탐색 자극 등 다면적 교육 효과를 기대할 수 있는 장르이다. 본 연구는 수도권 지역의 청소년 기관들과 민간 예술단체가 협력하여 약 4개월간 공동 운영한 뮤지컬 교육 프로그램을 사례로 삼아, 교육과정 운영 구조, 실습 및 공연 중심의 통합예술교육 방식, 참여자 피드백 등을 중심으로 질적 사례 분석을 수행하였다. 교육은 프로젝트 기반 학습으로 구성되었으며, 지역 커뮤니티 기반 공연 공간을 활용하여 실기 수업과 무대 실현이 연계된 구조로 진행되었다. 분석 결과, 본 프로그램은 청소년들에게 자기표현의 기회와 예술적 몰입의 경험을 제공하였으며, 또래와의 협업을 통해 공동체적 유대감과 책임감을 형성하는 긍정적 교육 효과를 나타냈다. 일부 참여자는 공연 기술과 예술 직무군에 대한 관심을 드러내며 진로 탐색의 가능성을 확인하였고, 강사진과 실무진은 결과 중심 프로젝트형 예술교육이 학습자의 참여도와 성취감을 높이는 효과적인 구조라고 평가하였다. 특히 동일한 커리큘럼이 기관별 여건에 맞게 유연하게 조정되며 운영된 점은 지역 기반 예술교육이 각 기관의 환경과 참여자 구성에 따라 융통성 있게 실행될 수 있음을 보여주는 사례라 할 수 있다. 다만 본 연구는 단일 지역과 제한된 기간, 참여자 수에 기반한 분석이므로, 프로그램 효과의 장기적 지속성과 다른 지역·연령대에 대한 일반화에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 향후 연구에서는 다양한 지역과 연령, 장기 추적을 포함한 비교 분석을 통해 지역 기반 청소년 예술교육 모델의 확장성과 지속 가능성을 심층적으로 검토할 필요가 있다.

This study analyzes the implementation process of a community-based youth musical education program and identifies its educational effects and policy implications. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which identity and social skills are shaped, and arts education that enables emotional expression and community engagement serves as an effective means to support these developmental tasks. Musical theater, in particular, is an integrated art form that combines music, acting, and dance, offering multifaceted benefits such as enhancing self-expression, improving collaboration skills, and motivating career exploration. This study examines a four-month program jointly operated by youth institutions and a private arts organization in the metropolitan area, employing a qualitative case study approach focused on curriculum structure, integrated practice-and-performance methods, and participant feedback. The program, designed as a project-based learning model and implemented in a community-based performance venue, provided opportunities for artistic immersion and fostered a sense of community and responsibility through peer collaboration. Some participants expressed interest in stagecraft and artistic professions, and instructors and staff evaluated the performance-centered model as effective in increasing engagement and achievement. The flexibility in adapting a common curriculum to each institution’s conditions demonstrated the responsiveness of community-based arts education. However, the study’s focus on a single region, short duration, and limited participant scope constrains the generalizability of its findings. Future research should include longitudinal and comparative studies to further examine the scalability and sustainability of such models.

Purpose: Body size phenotypes can be regarded as an indicator of cardiovascular incidence risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of metabolic syndrome among metabolically healthy adults according to body size phenotype using Korean Genome & Epidemiology Study [KoGES]-community based cohort from 2001-2002 to 2014.Methods: A prospective population-based cohort including 5,068 adults aged 40-69 years free from metabolic syndrome was included and divided into three phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). The time dependent Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the incidence of the metabolic syndrome after a follow-up 14 years.Results: In the demographic, health related variables-adjusted model (Model 3), the hazard ratio of the metabolic syndrome was 1.92 (CI 1.54-2.40) for MHOW, 2.88 (CI 2.32-3.58) for MHO among males, 1.89 (CI 1.51-2.37) for MHOW, 2.34 (CI 1.88-2.90) for MHO for females compared to MHNW, respectively.Conclusion: In conclusion, MHOW and MHO in both males and females increased the risk of metabolic syndrome compared to MHNW. Obesity management should be considered even in the absence of metabolic syndrome. Programs and resources should be provided for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and better quality of life.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of a public health center-based aerobic and resistance training program for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with visual, auditory, or physical/brain impairments. Methods The study included 25 adults aged >40 years who lived in Cheorwon-gun in South Korea, had a disability registered for visual, auditory, or physical/brain impairments under the Disability Welfare Act, and had either known cardiovascular disease or two or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The program comprised four education sessions and 12 weeks of customized aerobic and strengthening exercises performed twice a week at moderate intensity, with each exercise session lasting for 1 hour. The body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and 30-second sit-to-stand test results were measured at baseline and on program completion. Results Seventeen subjects (68%) completed the program. There were significant decreases in BMI and percent body fat (both p<0.05), with a significant increase in 30-second sit-to-stand strength (p<0.05) but no changes in the 6MWD. In subjects with visual or auditory impairments, BMI and percent body fat were significantly decreased after the program; however, there was no significant change in the results of the 30-second sit-to-stand strength test or the 6MWD. Conclusion In people with disabilities, a 3-month community-based exercise program can decrease body mass index and percent body fat and increase sit-to-stand strength. The 30-second sit-to-stand test may be a useful measure of the strength and endurance of the lower extremities in people with disabilities.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the community-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) program that we had developed. Methods Individuals aged >40 years with cardiovascular disease or its risk factors who were residing in a rural area were recruited as study subjects. The CBCR program, which consisted of 10 education sessions and 20 weeks of customized exercises (twice a week), was conducted in a public health center for 22 weeks. Comprehensive outcomes including body weight, blood glucose level, and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were measured at baseline, 11th week, and completion. Furthermore, the outcomes of young-old (65?74 years) and old-old (≥75 years) female subjects were compared. Results Of 31 subjects, 21 completed the program (completion rate, 67.7%). No adverse events were observed, and none of the subjects discontinued the exercise program because of chest pain, dyspnea, and increased blood pressure. Body weight and blood glucose level were significantly decreased, and 6MWD was significantly increased following program implementation (p<0.05). Both young-old and old-old women exhibited an improvement in blood glucose level and 6MWD test (p<0.05). Conclusion We reported the results of the first attempted CBCR in South Korea that was implemented without adverse events during the entire program. Improved aerobic exercise ability and reduced risk factors in all participants were observed. These improvements were also achieved by older adults aged ≥75 years.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the post-stroke care program within the community setting in Thailand. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a nonequivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. A total of 62 pairs of post-stroke patients and their family caregivers were recruited to the study (31 pairs per group). The intervention consisted of a four-week program that included distributing pertinent information, providing skill practice during post-stroke care sessions and utilizing strategies to enhance motivation and behavioral skills of family caregivers based on the information-motivationbehavioral skills model. The family caregivers' post-stroke care skills were evaluated. The patients' activities of daily living (ADLs) and complications were evaluated at baseline and immediately and 2-month post-intervention. Statistical analysis included chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and two-way repeated measures' analysis of variance. Results: After participating in the program, family caregivers in the experimental group significantly improved their post-stroke care knowledge and skills as compared to those in the control group (F = 585.81, p < .001). ADLs among post-stroke patients in the experimental group significantly increased over time and were higher than those in the control group (F = 46.01, p < .001). Moreover, complications among patients in the experimental group were less than those in the control group. Conclusions: The post-stroke care program improved family caregivers' post-stroke care skills which resulted in improved functional status and decreased complications among post-stroke patients.

목적 : 지역사회기반 중재가 뇌졸중환자의 일상생활활동에 미치는 효과에 대한 근거를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 체계적 고찰과 메타분석방법을 사용하였다. 데이터베이스는 PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochran CENTRAL, RISS, 국회도서관을 사용하여 자료를 수집하였고 각 연구의 질 평가는 PEDro Scale을 사 용하였다. 두 명의 저자가 독립적으로 자료수집 및 질 평가를 실시하였다. 포함기준에 맞는 연구는 7편 의 연구가 최종적으로 포함되었다. 분석은 대상 논문의 실험군 및 대조군의 대상자 수, 평균, 표준편차를 사용하여 메타분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 대상자는 388명 이었다. 메타분석을 실시한 결과 일상생활활동에 대한 중재 효과크기는 2.63으로 지역사회기반 중재가 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동에 효과적이었다. 결론 : 지역사회기반 중재가 뇌졸중 환자의 일상생활활동에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 연구결과는 뇌졸중 환자를 위한 지역사회 중재에 대한 근거로 제시할 수 있으며, 근거를 기반으로 다양하고, 폭넓은 지역사 회기반 중재가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Objective : The purpose of this study was a meta-analysis on the effects of community-based intervention for activities of daily living performance in stroke. Methods : We using searches PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochran CENTRAL, RISS. The study used a PEDro scale for each section in the evaluation of the quality. Included studies were analyzed based on the sample size, pre-post mean difference and standard deviation, with 95.0% confidence interval. Results : Total 7 studies included for meta-analysis. Involved 388 participants. The effective sizes based on the stroke for ADL 2.63 which could be interpreted as having a “large effect size”. The results community- based intervention was statistically significant for ADL with stroke. Conclusion : Community-based intervention proved to be effective for ADL with community residence stroke. We suggestion community based intervention evidence for stroke in results. Also community based interventions should be variety and wide range for stroke.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the acceptability, availability and sustainability of a pilot prenatal program developed by an interdisciplinary team. Methods: Out of 19 multicultural women participated in the 6-session prenatal program, 6 women took part in an exit- focus group interview as a part of formative evaluation. The verbatim transcriptions of semi-structured interview data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: In general, the participants expressed high satisfaction with program content, educators and education methods. A hybrid model including health professionals and community health workers and using online and offline education modes was suggested as a way to disseminate the program at a national level. Interventions using aesthetic approaches such as music and an integrated method such as the introduction of available social services in pregnancy and during the postpartum period may play a role as the facilitator of the program participation of multicultural women. These approaches may also help them develop healthy coping skills, problem solving skills and empowerment in multicultural childbearing women who need to adjust to life in a new country simultaneously taking a new role as a mother. Conclusion: An interdisciplinary prenatal program using a holistic approach contributes to enhancing multicultural women’s empowerment to become a mother in a new country.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of case management for patients with hypertensionon their health status and medical service utilization. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis ofdata collected for a larger study of chronic disease management in 2008 using the National Health InsuranceCorporation database. A total of 12,944 patients who received case management for hypertension were includedin this analysis. The subjects of case management were classified into subgroups, namely, over-use, under-use,and non-use groups according to the amount of medical service utilization. To compare the medical service utilization,a control group was selected randomly. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, McNemartest, and ANOVA. Results: All the subgroups displayed significant differences in blood pressure, self-management,social support, and their characteristics of medical service utilization. The total medical expense of the under-use and non-use groups increased after case management. However, there was no decrease in the medicalexpense of the over-use group. Conclusion: This finding suggests that there is a need to re-examine why patientsoveruse medical services and to supplement specific strategies for encouraging appropriate medical service utilization,and enhancing case management efforts for the over-use group.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a community-based follow-up program on parenting stress, parenting efficacy, and coping among parents with premature infants. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. This program consisted of structured home visits and self-help group meetings for 6 months. The experimental group (n=29) received visits by an experienced neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse and the control group (n=27) was visited by a visiting nurse. Data were analyzed using the x2 test, t-test, and analysis of covariance. Results: Parents' coping behavior significantly differed in the experimental group compared to the control group (t=3.14, p=.003). In particular, coping subscale I, for maintaining the family situation (t=2.63, p=.011), and subscale III, for understanding the infant's medical situation (t=4.30, p<.001), showed significant differences in the experimental group. There were no significant between-group differences in parenting stress or parenting efficacy. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that home visits by an experienced NICU nurse provided through a community-based follow-up program were an effective intervention to improve coping behavior among parents with premature infants.

In this paper, we reviewed the community-based approaches to suicide prevention and national strategies for the decrement of suicide rate, and made some suggestions to decrease the suicide rate in South Korea. Until now, efforts to understand and prevent suicide have been pursued singularly by specialized interest groups such as psychiatrists, psychologists, mental health practitioners, and private organizations with little interaction between them, resulting in narrow approaches toward suicide that existed in relative isolation to one another and that have been largely ineffective. To decline the suicide rate in South Korea, the people lived in Korea community ought to have enough knowledge related to suicide and have to cooperate with other people. Through these efforts, Korea community would have established social safety networks to improve the community’s mental health. The most important factor in suicide prevention and declining the suicide rate is reducing the stigma and increase the self-help seeking behaviors associated with suicide and mental health. Therefore, suicide is not an individual problem solved by suicidal patient, but a community’s problem solved by community in recognizing, managing and preventing suicide.

목적:지역사회기반 중재로 인한 치매환자에게 미치는 효과의 근거를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법:체계적 고찰 방법을 사용하였다. 데이터베이스는 RISS, Pubmed, Google Scholar 사용하여 자료 를 수집하고, 각 연구는 PEDro Scale을 사용하여 질을 평가 하였다. 선정기준에 적합한 9편의 논문을 선 정하였고, 중재방법, 중재 시 사용된 평가도구, 평가영역, 중재를 실시한 전문가 등에 관해 분석하였다. 선 정된 연구는 Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) 형식으로 체계적으로 정리하였다. 결과:연구의 질적 수준은 9편 모두 무작위대조군연구를 분석하였기 때문에 연구수준 5 단계 분류 방법에 서 모두 1단계에 속하였다. 중재 대상자는 치매환자만을 대상으로 한 논문이 55.5%로 가장 많은 비율 을 차지했다. 운동프로그램을 사용한 중재가 3편(33.3%)으로 가장 많았으며, 복합적 중재보다는 단편적 중재의 비율이 더 많이 차지하였다. 지역사회기반 중재는 운동, 인지, 삶의 질, 일상생활활동영역에서 모 두 효과적이었으며 치매환자에게 신체적 영역을, 보호자에게 삶의 질 영역을 결과로 보는 빈도가 가장 많았다. 중재자는 물리치료사, 작업치료사, 간호사의 빈도가 가장 많았다. 결론:연구결과는 작업치료사들이 지역사회 중재가 치매환자에게 미치는 효과에 대한 근거로 활용할 수 있 을 것이다.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for the effects of community-based interventions on dementia patients. Methods: The study was used systematic review method. The databases were collected using RISS, Pubmed, Google Scholar. Each articles were assessed for quality using the PEDro Scale. Nine articles were chosen, and the articles analyzed about the method of intervention, the evaluation tool, the evaluation area, and the experts who performed the intervention. Selected articles were systematically organized in PICO. Results: The qualitative level of the articles were all level 1 in the study of the level 5 step classification. Because all nine articles analyzed the randomized control study. The 55.5% of the articles’ subjects were dementia only. The most frequent intervention was the exercise program(33.3%), and the use of the single domain intervention was higher than complex domain intervention. Community-based intervention was effective in the physical domain of dementia patients and in the quality of life domain of the caregivers. The interventions were effective in the areas of exercise, cognition, QOL, and ADL. Specialists were often referred to as physical therapists, occupational therapists, and nurses. Conclusion: This study could be used by occupational therapists as a basis for community intervention for patients with dementia.

Purpose: Early detection and management of coronary heart disease (CHD) are embedded into many community health service and primary care practices in western countries. The Framingham CHD risk score has been used to predict CHD and mortality for nearly 20 years, and it has predicted CHD event risk accurately in multiethnic populations. The aim of this study was to access the effect of a 6-month community-based intervention on CHD risk in individuals at high risk. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of individuals with a high 10-year CHD risk were recruited from two communities in China. Individuals in the intervention group (n ¼ 53) received a 3-month group education and a 3-month coaching session. Physical examination and self-report questionnaires were used to collect both pre- and postintervention data on blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, body mass index, smoking, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: A total of 102 participants (85.0%) completed the 6-month study. Compared with the usual care group, the intervention group had a 5 mmHg greater reduction in systolic blood pressure (t = 2.01, p = .047), larger declines in glucose (t = 2.49, p = .015), cholesterol (t = 2.44, p = .017), body mass index (t = 2.58, p = .011), and depression (t = 2.05, p = .043), and better reports of HRQoL (t = 3.36, p = .001). No significant group differences in smoking behaviors were reported. Conclusion: A 6-month community-based intervention in a CHD high-risk population improved diseaserelated risk factors, depression, and HRQoL. Results provide preliminary evidence for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease risk in a community high-risk population.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a community-based palliative care project conducted in Busan city, Korea, from 2013 to 2015. Methods: We selected four outcome indices based on the project's outcomes derived from a logic model and used a longitudinal and cross-sectional comparative design approach depending on the outcome index. Results: The utilization rate of palliative care increased from 9.2% in 2012 to 41.9% in 2015. Regarding symptom changes in 65 patients receiving palliative care at 3 and 6 months (mean age = 72 years, standard deviation = 9.64, 55.4% women), pain, anxiety, and depression had improved. Quality of life was higher among palliative care patients compared with patients who did not receive palliative care (t = 2.09, p = .039). Regarding recognition of palliative care, civil servants at public health centers who participated in the pilot project (2013-2014) scored higher than those at public health centers who began participation in 2015 (t = 2.67, p = .008). Conclusion: This is the first study in Korea that systematically evaluated community-based palliative care. The Busan Community-based Palliative Care Project improved the quality of life of palliative care patients by providing services at an appropriate level and by raising the recognition of palliative care in the community. To increase the utilization ratio of palliative care and the quality of service, strategies should be developed to supplement medical support systems.

Childhood depression is a disorder with negative and long-lasting effects through to adulthood. At present, the Children’s Depression Inventory is the most globally used tool for evaluating depression in a pediatric group, and the Children’s Depression Inventory-2 (CDI-2) was developed considering a birth-cohort effect. The current study has two main objectives: (a) to investigate the psychometric properties of the self-rated version of the CDI-2 and (b) to investigate its factorial structure in Korean nonclinical children and adolescent populations. A convenient sample considering age, sex, and area was used. The total sample comprised 1,036 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years living in 3 different areas. The psychometric properties of the CDI-2, including internal consistency, interrater reliability, and concurrent validity, were evaluated. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) analysis was also conducted to determine the internal structure of the CDI-2 for Korean children and adolescents. The gender difference was is significant, and age also affected the total score. The interaction effect of age and sex in the total score is statistically significant. The Korean CDI-2 appeared to have good internal consistency. Correlations among the CDI-2 scores of self-report, parent-report, and teacher-report forms were statistically significant and moderate in size. ESEM analysis demonstrated that a two-factor structure could be a best-fit model for our sample. The sample of the study consisted entirely of non-clinical children and adolescents, and therefore more researches targeting the clinical population are necessary to generalize these results. Future studies could identify a cut-off score or predictive validity.

Objective To clarify how participation in leisure activities and exercise by chronic stroke survivors differs before and after a stroke.Methods Sixty chronic stroke survivors receiving community-based rehabilitation services from a health center in Seongnam City were recruited. They completed a questionnaire survey regarding their demographic characteristics and accompanying diseases, and on the status of their leisure activities and exercise. In addition, their level of function (Korean version of Modified Barthel Index score), risk of depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and quality of life (SF-8) were measured.Results After their stroke, most of the respondents had not returned to their pre-stroke levels of leisure activity participation. The reported number of leisure activities declined from a mean of 3.9 activities before stroke to 1.9 activities post-stroke. In addition, many participants became home-bound, sedentary, and non-social after their stroke. The most common barriers to participation in leisure activities were weakness and poor balance, lack of transportation, and cost. The respondents reported a mean daily time spent on exercise of 2.6±1.3 hours. Pain was the most common barrier to exercise participation.Conclusion Chronic stroke survivors need information on leisure activities and appropriate pain management.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate factors related to long-term length of stay (LOS) of patients with chronic diseases in Korean veterans hospitals. Methods: The subjects were 196 elderly patients with chronic disease staying in the hospital for more than 10 days, Data were collected by the survey of patients with structured questionnaires and medical records review by nurses from July 15 to August 10, 2019. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The present and desired LOS were 37.78±32.66 days and 60.87±45.95 days, respectively. Factors affecting hospital LOS were found to be main disease (genitourinary) (p<.001), assistance in activities of daily living (p<.001), area of hospital (p<.001), payment of medical fees (p=.026), hospital satisfaction (p=.036) and the explanatory power of these variables was 26.4%. The most common health problems that need to be solved after discharge were symptom alleviation and health promotion. These problems can be solved using community-based facility services or visiting medical-welfare services (especially home care nursing). Conclusion: In order to reduce hospital LOS, the following measures are required: personalized self-management education, provision of transportation services for dialysis therapy of inactive patients, linking patients with visiting medical-welfare services including home care nursing and mobile healthcare services, operation of the case management system including the notice of the discharge date at admission, interim check of patient status, and connecting the patient with community resources or transferring the patient to long-term care facilities at discharge.

The Bodo tribal community of Assam, India, is known for the production and consumption of both alcoholic/nonalcoholic beverages. Cereal-based (rice) and fruit-based (jackfruit, banana, etc.) alcoholic beverages are prepared by Bodos. The cereal-based fermented alcoholic beverages of the community have been reported by various researchers time to time but fruit-based distilled beverages (fruit-based Jougwran) and stored alcoholic beverages (cereal-based Joufinai) have not been reported in detail until now. For the preparation and storage of cereal-based alcoholic beverages they followed traditional methodology of fermentation with polyherbal mixture based starter culture called Amao. Generally, after preparation the beverages are stored up to 1 to 2 years near the fire places in air-tighten utensils. These beverages have more stimulating effect based on the storage period. For preparation of fruit-based distilled beverages, Bodo people use jackfruit and banana fruits mixed with yeast culture and allowed for fermentation. Here, the present study is reporting the methodology of stored beverages and fruit-based beverages used by Bodo people. A comparative study based on earlier reports on the biochemical and nutritional indices of Bodo beverages versus different types of beverages used by other tribes of NE India is also summarized herein.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate sleep quality and the fear of falling among community- dwelling older women living alone and to identify the factors influencing the fear of falling. Methods: This descriptive correlational study included 178 community-dwelling older women living alone. Data were collected from December 10, 2023, to February 29, 2024. The collected data were analyzed using t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple linear regression. Results: The results of this study showed that age (β=.29, p<.001), community activity (β= -.23, p<.001), depression (β=.29, p<.001), social participation (β=-.18, p=.004), and sleep quality (β=.37, p<.001) were significantly associated with the fear of falling. Conclusion: Identifying the factors influencing the fear of falling, including sleep quality, among community-dwelling older women living alone highlights the need to develop preventive programs tailored to the characteristics of this population.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify personal factors, social factors, and environmental factors related to physical activity in older adults in urban and non-urban areas. Methods: We used source data from the 2017 Community Health Survey. The subjects of this study included some older adults aged 65 and over, and analyzed the data of 23,043 older adults living in the urban and 34,063 older adults living in the non-urban area. Results: The common factors influencing physical activity in older adults by region include current smoking and drinking, BMI, sleep duration, and subjective health status, help with neighbors, frequency of meeting with neighbors and friends, participation in social and leisure activities, and falls experience (p<.001). However, the living environment, public transport satisfaction, and medical service use significantly associated with physical activity for only older adults living in the urban area (p<.001). Conclusion: In order to improve physical activity in older adults in the community, it is necessary to consider not only the improvement of individual factors that practice health behaviors but also health promotion strategies that take into account social and environmental factors because there are environmental differences among regions.