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Oral fluid is inexpensive, non-invasive and easy-to-use, sample collection is also easier than blood. Detection window of drug for oral fluid is less than 24 h, so detection of drugs in saliva may indicate recent drug use. Because oral fluid show similar pharmacokinetics to plasma, it is possible to be used as a surrogate to plasma in the screening of drugs of abuse in oral fluid. Even though drug analysis in oral fluid has many advantages compared to blood and/or urine, drug analysis in saliva have not been performed in Korea. In this study, drug analysis in oral fluid and its application in Korean forensic science were discussed. The physiology of saliva, pharmacokinetics of illicit drugs in oral fluid were reviewed, and our recently reported researches were also summarized. Target drugs in this study were methamphetamine, tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), phenethylamines, ketamine, benzodiazepines and zolpidem. It is very useful to apply oral fluids as an alternative specimen of urine and/or blood for illicit drug analysis in forensic science.

This study analyzed 455 accumulated case files of requested psychophysiological detection of deception tests from various investigation agencies and agencies feedback response of case settlements from 2001 to 2013 at the National Forensic Science department in Seoul, Korea. A total of 638 examinee s polygraph test results of 455 case incidents were evaluated. Agencies feedback responses of the case settlement results were divided into 5 categories; accurate, helpful, different, pending, terminated. Evaluation result showed 89.9 % of overall utility of the lie detection tests. Also, further detailed analysis of different offense types is included in this study.

In the case of a vehicle-bicycle accident, real impact test data are required to improve the reliability of the evaluation of the vehicle velocity, impact spot, etc., but detailed test data have not been opened to the public. In the vehicle-bicycle impact test, the parameters that include the behavior of the dummy and bicycle, and ground friction coefficient are measured. Results of this study will be published in a paper and be used as objective data for the evaluation and simulation of the impact spot and vehicle velocity in the vehicle-bicycle accident.

Sexual violence refers to any sexual act that causes physical, psychological and social pain to individuals or groups. Such act constitutes an infringement of an individual's sexual self-determination by sex. Sexual violence-related crimes represent one of the four social evils that must be eradicated. They are also a significant threat to the lives of women and families. Such crimes can also devastate an entire society so the general public understands the seriousness of these violence. However, an exact understanding of the nature of these crimes remains lacking. We statistically analyzed crimes of sexual violence and develop basic information from 1018 sexual assault cases requested from the police in the second half of 2012 in capital area. The cases of sexual violence-related crimes reported in capital area in the second half of 2012 revealed that 53 % of all sexual violence crimes occurred from 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. and 61 % of the victims of sex crimes are in the 10-20 years old age group. Through statistical analysis of sexual violence-related crime cases, it was determined that the incident type, place and time as well as the age of victims and suspects are not limited. However, we are able to determine vital facts including the time range within which such crimes frequently occur and the age group of victims and suspects. It is important to statistically analyze crimes of sexual violence to demonstrate the seriousness of these crimes and come up with significant data towards understanding the status of sexual violence-related crimes. This way, we hope to be able to contribute to creating a safer society.

Because NFS (National Forensic Service) analyzes a lot of Forensic DNA samples in Korea, it is very important to work very fast and accurately. In NFS DNA analysis section, We have worked using 8 strip PCR tube and 8 channel multi-pipet for sample treatment, and 96 well type CE electrophoresis injection system, so far. NFS has developed and used NFS-LIMS (Laboratory Information Management System) which contains all the informations about the cases and samples. This time, NFS western district office s DNA analysis section has developed a new Excel software to manage total process in DNA analysis which covers from DNA evidence sampling to CE. This Excel software can make a lot of laboratory documents (sampling sheet, DNA sample list, CE injection List, etc.), keep them as a computer file and print them for laboratory use. This software uses NFS-LIMS information and processes samples in 96 unit which is constituted by 8 strip PCR tube x 12 lanes. We (NFS-western DNA Lab) expect that we can work more conveniently, fast and accurately by this new Excel software.

Toluene (methyl benzene) is a widely used organic solvent in many different industry areas. However, it is frequently inhaled by drug abusers, especially in younger generation because of it’s acute effects like excitement or euphoria followed by CNS depression. Inhaled toluene is mostly excreted as hippuric acid, the major metabolite of toluene in urine. Hippuric acid is originated from dietary sources, so it lacks the necessary specificity as a biomarker of toluene. Whereas, -cresol is a minor constituent of urine, But for its less in fluence by background contributions, it is considered as a good biomarker of toluene sniffer. We developed an appropriate method of simultaneous analysis for toluene and -cresol by Head-space GC/FID. Urine was hydrolyzed by incubation in 2N-HCl at 100℃ for 10, 30 and 60 min. In Head-space GC/FID, toluene and o-cresol were detected at 6.553 min & 19.178 min. As hydrolysis time increased, the more detected toluene concentrations in toluene sniffer’s urines were decreased. But -cresol concentrations were detected highest in urine which was hydrolyzed for 30 min.

After a virtual crime task was given to participants, the CIT (Concealed Information Test) was administered to examine the differences in psychophysiological response measures on crime-related and unrelated questions during the test. Data from overall 20 participants were analyzed. All of the participants had to steal an object and their differences in respiration, skin conductance, and heart rate between the crimerelated questions and the unrelated questions during the CIT were measured. The results showed that the respiration was significantly shorter for the crime-related question than the unrelated question. Next, for the skin conductance, crime-related question showed the stronger response than the unrelated questions. The limitations and the implications are discussed in this article.

Bloodstain pattern analysis is a forensic discipline that reconstruct events of a crime scene by analyzing sizes, shapes, distributions and positions of bloodstains. The objective of this research is to evaluate the errors in area of origin evaluations in the effect of parabolic orbit of blood droplets. We generated an impact spatter on the wall using a hammer and measured bloodstains with respect to distance. Then we calculate the area of the origin using Hemospat software. As results, for X-coordinate the rate of error was below 4 %. Estimated X-coordinates show random distribution compared with real x-coordinate. For Ycoordinate the rate of error was below 3 %. Estimated Y-coordinates show random distribution compared with real y-coordinate. For Z-coordinate, as the distance between the origin and the stain goes longer, the zcoordinate of the estimated origin goes higher because of the effect of parabolic motion of the blood droplet. Assuming trajectory was a straight line in the Hemospat software, but the real trajectory was parabolic. Thus the z-coordinate of the estimated area of origin was higher than the real coordinate. As the effect of parabolic motion was stronger, the estimated z-coordinate of the area of origin was higher than that of the real area of origin. We have a plan to develop the algorithm of finding the area of origin including the parabolic motion of blood droplets.

Identification of latent fingerprint in crime scene is one of the most important thing for crime scene investigators. Lots of fingerprint identification methods have been developed to be applied to various kinds of evidence. Nowadays, forensic DNA typing technology showed incredible sensitivity of successful result even from fingerprint. In this study, six kinds of fingerprint identification methods including Ninhydrin, Ninhydrin with heat, DFO, iodine, RTX and CA were examined regarding to their effect to DNA profiling by quantitative analysis of purified DNA using quantitative PCR. The fingerprint chemicals were treated onto the diluted bloodstain on paper following purification of DNA after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. RTX treatment resulted approximately 70 % decrease in DNA concentration showing the most destructive or inhibitory chemicals. Ninhydrin with heat treatment and ninhydrin only treatment showed approximately 50 % and 30 % decrease, respectively. DFO, Iodine and CA showed relatively little effect on DNA concentration of 10 % to 20 % decrease. The effect of fingerprint chemicals on forensic DNA typing was also demonstrated by STR analysis. Latent fingerprint identification and DNA typing are equally important forensic tools. It is necessary to establish a guideline for selection and sequence of latent fingerprint identification method for successful DNA typing from fingerprint.

Between 2006 and 2013 march, 381 parents were killed by their children in Republic of Korea. Parricide is about 5% of all homicides. We retrospectively studied 151 cases of parricide and investigated the association between schizophrenia and the characteristics of children of age, sex, materials and seasons. Present study is an analysis of 163 patricide and 175 matricide. Parricides caused by parents’ mental illness accounted for 39.6 % of all cases. Differences and Similarities were found between cases of patricide and matricide. We also investigate that victims are children and the killers are their parents during the same period. And approximately 44.4 % of the perpetrators attempted suicide following the maternal filicide. However, young mothers with severe mental illness require careful monitoring by mental health support services.

In recent years, illegal acts for evasion of military service have been attempted by applying scopolamine, commercial drug patch (Kimite ) for motion sickness, on the pupils at the physical examination for draft, which induce a pupillary dilatation. Therefore, the cotton wool soaked with cleansing solution of eyeball in suspected candidates has been referred to the NFS to hunt offender. We analyzed nine cases of cotton wool soaked with cleansing solution of eyeball for the detection of scopolamine, main constituent of Kimite . UPLC-Hybrid QTrap-MS/MS could detect trace amount of scopolamine because requested samples are cleansing solution of eyeball, not vitreous humor, blood or urine. One case of nine samples was tested positive, 30.0 pg of scopolamine, with 1 pg of limit of detection, 5 pg of limit of quantitation. In conclusion, our analytic method could, quickly and accurately, evaluate the illegal attempts for applying Kimite on eyeball to avoid the military duty, which may be useful in other institutes.

Forensic DNA database is by using the DNA profile of the felonious criminals DNA analysis method, the database collects of the result of analysis. The identification management system (IMS) of the scientific investigation which is particular through the database retrieval is Forensic DNA database if the DNA profile of the detected from the crime scene evidence of many events DNA profile and suspect related to it is secured. Forensic DNA database needs for legislation of Forensic DNA database for identifying possible convicted offenders and suspects for recordable offences. On 25 January 2010, as legislation of ‘Act on the protection and use of DNA identifying information’ in Korea after long days of dispute. The legal guideline has been set up for operation of forensic DNA database. Forensic DNA database operation system made by National Forensic Service(NFS), National Police Agency, and Supreme Prosecutor’s Office. The database of three organizations is connected and administered. In this report, the cases of the event solved through the database administration were presented. Through these cases, we can know that forensic DNA database provide the criminal justice systems with not only an efficient way of crime solving but also prevention of crime.

Blood at a crime scene is often indicative of some form of physical struggle, assault, or even murder. Blood has the potential to be analysed and used in the identification and incrimination of the perpetrator. To examine this can not only provide clues as to the identity of the offender, but also help investigators develop a detailed picture of the sequence of events which occurred. Because some bloodstains are difficult to identify with the naked eye, initially presumptive tests like leucomalachite green(LMG) or luminol test are essential to confirm its identity. However, not all biological sample may contain sufficient DNA to obtain a DNA profile. Collection, packaging, storage and transportation of samples are very important not to mention the contamination between a crime scene and a laboratory. In this study, three successful cases in which bloodstain played an important role were reported.

We report three homicidal poisoning cases of methomyl which involved in unsuspected ingestion of food containing methomyl. Case 1. A 13-year-old male was found in his bed room by his stepmother. External injury, disease and sign of poisoning were not found during performing autopsy. Methomyl concentration of postmortem femoral blood and gastric content were 0.32 mg/L and 92.7 mg/kg, respectively. Case 2. A 48-year-old male was found by his wife that broke out a cold sweat and breathed hardly in his bed room. He was evacuated to emergency room but died before arrival. Methomyl concentration of heart blood and gastric content were 26.8 mg/L, 569.9 mg/kg, respectively. Case 3. After sharing “Bibimbap” with each other, 5 people were suddenly lose their consciousness. They were transferred to local hospital and got treatment, but one of them died. 5 victims’ blood concentration of methomyl were 1.24 mg/L(died), 1.04 mg/L, 0.94 mg/L, 0.84 mg/L and 0.71 mg/L, respectively.

Gramoxone intion supplemental agent® contains methanol, 10 % polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, 20% sodium ligno sulfate as the surfactant, and various minor components. Methanol is a common ingredient in many solvents, windshield-washing solutions, duplicating fluids, and paint removers. Methanol s metabolites may cause metabolic acidosis, blindness, and death after a characteristic latent period of 6~30 hours. The surfactants commonly used in herbicide products serve several purposes, including acting as promoting uniform spread of herbicide on the leaf surface, wetting agents, and assisting the penetration of herbicide into the leaf. The surfactants is usually considered to be mainly or partly responsible for the toxic effects of various pesticides, inducing gastrointestinal tract, pulmonary, and depressive cardiac effects. We report a case of Gramoxone intion supplemental agent®. For analysis of methanol and self-poisoning polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, it was used GC/FID and LC/MS, respectively. GC/FID method to measure of methanol was used by a Varian GC-3800 with headspace autosampler. For analysis of polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ether, biological specimens were extracted directly with CHCl3. The LC system was coupled to a 3200 QTrap mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization in positive mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Liquid-chromatographic analysis was performed in gradient mode on a Cadenza CD-C18 column (3 ㎛, 100 x 2 mm). The mobile phase consisted of A: 1 % aqueous acetic acid and B: acetonitrile (containing 1 % acetic acid). The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The methanol concentrations were 118 mg/L in peripheral blood, 120 mg/L in heart blood, 122 mg/L in gastric contents and 10 % (v/v) in Gramoxone intion supplemental agent bottle. The retention times and fragment ion ratios of surfactants selected for analysis were equal in biological specimens, compared with those of Gramoxone intion supplemental agent® bottle, which supported the deceased ingested Gramoxone intion supplemental agent. This suggests that the agrichemical poisoning should consider the toxicity of the adjuvants as well as active ingredients.

Autosomal STR (Short Tandem Repeat) analysis is commonly used in forensic science field for personal identification. However, it is impossible to determine identity of monozygotic twins using STR analysis but, there is a case which can be solved because of the nature of identical twin. We found out a male DNA from blanket which suspect through away during his escape matched one of the inmates who has twin brother. Then, police have pointed out inmate’s brother as a suspect and arrest him. We can spot a suspect easily because his twin brother is held in prison although most of the time we have difficulty determining who commit the crime. In these days, there are many scientists run various studies about identification of monozygotic twins. However, we have to solve some of the practical problems like time and cost to apply on the forensic area.

In the case of multiple pileup, the order of collisions is very important issue because it clarifies who is responsible for the accident. To determine the order of collisions, several kinds of method can be adopted, and most suitable method is different case by case. Recently accident scene recording devices such as CCTV and vehicle accident recorder become popular, and considerable number of vehicles is equipped with that kind of devices. Since those devices are more trustworthy than witnesses and more intuitive than marks left on accident vehicles because those can show the accident scene vividly after the fact, the data recorded in those devices can be also useful to determine the order of collisions in the case of multiple pileup. In this report, a case of pileup of three vehicles is introduced in which the order of collisions is determined by analysis of the video recorded in a CCTV installed in the second vehicle from the head.