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The capital of Goryeo, Gaegyong was formed centering around Song-Ak, the birthplace of Taejo Wang-Gun (the first King of Goryeo Dynasty), with the region of Seong-Geo San, O-Kwan San, and Song-Ak San, where the predecessors of Wang-Gun had lived, as its backgrounds. The capital Gaegyong was born with a historical background of Post Three States, and continued to change according to the reunification of the Post Three States and the historical developments afterwards. The city structure of Gaegyong reflects not only the lifestyle of Goryeo people but also that of the predecessors. This paper examines the formation of Goryeo Gaegyong, and pursues where it is originated. The city structure of Gaegyong has Buddhism, Yin-Yang Pungsu, Confucianism, Taosim, and Shamanism as its ideological background, and take the topography into consideration. The downtown was formed around the cross where the east-west thoroughfare and the north-south one meet. Also, Goryeo enshrined Yuhwa in Dongsinsa in the east of Gaegyong, put the main entrance of the royal palace not in the south but in the east of the city calling it Gwanghwamun, and called it Ilyeok, which means where the sun rises. The people of Goryeo considered Goryeo as a country of arboreal nature and regarded the east as important, which was reflected in the structure of Gaegyong. The people of Goryeo made the unique figure of Gaegyong, taking in the various features of China, Goguryeo, Silla, Balhae, and Gungyae Dynasty in pragmatic ways. The royal palace of the Goryeo was located on a hill with regard to the topography while that of Joseon, Gyeongbokgung, was on a flatland in a straight north-south line. Since Goryeo maintained the palatial system of an empire unlike Joseon, which maintained that of a kingdom, the palace of Goryeo, including both the imperial palace and a royal one, is significantly different in structure from Gyeongbokgung of Joseon, which has only a royal palace. This difference is due to the difference in the world view of the people of the two countries.

In Goryeosa, the chapter of ‘shik-hwa-ji’ shows the social circumstances of Goryeo Dynasty. Based on this chapter, I examined the relief actions of the aged in Goryeo society. In the reign of Hyeon-jong(顯宗), he commanded officials in charge not to slight relief operations of the alienated, handicapped and disabled old people, ‘Hwan-gwa-dok’. I verified the record of his endeavor to display his political commitment by relief action. Men and women in their eighties who were patients or disabled were provided liquor, meal, green tea and linen. This action is comparable to today’s ‘home-helper social service program’ which helps the aged‘Hwan-gwa-dok’ by providing commodities. I also verified the records of issuing the command that the aged over age of 90 should be provided food by district officers and the aged‘Hwangwa-dok’ over age of 70 should be cared by ‘shi-jeong’, a carer, and carers are exempted from military service’. These carers were supporters of the solitude elderly, elderly patients and disable old people‘Hwan-gwa-dok’. This action is comparable to dispatching public service staff to social welfare community fields of today. In addition to practicing administration of saving storage system such as Eui-chang and Sang-pyeong-chang, there were asylums operated for the aged‘Hwan-gwa-dok’. An example of this facility was called ‘Dae-bi-won’ in the record. Based on above records, one aspect of national welfare policy plan such as ‘shi-jeong’: caring service for the aged, which served social service to the elderly‘Hwan-gwa-dok’ could be grasped.