Earticle

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 트레이닝이 골프 샷의 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 보고자 하였으며 [방법] 12주 간 30-40대 여성 아마추어골퍼를 대상으로 밸런스 트레이닝 그룹과 웨이트 트레이닝을 실시하여 , 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. [결과] 1. 웨이트 트레이닝이 발란스 트레이닝보다 드라이버 및 아이언의 헤드스피드 및 볼스피 드를 늘이는데 효과가 있었다. 2. 발란스 트레이닝이 웨이트 트레이닝보다 드라이버의 좌, 우 편차를 줄이는데 확 실한 효과가 있었다. 3. 전체적으로 비거리 향상을 위한 트레이닝으로는 웨이트 트레이닝이 발란스 트레이닝 보 다 효과적이었다. [결론] 본 연구에서 규명하고자 하였던 골프트레이닝이 여성 아마추어의 골프샷에 영향을 미치 는 가를 보고자 한 결과는 발란스 트레이닝 및 웨이트 트레이닝 모두 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특 히 본 연구의 결론으로 트레이닝 경험이 없거나 운동을 싫어하는 여성을 위해서는 웨이트 트레이닝을 대신하여 발란스 트레이닝을 추천할 수 있다.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training on golf shot change [Method] Balance training group and weight training were conducted for amateur golfers of 30-40 age group for 12 weeks. The conclusions are as follows: [Result] Weight training was more effective in increasing the head and ball speed of drivers and irons than balance training. Balance training was much more effective to reduce left and right deviation of driver rather than weight training. Overall, weight training was more effective than balance training in increasing the driving distance. [Conclusion] The results of this study show that both balance training and weight training have positive effects on golf shots of female amateurs. Particularly, as a conclusion of this study, balance training can be recommended instead of weight training for women who have no training experiences or hate to exercise.

[목적] 중·고등학교 골프선수들에게 평형성 훈련의 중요성을 각인시키기 위한 방안으로 본 연구에서는 평형성 운동 을 통해 체력 및 드라이버 수행력에 미치는 효과를 규명하였다. [방법] 경기도 지역에 위치한 S골프 연습장에서 아마 추어 자격을 지닌 중·고등학교 골프선수 24명을 무선배정(실험=12, 통제=12)하여 실험집단에 8주간 평형성 훈련을 시킨 후 사전-사후 측정으로 그 효과를 반복측정에 의한 이원변량분석을 적용하였다. [결과] 중·고등학교 골프선수 의 8주간 평형성 운동은 드라이버 거리(10.250yard) 및 헤드 스피드(6.417mph) 증가에 효과를 보였다. 둘째, 중·고등 학교 골프선수의 8주간 평형성 운동은 체력의 평형성(11.00cm) 및 유연성(4.667sec) 증가에 효과를 보였다. [결론] 중·고등학교 골프선수들의 경기력 향상을 도모하기 위한 훈련 전략을 제시하는 프로그램에는 중강도 이상의 평형 성 프로그램을 동반하여 실시한다면 이에 대한 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of balance training on physical fitness and golf driver performance to inform the importance of balance training of middle and high school golf players. [Method] For this study, 24 middle and high school student gofers who were amateur-qualified participated for 8 weeks. They were assigned randomly to the experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 for repeated 2-way ANOVA, and statistical significance was set for .05. [Result] First, the 8-week balance exercise of middle and high school golfers was effective in increasing driver distance (10.250yard) and head speed (6.417mph). Second, the 8-week balance exercise of middle and high school golfers proved to be effective in increasing the balance (11.00cm) and flexibility (4.667sec) of physical fitness. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that the balance exercise program of moderate intensity over related for improving golf driver performance and some of the physical fitness of middle and high school golfers.

[목적] 본 연구는 드라이브 스윙 시 골반의 조기 신전을 보이는 중년 여성을 대상으로 균형 판(balance pad)에서 타격 훈련과 균형 훈련을 시행한 집단의 비거리와 수직력, 조기 신전에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 데 있다. [방법] 훈련 집단 은 타격 훈련, 균형 훈련, 통제 집단으로 구분하여 10명씩 무선 할당하였다. 실험 과제는 드라이브 스윙이었으며, 사 전검사, 사중 검사, 사후 검사 순으로 진행하였다. 측정 변인은 비거리(m), 수직력(N), 골반의 조기 신전(cm)으로 하였 다. [결과] 타격훈련과 균형 훈련은 중년 여성의 비거리, 수직력 및 조기 신전 개선에 효과가 있었다. 타격 훈련은 비 거리와 임팩트 순간의 수직력에서 균형 훈련보다 빠른 시기에 유의한(p<.05) 향상을 보였으며, 골반 Thrust 감소를 통한 조기 신전 개선에도 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. [결론] 비거리, 지면반력의 수직력 및 조기 신전 개선을 위해 타격 훈련은 단기간 내 효과적이었으며, 균형 훈련은 장기적인 관점에서 유용한 전략으로 나타났다. 다만, 연구의 기간이 8주로 제한되어 있어 장기간 연구를 통한 효과 검증이 필요하다.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the effects of strike and balance training on a balance pad on driving distance, vertical ground reaction force, and early pelvic extension in middle-aged female golfers with early extension. [Method] Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: strike training, balance training, and control (n=10 each).The task was a driver swing, assessed at pre-, mid-, and post-test stages.Variables measured were driving distance (m), vertical force (N), and early pelvic extension( cm). [Result] Both strike and balance training were effective in improving driving distance, vertical force, and early pelvic extension. Strike training showed a significantly earlier improvement (p < .05) in distance and vertical force at impact compared to balance training, and also contributed positively to reducing pelvic thrust and improving early extension. [Conclusion] Strike training showed short-term benefits for distance, vertical force, and early extension, while balance training was effective long term. As the study lasted only eight weeks, longer research is needed.

[목적] 본 연구는 골퍼들에게 흔히 발생하는 족저근막염에 대해, 근거 기반의 예방 및 관리 운동 프로그램을 종합적 으로 제시하는 데 목적이 있었다. [방법] 선행 연구와 임상 지침을 바탕으로 족저근막염의 병태생리학적 특성, 골프 와의 연관성, 위험 요인을 검토하였으며, 스트레칭, 근력 강화, 균형 훈련으로 구성된 예방 중심의 운동 프로그램에 대해 문헌을 고찰하였다. [결과] 족저근막염의 예방 및 관리를 위해서는 족저근막 특이적 스트레칭과 종아리 근육 스 트레칭을 통한 유연성 향상, Short Foot Exercise를 포함한 발 내재근 강화 및 하퇴부 근력 강화, 그리고 균형 및 고 유수용성 훈련이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 골퍼의 족저근막염은 스트레칭, 근력 강화, 균형 훈련을 포함한 포괄적 예방 프로그램을 통해 효과적으로 관리할 수 있으며, 본 연구에서 제시된 근거 기반 지침은 골퍼의 족저근막 염 예방과 건강한 골프 활동 지속에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

[Purpose] This study aimed to comprehensively present evidence-based exercise programs for plantar fasciitis prevention and management in golfers. [Methods] Based on previous research and clinical guidelines, the pathophysiological characteristics, golf-related associations, and risk factors of plantar fasciitis were reviewed, and literature on prevention-focused exercise programs consisting of stretching, strength training, and balance training was examined. [Results] For plantar fasciitis prevention and management, plantar fascia-specific stretching and calf muscle stretching for flexibility improvement, intrinsic foot muscle strengthening including Short Foot Exercise and lower leg strength training, and balance and proprioceptive training were found to be effective. [Conclusion] Plantar fasciitis in golfers can be effectively managed through comprehensive prevention programs including stretching, strength training, and balance training, and the evidence-based guidelines presented in this study are expected to contribute to the prevention of plantar fasciitis in golfers and the maintenance of healthy golf activities.

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자에게 시지각 되먹임을 이용한 복합운동이 균형 및 보행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상(총24명)은 복합운동집단(CEG, n=8), 균형운동집단(BEG, n=8), 보존운동집단 (ConEG, n=8)으로 선정 후 5회/주, 50분/1회, 12주간 집단별 운동을 실시하였다. 운동 종료 후 기능적 도달검사와 보행 분석 방법을 통해 대상자들을 평가하였다. 각 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 일원 분산분석(One-way ANOVA )을 사용하였으며, 사후검증(post-hoc)으로 Duncan 분석법을 실시하였다. 또한 세 집단의 운동방법에 따른 균형과 보행에 대한 대비 검정(Contrast test)을 실시하였다. 모든 자료들은 SPSS 21.0(IBM, USA)을 이용하여 분석하 였으며, 모든 통계치의 유의 수준(α)은 .05로 설정하였다. 복합운동집단이 FRT, 보행속도(Velocity), 그리고 활보장 (Stride length)에서 균형운동집단과 보존운동집단보다 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<0.05), 분속수 (Cadence)는 복합운동집단과 균형운동집단이 보존운동집단보다 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 균 형운동집단은 FRT, 보행속도, 분속수 그리고 활보장에서 보존운동보다 통계학적으로 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이 번 연구결과 복합운동과 균형운동집단이 균형과 보행기능에 있어 보존적 운동집단에 비해 더 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 특히 복합운동집단이 균형운동과 보존적 운동집단에 비해 더 낳은 결과를 얻었다.

This study was to determine the effect of combined exercise with visuoperceptual feedback on balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. The subjects of this study were 24 chronic stroke patients and they were divided into three groups: Combined Exercise Group(CEG, n=8), Balanced Exercise Group(BEG, n=8) and Conservative Exercise Group(ConEG, n=8). Subjects from the CEG underwent 15min balance training with visuoperceptual feedback and 15min routine-scheduled physical therapy, subject from the BEG underwent 30min balance training with visuoperceptual feedback and subjects from the ConEG performed 30min routine-scheduled physical therapy only, which comprised neuromuscular exercise treatment and walking practice. Assessment tools were made with the Functional Reach Test(FRT), Motion analysis. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA to determine the statistical significance. In between-group comparison, the change values of the FRT and gait ability appeared to be significantly greater for the CEG than those of the BEG and ConEG(p<0.05). These findings suggest that combined exercise with visuoperceptual feedback may be favorably used to improve balance and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke. Further studies with larger sample, various exercise program and long-term follow-up period need to generalize the results of this study.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of balance control training using a newly developed balance control trainer (BalPro) on the balance and gait of patients with subacute hemiparetic stroke. Methods Forty-three subacute stroke patients were assigned to either a balance control training (BCT) group or a control group. The BCT group (n=23) was trained with BalPro for 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks, and received one daily session of conventional physical therapy. The control group (n=20) received two sessions of conventional physical therapy every day for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was assessment with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcomes were Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), the 6-minute walking test (6mWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), and the manual muscle test (MMT) of the knee extensor. All outcome measures were evaluated before and after 2 weeks of training in both groups. Results There were statistically significant improvements in all parameters except MMT and FAC after 2 weeks of treatment in both groups. After training, the BCT group showed greater improvements in the BBS and the 6mWT than did the control group. Conclusion Balance control training using BalPro could be a useful treatment for improving balance and gait in subacute hemiparetic stroke patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of dual-task training on the recovery of balance ability and cognitive function in patients with subacute stroke.Methods Twenty patients (12 males and eight females; average age, 59.70 years) with subacute stroke were enrolled in this study. All participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, the dual-task group (n=10) or the control group (n=10). The dual task was simultaneous balance and cognitive training using the BioRescue. All patients were evaluated with posturographic parameters and the Berg Balance Scale for balance ability, a computerized neuropsychological test and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination for cognitive function, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for motor function, and the Korean-Modified Barthel Index for activities of daily living (ADL) function before and after 4 weeks of rehabilitation.Results The dual-task group showed significant improvements in the pressure of the weight distribution index (WDI), surface area, and length of the stability index during the eyes-open condition; surface area of the limit of stability (LOS) on the hemiparetic and intact sides, and the auditory continuous performance test and backward visual span test after rehabilitation. Although no significant difference was observed for the changes in balance ability or cognitive, motor, and ADL functions between the groups, changes in the WDI pressure during the eyes-open condition and in the area ratio of LOS (hemiparetic/intact) showed a tendency to improve in the dual-task group.Conclusion Our findings suggest that dual-task training could be as effective as conventional balance training for improving balance and cognition in subacute post-stroke patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of the newly developed Spine Balance 3D system on the balance and gait abilities of hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Twenty-eight hemiplegic patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=14) or control group (n=14). The experimental and control groups performed balance training by using the newly developed Spine Balance 3D system and the well-known Biodex Balance System 30 minutes per day, three times a week for 7 weeks. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10-m walking test (10mWT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), the Korean version of the Fall Efficacy Scale-International (KFES-I), trunk muscle strength and stability were evaluated before and after 7 weeks of intervention.Results The 10mWT improved significantly (p=0.001) in the experimental group (using the Spine Balance 3D system) but not in the control group, and core muscle strength, which we checked using Spine Balance 3D system evaluation program, improved more in the experimental group as well. The results of the BBS, FRT, TUG, KFES-I, and Biodex Balance System evaluation program improved in both groups after 7 weeks of balance training.Conclusion We suggest that the newly-developed Spine Balance 3D system can be a more useful therapeutic tool for gait and dynamic balance rehabilitation in hemiplegic patients than a conventional 2D-based balance training system. A large-scale randomized controlled study is needed to prove the effect of this system.

Objective To investigate the effect of 6 weeks of home-based boxing training on trunk performance, balance, fear of falling, and level of therapy enjoyment in individuals with chronic stroke. Methods Eighteen participants with chronic stroke were randomly divided into boxing and control groups (9 patients per group). The boxing group received home-based boxing training for 25 minutes plus balance and trunk exercise training for 15 minutes, while the control group received only home-based balance and trunk exercise training for 40 minutes, three days a week for 6 weeks. The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were assessed at baseline, and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-training. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann?Whitney U-test were used to determine differences between pre- and post-training within and between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The TIS scores significantly increased from 13 to 17 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 15 to 17 points in the control group (p<0.05). The Mini-BESTest scores significantly increased from 14 to 22 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 17 to 20 points in the control group (p<0.05). There were no differences in the TIS, Mini-BESTest, ABC, and PACES scores between the two groups. Conclusion Home-based boxing training with balance and trunk exercise training had a similar training effect compared to home-based balance and trunk exercise training.

Objective To determine the efficacy of aquatic treadmill training (ATT) as a new modality for stroke rehabilitation, by assessing changes in gait symmetry, balance function, and subjective balance confidence for the paretic and non-paretic leg in stroke patients.Methods Twenty-one subacute stroke patients participated in 15 intervention sessions of aquatic treadmill training. The Comfortable 10-Meter Walk Test (CWT), spatiotemporal gait parameters, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC) were assessed pre- and post-interventions.Results From pre- to post-intervention, statistically significant improvements were observed in the CWT (0.471± 0.21 to 0.558±0.23, p<0.001), BBS (39.66±8.63 to 43.80±5.21, p<0.001), and ABC (38.39±13.46 to 46.93±12.32, p<0.001). The step-length symmetry (1.017±0.25 to 0.990±0.19, p=0.720) and overall temporal symmetry (1.404± 0.36 to 1.314±0.34, p=0.218) showed improvement without statistical significance.Conclusion ATT improves the functional aspects of gait, including CWT, BBS and ABC, and spatiotemporal gait symmetry, though without statistical significance. Further studies are required to examine and compare the potential benefits of ATT as a new modality for stroke therapy, with other modalities.

Objective To determine the effects of an integrated training device for strength and balance on extremity muscle strength, postural balance, and cognition in older adults using a combination with various rehabilitation training games, in which balance, strength, and cognitive training were configured in a single device. Methods This prospective study included 20 healthy participants aged 65?85 years. Participants trained for 30 minutes daily, 3 days weekly, for 6 weeks with an integrated training device for strength and balance (SBT-120; Man&Tel Inc., Gumi, Korea). Main outcomes were measured using the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Manual Muscle Test. Measurements were taken at three time points: T0 (pretreatment), T1 (immediately after treatment), and T2 (4 weeks after treatment). Results All 20 patients completed the training, and TUG, FRT, and BBS scores significantly improved at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean TUG scores decreased by 0.99±2.00 at T1 and 1.05±1.55 at T2 compared to T0. Mean FRT scores increased by 6.13±4.26 at T1 and 6.75±4.79 at T2 compared to T0. BBS scores increased by 0.60±0.94 at T1 and 0.45±1.15 at T2 compared to T0. Moreover, muscle strength and cognition (K-MMSE and K-MoCA scores) increased after training. Conclusion Our findings suggest that an integrated training device for strength and balance can be a safe and useful tool for older adults.

Objective To investigate the effect of treadmill training with eyes open (TEO) and closed (TEC) on the knee joint position sense (JPS), functional balance and mobility in children with spastic diplegia. Methods Forty-five children with spastic diplegia aged 11?13 years participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to three groups of equal number. The control group (CON) underwent designed physical therapy program whereas, the study groups (TEO and TEC) underwent the same program, in addition to treadmill gait training with eyes open and closed, respectively. Outcome measures were the degree of knee joint position error, functional balance and mobility. Measurements were taken before and after 12 weeks of intervention. Results After training, the three groups showed statistically significant improvement in all measured outcomes, compared to the baseline with non-significant change in the knee JPS in the CON group. When comparing posttreatment results, the TEC group showed greater significant improvement in all measured outcomes, than the TEO and CON groups. Conclusion Treadmill training with eyes open and closed is effective in rehabilitation of children with diplegia, but blocked vision treadmill training has more beneficial effect.

Objective To investigate the clinical feasibility of a newly developed, portable, gait assistive robot (WA-H, ‘walking assist for hemiplegia’) for improving the balance function of patients with stroke-induced hemiplegia. Methods Thirteen patients underwent 12 weeks of gait training on the treadmill while wearing WA-H for 30 minutes per day, 4 days a week. Patients’ balance function was evaluated by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl- Meyer Assessment Scale (FMAS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) before and after 6 and 12 weeks of training. Results There were no serious complications or clinical difficulties during gait training with WA-H. In three categories of BBS, TUGT, and the balance scale of SPPB, there was a statistically significant improvement at the 6th week and 12th week of gait training with WA-H. In the subscale of balance function of FMAS, there was statistically significant improvement only at the 12th week. Conclusion Gait training using WA-H demonstrated a beneficial effect on balance function in patients with hemiplegia without a safety issue.

Background: Ankle sprains occur frequently across all ages and sexes, and some individuals progress to chronic ankle instability (CAI), which is characterized by muscle weakness, impaired proprioception, and decreased postural control. Recently, blood flow restriction exercise (BFR) has gained increasing attention in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. However, research on the effects of low-load blood flow restriction exercise (LL-BFR) combined with proprioceptive training in individuals with CAI remains limited. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of LL-BFR combined with proprioceptive training on ankle muscle strength and balance in adults with CAI. Study design: A randomized comparative study with two groups using a pre-post design. Methods: This study involved 26 adults with CAI, who were randomly assigned to two groups of 13 participants each. The experimental group performed LL-BFR combined with proprioceptive training, while the control group performed traditional high-load resistance training (HLRT) combined with proprioceptive training. The time x group interaction effects were analyzed using a two-way mixed measures ANOVA, with the statistical significance level (alpha) set at 0.05. Results: Both groups showed significant pre- to post-intervention improvements in ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and eversion strength (p < 0.05), whereas no significant change was observed in inversion strength (p > 0.05). For dynamic balance, significant improvements were found in both the limit of stability and the Y-Balance Test (YBT) in both groups (p < 0.05). A significant time x group interaction was observed for the YBT; however, post hoc analyses indicated that although the control group demonstrated a greater magnitude of improvement than the experimental group, the between-group difference did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.044). Conclusions: LL-BFR significantly improved ankle muscle strength and dynamic balance in individuals with CAI; however, it did not demonstrate superiority over traditional HLRT across most outcomes. Therefore, LL-BFR may be considered as an adjunctive or alternative intervention for individuals unable to perform high-load resistance exercise.

Objective To investigate the dose-related effect of trunk control training (TCT) using Trunk Stability Rehabilitation Robot Balance Trainer (TSRRBT) in chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance. Methods This was a retrospective study of 38 chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance that underwent TCT with TSRRBT. The participants were assigned either to the low-dose training (LDT) group (n=18) or to the high-dose training (HDT) group (n=20). In addition to the conventional rehabilitation therapy, the LDT group received 5 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week, whereas the HDT group received 10 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week. The outcome measures were the scores on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and its subscales, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). All outcome measures were assessed before the training and at the end of the 4-week training. Results After the 4-week intervention, TIS, BBS, FAC, and K-MBI scores showed improvement in both LDT and HDT groups. Furthermore, the improvements in TIS scores and its subscales were significantly greater in the HDT group than in the LDT group (p<0.05). Conclusion TCT using TSRRBT could be an additional treatment for the conventional rehabilitation therapy of chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance. HDT may provide more beneficial effects on improving patients’ sitting balance than LDT.

This study aimed to provide fundamental data of core balance training (CBT) on Cobb angle and isokinetic torque and balance in unilateral exercised athletes. Forty-eight subjects were divided by control group (CON; n=16), non-CBT exercised group in unilateral handed athletes (NEG, n=16), and CBT exercised group in unilateral handed athletes (EG, n=16), respectively. Although the group by time interaction in the Cobb angle and in the isokinetic torque were not significantly changed in the EG, the balance of the EG showed significantly improved. As con-clusions, these results informed that the 16-week CBT would provide a positive effect on the balance except for the Cobb angle and the isoki-netic torque.

Purpose: To examine the effect of biofeedback balance training combined with taping on the lower extremity muscle activity of badminton club members with chronic ankle instability. Methods: Thirty badminton club members were selected as the study participants and divided into a biofeedback balance training group combining taping (experimental group), and a general biofeedback balance training group (control group). Fifteen participants were randomly assigned. Additionally, the study participants implemented biofeedback balance training combining taping and general biofeedback balance training for 30 min five times a week over an 8-week period, after receiving general badminton training. Lower extremity muscle activity was analyzed before the intervention. The peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and tibialis anterior were measured by maximum voluntary isometric contraction in the bare-handed muscle strength test to analyze the lower extremity muscle activity. The above outcomes were equally remeasured, and intergroup analysis was conducted after 8 weeks of intervention. Results: The biofeedback balance training group combining taping (experimental group) showed a significant difference in lower extremity muscle activity compared to the general biofeedback balance training group (control group) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Biofeedback training combining taping is more effective in improving lower extremity muscle activity. Basic data on the possibility of using taping and biofeedback in the field of sports rehabilitation of badminton players could be provided based on this study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in dynamic bal-ance and gross motion function when dual-task training was performed on an unstable support surface by children with spastic diplegia. The subjects of this study were 14 children (experimental group n=7, con-trol group n=7) who were medical diagnosed with spastic diplegia. Both groups were administered treatment for 30 min, 2 times a week for 8 weeks, with the experimental group performing dual-task exercise in which cognitive tasks related to daily living were performed while main-taining balance on an unstable surface, and the control group being ad-ministered neuro-developmental treatment. Balance and gross motor function Assessments were conducted before intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to analyze changes in balance, gross motor function in the group, and the Mann–Whitney test was conducted to compare the differences be-tween the two groups before and after intervention. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in both groups when balance in a sitting position and gross motor function (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in bal-ance and gross motor function assessment (P<0.05). Based on the re-sults of this study, it was confirmed that dual-task training improves bal-ance, gross motor function in children with spastic diplegia. Therefore, dual-task training may be considered as an effective method of inter-vention method in the functional aspect of children with spastic diple-gia.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of visual feedback-based step training on balance and gait abilities in patients after stroke. Methods: In this study, 30 patients after stroke were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 participants each. The experimental group received conventional physiotherapy combined with visual feedback-based step training, whereas the control group received two sessions of conventional physiotherapy. Balance and gait abilities were assessed using the Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up & go (TUG) test, and 10-meter walk test (10MWT). Within- and between-group comparisons were analyzed using paired t-tests and analysis of covariance, respectively. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in balance and gait abilities after the intervention (p<.05). The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in the BBS, TUG, and 10MWT scores, compared with the control group (p<.05) Conclusion: These findings suggest that visual feedback-based step training is an effective intervention for improving balance and gait abilities in patients after stroke. Further studies are needed to validate its long-term effects and optimize training protocols.