Earticle

본 연구는 선물시장의 효율성을 분석하는 것으로 시장의 효율성을 현물시장과 직접 연계시키기 보다는 선물시장에서 거래되는 종목들 간의 동적관련성을 분석하여 효율성의 정도를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 만기가 상대적으로 긴 차근월물의 베이시스와 최근월물의 베이시스를 비교하여 두 종목의 베이시스 차이가 어떠한 시계열적 연관성이 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 2000년 1월부터 2013년 12월까지의 KOSPI200 주가지수선물 및 현물자료를 이용하였다. 먼저, 베이시스 관측치를 비교해 보면, 차근월물이 최근월물보다 베이시스의 평균값과 표준편차가 더 크게 나타나고 있다. 그리고 분석결과에서 최근월물의 t기 베이시스가 (t-1)기의 베이시스에 의해 매우 잘 설명될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 주가지수선물시장의 경우 최근월물의 베이시스가 차근월물의 베이시스보다 커지는 경우 다음날의 최근월물의 베이시스가 작아짐으로서 불균형의 크기를 감소시키는 특성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 차근월물의 베이시스 또한 동일한 기초자산으로부터 파생되었기 때문으로 분석결과들은 합리적인 것으로 해석되고 있으며, 차근월물의 베이시스 정보가 최근월물의 베이시스 및 기초자산인 현물수익률에 대한 예측에 이용 가능함을 보여주고 있다.

The objective of this study is to analyze the market efficiency in the futures markets. Although many previous studies have investigated market efficiency between spot and futures prices, that with different maturities has not been studied in the futures markets extensively. For our objective, this paper examines KOSPI200 stock index future market with different maturities. We analyze the dynamic serial relationship of the difference of basis between nearest-month contract and next nearest-month contract using dynamic regression analysis suggested by Kawamoto and Hamori(2011) Using the data from 2000. 1 to 2013. 12, the major empirical findings are as follows: First. the mean and standard deviation of basis of next nearest-month contract is bigger than those of nearest-month contract. Second, the t-period basis of nearest-month contract can be explained by (t-1)period basis of that. Third, the basis spread of t-period and (t-1)period have negative affect on the return of underlying assets. This result is very reasonable because two basis spreads are derived from same underlying assets. Finally, basis information of next nearest-month contract can be used for the prediction of nearest-month contract and spot market return.

We have reported previously on a replication incompetent recombinant adenoviral vector, AdLPCD, in which the expression of cytosine deaminase gene (CD) is driven by the tumor-specific L-plastin promoter. AdLPCD vector had been evaluated for its efficacy of chemosensitization of ovarian cancer cells to 5-FC. In spite of the fact that ovarian cancer cells, i.e., OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3, are capable for adenoviral transduction judged by LacZ reporter gene analysis, two cell lines demonstrated quite different sensitivities toward AdLPCD/5-FC system. In OVCAR-3 cells, infection of AdLPCD followed by exposure to 5-FC resulted in the suppression of cell growth with statistical significance. On the other hand, SK-OV-3 cells were more resistant to the CD/5-FC strategy compared with OVCAR-3 cells under the same condition. The object of study was to investigate factors that would determine the sensitivity to AdLPCD/5-FC. We evaluated conversion rate of 5-FC to 5-FU after infection of AdLPCD by HPLC analysis, $IC_{50}$ of 5-FU, the expression level of integrin receptors i.e., ${\alpha}v{\beta}3$ and ${\alpha}v{\beta}5$, and status of p53 in OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3 cells. The results indicated that OVCAR-3 cells have few favorable features compared with SK-OV-3 cells to be more effective to the AdLPCD/5-FC strategy; higher level of ${\alpha}v{\beta}5$ integrin, higher rate of conversion of 5-FC into 5-FC, and lower $IC_{50}$ of 5-FU. The results suggest that the replacement of 5-FU with CD/5-FC in combination chemotherapy would be less toxic and much greater cytotoxicity than the conventional combination chemotherapy in some patients.

전력수요의 예측은 예측기간에 따라 중장기 전력수요 예측과 단기 부하 예측으로 구분할 수 있다. 기존의 단기 부하예측은 주로 역전파 알고리즘(back propagation algorithm)다층퍼셉트론을 이용하여 예측을 하였으나 이는 학습시간이 많이 걸릴 뿐만 아니라 학습도중에 지역최소점(local minima)에 빠져 학습이 계속되지 못한다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 역전파 알고리즘의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방법으로 Radial Basis 함수(Radial Basis Function)를 이용하여 동적 단기부하 예측 모형을 제안한다. Radial Basis 함수는 하나의 은닉층(hidden layer)을 갖고 있으며, 전방향(feed-forward)학습을 한다는 특징이 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 단기 부하 예측모형은 학습을 하기 위하여 시간대별 부하량을 클러스터링 하고, 이 클러스터의 중심값을 Radial Basis 함수의 은닉층으로 하여 학습을 한 다음 예측하고자 하는 패턴을 한 단위로 하여 시단대별로 예측하였다. 기존의 연구에서의 클러스터링 방법으로는 통계학의 K-Means 방법이나 Kohonen의 LVQ(Learning Vector Quantization)을 주로 이용하였으나 본 논문에서는 패턴의 분류에 있어서 다른 알고리즘보다 편차가 작은 Pal, et. al.의 GLVQ(Generalized LVQ) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서 이용한 데이타는 1995년 3월 1일-3일, 6월 1일-3일, 7월 1일-3일, 9월 1일-3일, 11월 1일-3일의 72시간 데이타를 입력하여 월별 4일의 24시간의 예측시간으로 예측하였다. 실험결과 월별 1일과 3일까지의 학습데이타로 1시간 후의 부하량을 24시간동안 예측한 결과 1.3795%의 평균 오차율로 예측하였다.

This paper suggests the development of dynamic forecasting model for short-term power demand based on Radial Basis Function Network and Pal's GLVQ algorithm. Radial Basis Function methods are often compared with the backpropagation training, feed-forward network, which is the most widely used neural network paradigm. The Radial Basis Function Network is a single hidden layer feed-forward neural network. Each node of the hidden layer has a parameter vector called center. This center is determined by clustering algorithm. Theatments of classical approached to clustering methods include theories by Hartigan(K-means algorithm), Kohonen(Self Organized Feature Maps %3A SOFM and Learning Vector Quantization %3A LVQ model), Carpenter and Grossberg(ART-2 model). In this model, the first approach organizes the load pattern into two clusters by Pal's GLVQ clustering algorithm. The reason of using GLVQ algorithm in this model is that GLVQ algorithm can classify the patterns better than other algorithms. And the second approach forecasts hourly load patterns by radial basis function network which has been constructed two hidden nodes. These nodes are determined from the cluster centers of the GLVQ in first step. This model was applied to forecast the hourly loads on Mar. $4^{th},\;Jun.\;4^{th},\;Jul.\;4^{th},\;Sep.\;4^{th},\;Nov.\;4^{th},$ 1995, after having trained the data for the days from Mar. $1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;from\;Jun.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;from\;Jul.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;from\;Sep.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},\;and\;from\;Nov.\;1^{th}\;to\;3^{th},$ 1995, respectively. In the experiments, the average absolute errors of one-hour ahead forecasts on utility actual data are shown to be 1.3795%.

Objective To find the optimal needle insertion site for needle electromyography of the pronator teres (PT) muscle among commonly used sites.Methods Fifty forearms of 25 healthy subjects were evaluated. Four expected needle insertion points were designated as follows. Point 0 was positioned at the midpoint between the medial epicondyle and medial border of biceps tendon in the elbow crease. Points 1, 2, and 3 were located 2 cm, 3.5 cm and 5 cm distal to point 0, respectively. We assumed that the thickness of PT and the distances between a vertical line from each point to the medial margin of the PT were significant parameters for finding the optimal site. Thus, we measured these parameters through ultrasonographic examination.Results In men, the PT was thickest at point 2, and in women, at point 1. The distance between the expected needle insertion line and medial margin of PT was longest at point 1 in both men and women, and was statistically significant compared to points 2 and 3. Both men and women had neurovascular bundles located lateral to the expected needle insertion line. Conclusion The most appropriate and safe needle electromyographic insertional site for the PT is 2?3.5 cm distal to the mid-point between the biceps tendon and medial epicondyle in the elbow crease and the needle should be inserted upward and medial.

Purpose: This study examined the legal basis related to a physical therapist's home-based rehabilitation. Methods: The policy data were referenced to the comprehensive plan for national health promotion and the guidebook Community Health Promotion Project issued by the Korea Health Promotion Institute and other institutes. The legal data were referenced to the Bill information system on the National Assembly website. Results: The physical therapist's home-based rehabilitation did not have a legal basis in the community-based rehabilitation project (CBR) of the HP 2020 project. On the other hand, according to the Home health care part of the community health promotion project that began in 2013, physical therapists were allowed to play a role from 2020 under Article 16-2 (Public Officials in Exclusive Charge of Visiting Health Management) of the REGIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH ACT. Conclusion: Policies and laws are being developed in the field of healthcare, but the necessary policies and laws in the field of rehabilitation are still insufficient. A bill to rehabilitate in a variety of fields and spaces by modifying the scope of work of physical therapists will be needed.

Since security and privacy problems in RFID systems have attracted much attention, numerous RFID authentication protocols have been suggested. One of the various design approaches is to use light-weight logics such as bitwise Boolean operations and addition modulo $2^m$ between m-bits words. Because these operations can be implemented in a small chip area, that is the major requirement in RFID protocols, a series of protocols have been suggested conforming to this approach. In this paper, we present new attacks on these lightweight RFID authentication protocols by using the Gr$\ddot{o}$bner basis. Our attacks are superior to previous ones for the following reasons: since we do not use the specific characteristics of target protocols, they are generally applicable to various ones. Furthermore, they are so powerful that we can recover almost all secret information of the protocols. For concrete examples, we show that almost all secret variables of six RFID protocols, LMAP, $M^2AP$, EMAP, SASI, Lo et al.'s protocol, and Lee et al.'s protocol, can be recovered within a few seconds on a single PC.

Webometric research in the Russian library sector is just beginning to gain momentum. This article examines the experience of webometric research in libraries from the perspective of the global practice. In particular, it highlights a number of foreign works, which may have a special practical value for Russian libraries, and emphasizes important webometrics areas for libraries. The purpose of this study is to research the practical application of key performance indicators (KPIs) abroad and conduct a webometric analysis of the websites of some leading Siberian and Far Eastern scientific libraries based on selected KPIs. The study data were collected with SimilarWeb and other analytical tools. The study revealed that key traffic metrics are the basis of webometric research, and identified available promising groundwork for the purpose of their further testing. The shortcomings in the current state of the websites of the Siberian and Far Eastern scientific libraries were noted. Based on the obtained webometric traffic indicators, the ranking of the Siberian and Far Eastern scientific libraries was made.

최근 Fan과 Dai는 이진체 곱셈기의 효율성을 개선하기 위하여 Shifted Polynomial Basis(SPB)를 제안하고 이를 이용한 non-pipeline 비트-병렬 곱셈기를 제안하였다. SPB는 PB에 {1, ${\alpha}$, $\cdots$, ${\alpha}^{n-l}$}에 ${\alpha}^{-\upsilon}$를 곱한 것으로, 이 둘 사이는 매우 적은 비용으로 쉽게 기저 변환이 된다. 이후 삼항 기약다항식 $f(x)=x^n+x^k+1$을 사용하여 Modified Shifted Polynomial Basis(MSPB) 기반의 SPB 비트-병렬 Mastrovito type I과 type II 곱셈기가 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 SPB를 이용한 비트-병렬 곱셈기를 제안한다. n ${\neq}$ 2k 일 때 제안하는 곱셈기 구조는 기존의 모든 SPB 곱셈기와 비교하여 효율적인 공간 복잡도를 가진다. 또한, 기존의 가장 작은 공간 복잡도를 가지는 곱셈기와 비교하여 1 ${\leq}$ k ${\leq}$ (n+1)/3인 경우 항상 효율적이다. 또한, (n+2)/3 $\leq$ k < n/2인 경우에도 일분 경우를 제외하고 기존 결과보다 항상 작은 공간 복잡도를 가진다.

Recently, Fan and Dai introduced a Shifted Polynomial Basis and construct a non-pipeline bit-parallel multiplier for $F_{2^n}$. As the name implies, the SPB is obtained by multiplying the polynomial basis 1, ${\alpha}$, ${\cdots}$, ${\alpha}^{n-1}$ by ${\alpha}^{-\upsilon}$. Therefore, it is easy to transform the elements PB and SPB representations. After, based on the Modified Shifted Polynomial Basis(MSPB), SPB bit-parallel Mastrovito type I and type II multipliers for all irreducible trinomials are presented. In this paper, we present a bit-parallel architecture to multiply in SPB. This multiplier have a space complexity efficient than all previously presented architecture when n ${\neq}$ 2k. The proposed multiplier has more efficient space complexity than the best-result when 1 ${\leq}$ k ${\leq}$ (n+1)/3. Also, when (n+2)/3 ${\leq}$ k < n/2 the proposed multiplier has more efficient space complexity than the best-result except for some cases.

유한체 연산중에서 곱셈 연산은 중요한 연산중 하나이다. 또한, 최근에 Fan과 Dai는 이진체 곱셈기의 효율성을 개선하기 위하여 Shifted Polynomial Basis(SPB)와 이를 이용한 non-pipeline 비트-병렬 곱셈기를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 삼항 기약다항식 $x^{n}+x^{k}+1$에 의하여 정의된 $F_{2^n}$ 위에서의 새로운 SPB 곱셈기 type I과 type II를 제안한다. 제안하는 type I 곱셈기는 기존의 SPB 곱셈기에 비하여 시간 및 공간 복잡도면에서 모두 효율적이다. 그리고 type II 곱셈기는 제안하는 type I 곱셈기를 포함하여 기존의 모든 결과보다 작은 공간 복잡도를 가진다. 그러나 type II 곱셈기의 시간 복잡도는 n과 k에 따라 최대 1 XOR time-delay 증가한다.

Finite Field multiplication operation is one of the most important operations in the finite field arithmetic. Recently, Fan and Dai introduced a Shifted Polynomial Basis(SPB) and construct a non-pipeline bit-parallel multiplier for $F_{2^n}$. In this paper, we propose a new bit-parallel shifted polynomial basis type I and type II multipliers for $F_{2^n}$ defined by an irreducible trinomial $x^{n}+x^{k}+1$. The proposed type I multiplier has more efficient the space and time complexity than the previous ones. And, proposed type II multiplier have a smaller space complexity than all previously SPB multiplier(include our type I multiplier). However, the time complexity of proposed type II is increased by 1 XOR time-delay in the worst case.

Drug-drug interactions are a major cause of hospitalization and deaths related to drug use. A large fraction of these is due to inhibition of enzymes involved in drug metabolism and transport, particularly cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Understanding basic mechanisms of enzyme inhibition is important, particularly in terms of reversibility and the use of the appropriate parameters. In addition to drug-drug interactions, issues have involved interactions of drugs with foods and natural products related to P450 enzymes. Predicting drug-drug interactions is a major effort in drug development in the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. With appropriate in vitro experiments, it is possible to stratify clinical drug-drug interaction studies. A better understanding of drug interactions and training of physicians and pharmacists has developed. Finally, some P450s have been the targets of drugs in some cancers and other disease states.

Scientometrics and research evaluation describe and analyze research publications when conducting publication, citation, and topic analyses. However, what exactly is a (scientific, academic, scholarly or research) publication? This article demonstrates that there are many problems when it comes to looking in detail at quantitative publication analyses, citation analyses, altmetric analyses, and topic analyses. When is a document a publication and when is it not? We discuss authorship and contribution, formally and informally published documents, as well as documents in between (preprints, research data) and the characteristics of references, citations, and topics. What is a research publication? Is there a commonly accepted criterion for distinguishing between research and non-research? How complete and unbiased are data sources for research publications and sources for altmetrics? What is one research publication? What is the unit of a publication that causes us to count it as "1?" In this regard, we report problems related to multi-author publications and their counting, weighted document types, the unit and weighting of citations and references, the unit of topics, and counting problems-not only at the article and individual researcher level (micro-level), but also at the meso-level (e.g., institutions) and macro-level (e.g., countries). Our results suggest that scientometric counting units are not reliable and clear. Many scientometric and research evaluation studies must therefore be used with the utmost caution.

A model based on genetic algorithm optimization, GA-SVM, is proposed to warn university students of their status. This model improves the predictive effect of support vector machines. The genetic optimization algorithm is used to train the hyperparameters and adjust the kernel parameters, kernel penalty factor C, and gamma to optimize the support vector machine model, which can rapidly achieve convergence to obtain the optimal solution. The experimental model was trained on open-source datasets and validated through comparisons with random forest, backpropagation neural network, and GA-SVM models. The test results show that the genetic algorithm-optimized radial basis kernel support vector machine model GA-SVM can obtain higher accuracy rates when used for early warning in university learning.

Overcrowding of a correctional facility is not only a fundamental human rights aspect of the prisoner, but also causes correction accidents, such as battering of prisoners and prisoners of prisoners, deterring correction of prisoners and sound social return, and spreading them to social problems caused by rioting. It can be an important issue. Therefore, the constitutionality of the Constitutional Court over the decision to accept the oversight is a very good decision. Unfortunately, however, it does not provide a clear legal basis for illegal acts of acceptance, leaving behind a legal debate on unconstitutional overcrowding In order to be relieved of such unconstitutional acceptance, administrative lawsuits must be filed but the detained person or the defendant must not disclose his / It is practically difficult to file an administrative action against an acceptance act. Moreover, it is not easy to raise a constitutional complaint after it has been completed or after it has been released from the detention center. In fact, it is possible that the applicant who raised the constitutional complaint about the acceptance of overcrowding was a human rights activist. It would not be easy for ordinary people to raise a constitutional complaint in this regard. Since unconstitutional acceptance practices still in progress can not just be overlooked, it is necessary to establish clearer legal standards for judging such unconstitutional acceptance practices. The legislation for this is that, as in Article 146 of the German "Law on the Execution of the Act", the "Penal Execution Act" in principle stipulates the prohibition of acceptance of overcrowding in principle, However, if it is inevitable that an additional exceptional requirement is required depending on the acceptance and operation status of the present correction facility, it may be temporarily stipulated in the Enforcement Ordinance or the Enforcement Regulations. It is also possible that the regulations on the size and facilities of the correctional facilities are specified more specifically in Articles 143 to 145 of the German "Act on the Law of Operation", and that details are delegated to the Enforcement Ordinance or Enforcement Rules. In addition, the minimum accommodation space per person in the correctional facilities is 2.58􀩍 per person in the hatching room and 4.62m2 in the singing room. However, the standards proposed by the Torture Prevention Committee, which is a specialized agency of the European Council, It is necessary to adjust it up to the minimum standard (4m² for the living room) or the minimum standard for the international cross (5.40m² for the living room (including the toilet) and 3.40m² for the living room (including the toilet)).

In meiosis, Emi2 plays important role as CSF (Cytostatic Factor) to make the oocyte arrested in mII stage by the inhibition of APC/C (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome). Once the oocyte fertilized, Emi2 was destabilized and degraded. For the degradation of Emi2, calcium signaling activate calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and phosphorylate emi2. Phosphorylated emi2 is recognized by polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and further degradated by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. But recognition of Plk1 and emi2 is unknown. In this works, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of polo-box domain of Plk1 and phosphorylated emi2 peptide at 1.90Å. Determined structure revealed that several unique features, including binding of Phe169 in the tyrosin-rich hydrophobic pocket. This is the first report of crystallization that Plk1-emi2 complex. Based on the complex structure, we designed the peptide analogs which pontentially inhibits recognition of Emi2 by Plk1 and assessed its biological activity in oocyte maturation and pathernogenetic activation. Injection of AB103-8, the inhibitor of Plk1 Polo-box domain, in mouse oocytes, induced the maturation arrest in GV stage and the delay in mII parthenogenetic activation. Further investigations of the mechanism that Plk1 involved into the Emi2 mII arrest are underway.

For the period from January 2000 to August 2021, we show that changes in the swap basis for Korean won and U.S. dollar predict changes in the exchange rate between the two currencies at weekly frequencies. More precisely, when the basis drops and becomes more negative, the exchange rate rises (i.e., dollar appreciates) subsequently, after controlling for their contemporaneous relation, the serial correlation in the exchange rate movements, and the global financial cycles. The swap basis has a factor structure and its first (level) and the second (slope) factors are useful in predicting the exchange rate, especially when used together. Based on the findings, we propose simple prediction rules that market participants can use in real time.

본 연구는 발생주의 측정치인 법인세비용이 현금주의 측정치인 법인세납부액 및 법인세 부담액과 비교하여 차기의 법인세수를 예측하는데 유용한 정보인지 분석하였다. 2007년부 터 2016년까지의 15,075개의 유가증권 및 코스닥 상장기업을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 발생 주의에 의한 법인세비용(TC)이 차기법인세수를 예측하는데 유용한 변수임을 발견하였다. 구체적으로 법인세부담액(TB)와 법인세납부액(TP)만을 이용한 차기법인세수의 예측은 TB 가 유의하게 나타났으며, TB와 TC, TP와 TC를 이용한 회귀분석결과는 TC가 가장 유의하 게 나타났다. TC의 계수값 크기뿐만 아니라 통계적 유의성에 있어서도 TB와 TP보다 TC가 가장 유의하게 나타나고 있어, 차기법인세수를 예측하는데 발생주의 정보인 법인세비용이 중요함을 보여주고 있다. 추가분석으로 금융업과 비금융업으로 구분하여 분석하였으며, 금 융업에 있어 법인세비용의 미래세수 예측력이 유의적으로 나타났다. 또한 정권별 분석에서 는 이명박정권과 박근혜정권시기에 따라 법인세비용정보의 예측력에 차이가 나타났다. 이 는 정권별로 모색하는 정책과 비전이 다를 수 있으며, 이를 위한 조세수입에 대한 접근도 다를 수 있기 때문에 법인세비용에 미치는 영향도 상이하게 나타난 것으로 보인다. 본 연구의 결과는 발생주의로 측정한 법인세비용이 경제적 사건이 발생한 시점에 모든 거래를 인식하기 때문에 경제상황을 더 잘 포착하고 있음을 보여준다.

This study analyzes whether corporate income tax (TC), measured by accrual basis accounting, is more useful than corporate income tax paid (TP) or corporate income tax burden (TB), both measured by cash basis accounting, in predicting future national corporate tax revenue. National corporate tax revenue predictions are crucial for designing national fiscal policy and therefore need to be as accurate as possible. This study compares the relative prediction power of the three variables TC, TP, and TB. The results show that TC is the best predictor of future national corporate tax revenue. This implies that the accrual basis measure is superior to the cash basis measures in predicting tax revenue and supports the use of accrual basis tax information in fiscal policy decision making.