Earticle

이 글은 한국 언어문화 교육의 내용과 실제는 주로 한국 사회・문화 교육의 차원에서 이루어지지만, 다른 한국어교육의 영역에서도 유용 하다는 점을 전제로 하였다. 즉 한국어교육에서 언어와 문화는 뗄 수 없는 관계라는 점을 전제로 하여, 한국어교육의 맥락에서 이루어지는 언어교육, 문화교육의 통합 교육적 현상을 한국 언어문화 교육이라는 개념으로 포괄하고자 하였다. 그리고 이러한 논의를 통해서 한국 언어문화 교육의 질적 향상 방안을 살펴보는 것을 주된 목적으로 하였다. 이러한 목적을 위해서 세부적으 로는 한국 언어문화 교육 내용의 구체화, 한국 언어문화 교육 방법의 다양화, 한국 언어문화 교육 연구의 심화라는 문제에 초점을 맞추어 그 해결 방안을 모색하였다. 특히 언어문화 교육 방법에서는 필자의 전공인 한국문학 작품을 활용하는 교육적 효용성에 중점을 두고 구체 적인 교수-학습 방법을 제안하였다.

Journal of the International Network for Korean Language and Culture 12-1, 1-22. This study assumes that contents and practices of languagecultural education in Korean language education are useful not only for social-cultural education of Korean language education but also for other areas of Korean language education. As the relation between language and culture is inseparable in Korean language education, this study intends to integrated language education and culture education that are conducted in the context of Korean language education through the concept of language and culture education. The main purpose of this study is to find a qualitative improvement plan for language and culture education in Korean language education. In order to the purpose, this study focuses on actualizing educational contents, diversifying educational methods and intensifying educational researches of language and culture education in Korean language education. Particularly, focusing on educational usefulness, this study offers education methods that make use of Korean literatures that is my major study.(Seoul National University)

Acquiring accurate quantitative and qualitative information is necessary for the technical and scientific management of forest stands. In this study, stratification and systematic random sampling methods were used to estimation of quantitative characteristics in study area. The estimator (((E%)2xT)) was used to compare the systematic random and stratified sampling methods. 100 percent inventory was carried out in an area of 400 hectares; characteristics as: tree density, crown cover (canopy), and basal area were measured. Tree density of stands was compared through systemic random and stratified sampling methods. Findings of the study reveal that stratified sampling method gives a better representation of estimates than systematic random sampling.

Short rotation woody crops belonging to the genera Populus L., Salix L., Pinus L., and Eucalyptus L'Hér. have provided broad economic and ecological benefits throughout the world, including afforestation and reforestation along urban to rural gradients. Within the genus Populus, cottonwoods, poplars, aspens, and their hybrids (hereafter referred to as poplars) have been shown to exhibit favorable genotype × environment interactions, especially in the face of changing climates. Similar growth responses have been reported for Pinus, especially with white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in the North Central United States. This has led to current research priorities focused on ecosystem services for both genera. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) defines cultural, supporting, provisioning, and regulating ecosystem services. The overarching objective of this paper was to synthesize information about the potential of poplars to provide multiple ecosystem services when grown at sites with varying soil and climate conditions across landscape gradients from urban to rural areas. Specific objectives included: 1) providing background of the United States Forest Service and its Research and Development branch, 2) integrating knowledge of current poplar breeding and development with biomass provisioning and carbon regulating ecosystem services as they relate to changing climates in the North Central United States, and 3) providing a case study illustrating this integration through comparisons of poplar with white pine. Our results were evaluated in the context of climate change mitigation, with specific focus on selection of favorable genotypes for sequestering atmospheric carbon and reducing fossil fuel carbon emissions.

The study investigates herbage communities along the altitudinal gradient in northwest Himalaya and highlights the effect of trees on its understory floristic diversity and phytosociology. The study was conducted in nine forests at three elevations viz., chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), mixed and khair (Acacia catechu) forests at elevation E1 (850-1150 m), chir pine, mixed and ban oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) forests at elevation E2 (1151-1600 m) and ban oak, mixed and chir pine forests at elevation E3 (＞1600 m) in a sub-watershed located in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh, India. These were compared grasslands located adjacent to forests. In all, 20 grass, 3 sedge, 2 forb and 4 legume species were recorded in study sites. Jaccard’s coefficient of herbage vegetation was highest between chir pine forests and grasslands, and lowest in khair and ban oak forests. TWINSPAN dendrogram of herbage composition exhibited three subtypes with Apluda mutica, Arundinella nepalensis and Dichanthium annulatum as indicator species. Three groups of plant communities were identified on the basis of their moisture requirement. Peak density and basal area of herbage in forests and grasslands occurred by September. Density and basal area of herbage in grasslands at different elevations ranged from 649.6 to 1347.9 tillers/m2 and 30.0 to 65.7 cm2/m2, respectively, while, in forests it varied from 351.2 to 1005.3 tillers/m2 and 14.9 to 43.9 cm2/m2, respectively. Density and basal area of the herbage in plant communities decreased along the elevation. Under trees in forests the density of herbage decreased up to 77% and basal area up to 62% of their respective values in grasslands.

Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon that refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of one plant on another plant, both crop and weed species, by the release of organic chemicals (allelochemicals) from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, residue decomposition in soil and other processes in both natural and agricultural systems. Allelopathy can affect many aspects of plant ecology including occurrence, growth, plant succession, the structure of plant communities, survival, dominance, diversity, and plant productivity. In this review, we describe the concept of allelopathy, some mechanisms of operation within plants and then focus on a select number of gymnospermous tree genera: Ephedra, Pinus, Taxus, Cedrus, Juniperus, Picea, Cunninghamia and Araucaria. Pinus, Taxus (yew) and Cedrus (cedar) trees have a strong negative allelopathic effect on the germination, growth, or development of other plant species in the forest community.

This study examined the effects of rice straw steaming time and mixing ratio between rice straw and wood particle on the properties of mixed particle board from Acacia mangium Willd wood and rice straw. Rice straw and Acacia mangium Willd wood were collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. The particle board was three-layer particle board with the structural ratio of 1：3：1. The thickness, density and board size of the particle board were 18 mm, 0.7 g/cm3, and 800x800x18 (mm, including trimming), respectively. A resin mixture between commercial Urea-formaldehyde (U-F) adhesive and methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI) adhesive was used with a dosage of 12% for the core layer and 14% for the surface layer. In this experimental design, the steaming time for rice straw was 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes at 100oC. The rice straw-wood mixing ratio was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that both mixing ratio and steaming time affect the properties of the particleboard, but the mixing ratio has a stronger impact. A higher mixing ratio and a longer steaming time resulted in a better quality of particleboard. The optimal steaming time for rice straw was 46.12 minutes with the straw-wood mixing ratio of 29.85% with the following characteristics of the particle board: the modulus of rupture (MOR) of 14.64 MPa, internal bond strength (IB) of 0.382 MPa, thickness swelling (TS) of 8.83%, and board density of 0.7-0.73 g/cm3.

This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological characteristics of forest cover types which were classified by cluster analysis in the natural forest of Sobaeksan on the basis of the vegetation data from the point-quarter sampling method. Recognized forest cover types were 1) Mixed mesophytic forest, 2) Taxus cuspidata forest, 3) Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus mongolica forest, 4) Betula ermanii forest, 5) Pinus densiflora forest, 6) Quercus mongolica mixed forest, and 7) Quercus mongolica pure forest. For those of classified types, the species composition was expressed by importance value (IV) to describe the community floristically. The species diversity was quantified using the Shannon's diversity index. The results showed that the forest cover types were characteristically different from one another in growing species and compositional rates, depending upon the type which was formed by a number of similar vegetational sample points. Species diversity indices (H') of total and overstory both were the highest in the mixed mesophytic forest (3.530 and 2.880, respectively), and lowest in the Q. mongolica pure forest (2.122 and 0.000, respectively) with only one canopy species. The highest species diversity in the mixed mesophytic forest may due to the relatively high species richness and evenness in the forest cover types. The description on ecological characteristics were suggested to understand the formation and development of forest cover types in this study area.

Hyangro-bong is located on the northern side of the civilian access control line and therefore has gone through natural ecological succession without human interference. Currently, it forms a distinctive natural ecosystem in which rare wild animals and plants are various. It is located in the Baekdudaegan mountain system and plays an ecologically important role as a bridge that connects the Geumgang mountain and Seorak mountain. This study investigated the flora of the eastern parts, Forest Genetic Resources Reserve Area, of Hyangro-bong. A total of 363 vascular plants that belonged to 77 families, 206 genera, 310 species, 3 subspecies, and 47 varieties were found in the study area. Rare and endangered plants identified in this study included the critically endangered Swertia wilfordii and endangered Irisuniflora var. caricina. Furthermore, 4 vulnerable species, Hanabusaya asiatica, Codonopsis pilosula, Leontopodium japonicum, and Taxus cuspidata, were found. A total of 7 families and 14 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve and Clematis fusca var. coreana were confirmed as endemic plants. Naturalized plants belonging to 4 families, 11 genera, and 13 species were distributed along the Hyangro-bong forest roads.