Earticle

We reveal substance of the Baekje(百濟) the history of the early periods, but a the most important problem is just the Samguksagi(三國史記) initial record distrust. The most Korean ancient history researcher a few values of the Samkugji Dongijeon(三國志 東夷傳) to have listened to are distrusting an initial record of the Samguksagi. They cannot bring a reason to distrust of the early Records in the Samguksagi based on only the existing common view to light concretely while being reasonable. However, the outline that the Three States are early rather can be somewhat exposed if they see the early Records in the Samguksagi in a viewpoint to admit. If this that those the historical materials admits the possibility that a selection or rejection became when it edites the Samguksagi, even which remain historical materials which did cannot throw away. Therefore, the researcher whom we just stand the Baekje the history of the early periods while admitting a record, and go out is necessary for the Samguksagi(三國史記) Baekjebongi(百濟本紀)

The report of Jeong Yeo-Rip's treason plot to the authorities in 1589 came from the Hwanghae-do province, not from the Jeolla-do province where he lived. The reason was that in the Hwanghae-do province Westerners(Seoin) outnumbered Easterners(Dongin), and that the Song Ik-Pil brothers resorted to trickery, who were degraded to a low rank of servant and secluded there by the Dongin. Therefore, the incident was not the plain plot of the treason, but the massacre from the fabricated plot of treason on Jeong Yeo-Rip, where Jeong Cheol and Song Ik-Pil took the lead in purging the Dongin. There is an opinion that Jeong Yeo-Rip's treason plot was real, but I think that the analysis of the related evidences shows that the contention was illogical, so it was a pure fabrication. The plot began from Yang Cheon-Hoe's memorial to the throne at Jeong Cheol's instigation, and escalated to the massacre with Jeong Jip's written statement, Nakan's scholar Son Hung-Bok's statement and Jeong Am-Su's memorial to the throne. Most of the concerned men were tortured to death before the conclusion of the judgement. The investigation was to get rid of the political rivals and the mortal enemies, not to find out the truth of the affair. King Sonjo have to share the responsibility with the Dongin for the deterioration of the situation, because he passively dealt with the plot, to leave Jeong Cheol in full charge of the judgement. It was not long before he dismissed Jeong Cheol of his office and deported him, to the result of the establishment of the Dongin government. This was to heighten the dependence of the factions upon the king himself. And the incident occurred at the early stage of the factional strife in the Joseon political scene. In this light, the disadvantages, not the advantages, of the faction politics should be examined a little more. According to the current theory of the faction politics, the political history of the late Joseon have been explained by the way of the symmetrical dichotomy, such as Padang or Bungdang. But the theory cannot explain the political scene after the conflict of the Dongin and the Seoin. The massacre of 1589 left many wrong heritages. Factional strife became hereditary, and the diversity of the thought was more suppressed, and the Dongin began to diverge into the Namin and the Bukin. Moreover the incident became a precedent of the intrigue and the murder to purge political rivals, and to seize the political power. Finally it was not real that the incident had an unfavorable influence upon the Jeolla-do province. There were no disadvantages against the hometown of Jeong Yeo-Rip from the government, which in turn proves the fabrication of his treason plot.

In this paper, the characteristics of the historiographer(史官) as an archivist have been researched. According to the current documentary management law, an archivist has to have some appropriate qualifications. Handing down to posterity, the judgment of an archivist is very important because it decides the maintenance of the records themselves, and further that of the personal historical records personal or national ones. In the same manner, to be a historiographer, there should be several conditions or qualifications as well. Above all, they should have knowledge, scholarly attainments and social conditions as a Confucianist. They should pass the test of liberal arts, have the ability to narrate history, broad historical knowledge, can face up to the reality to judge right from wrong, should be from the noble class, and should be honest not to be contrary to public opinions. So the historiographer appointed by these strict conditions and procedures has a privilege not to be interrogated when his faults are not heavy. Historiographers in Joseon dynasty carried out the tasks of collection, maintenance, compilation, evaluation, and preservation of documentaries. The archivists of now carry out the collection of registered documentaries from all the administrations, but the historiographers directly participated in producing records. They recorded all of the administrative works done by not only the King, but also by the central and local governments. They collected data to compile administrative businesses, kinds of previous businesses, and chronicles. Seen above, they not only preserved the documentaries but also produced the records directly. The documentaries recorded and compiled by the historiographers were made based on the historical one among the values of administrative, historical, and informative which contemporary documentaries aim for. That's because the records were made based on the Confucian theory of history description that the historical records could be used as a mirror for the descendants. Therefore the facilities for keeping the government records were not located downtown, but in the deep mountain. Because they were not for the public to read, but for safe keeping and preservation. In evaluating the documentaries, archivists decide the maintenance and abolition of them objectively based on the administrative and historical values, but that of historiographers is a little different from archivists. They described affairs and persons in chronicles and add historical essays on them as well; therefore historiographers did more subjective and direct attempts than archivists when performing evaluation.

At the time period of king Suk-Jong in Joseon dynasty, Hong Woo-Jeon performed an active role as the representative journalist. His son Hong Gae-Hee was also famous as the representative politician in the time of king Yeong-jo. Especially, Hong Woo-Jeon exerted a great influence on his son Hong Gae-Hee about the policy of Gyunyeok-bob(均役法) known as the land reform. In the period of king Jeong-Jo, his family was perished because of rebellion suspicion to their family. The writer is deeply interested in the legend of their family and Hong Woo-Jeon's gravestone in Jeonju in Honam region. Research was concerned with the original character of his family which was handed down from his ancestors lived in Jeon-Ju and at last it was confirmed. The ruin of his family was started and was ascertained from the place known as Gumiri village. Currently reserch is forcursed on Bongdong Eup, Wanju Gun country, JoellaBug-do province. Hong Woo-Jeon built his house in this region. His son Hong Gae-Hee passed in the national qualified examination in Jeonju and began to manage a lot of farmland in this area, in the time of king Yeong-Jo. Hong Woo-Jeon passed in the examination of “Jinsa(進士)” which was lower grade than national qualified examination started his official carrier Jinan town official, Hamyang Gun country governor, Geongsang-do provincial governor. In 1719, at the age of 57, he passed national qualified examination and promoted to the rank of "Daesahoen (大司憲)“ eqivalent to the Board of Audit and Inspection nowadays and he had a great role as sect of No-ron(老論). He had a deep knowledge on the land reform and economical policy, and exerted a great influence on his son Hong Gae-Hee. After the great oppression and massacre on politician known as “Sin-Yim Sa-Hwa(辛壬士禍)", he retird from officialdom and return to his native town in Go-san and finally remved and settled in Gwichon, Jeonju. He dreamt of coming back political life and opposed to king Jeong-Jo policy of “policy of equality(蕩平策)" and died in 1728. Hong Woo-Jeon was influenced deeply by "Lee-Sang", leader of No-ron(老論) known as sect of Elderly politician, and at the same time, "Lee-Jae, Lee-Sang's grandson a great deal of ideological influence on Hong Gae-Hee. Accordingly, in Honam area, historic remaims connected with Hong Gae-Hee was witnessed here and there, especially, Hong Su-Jae's old house where he lived in Kimje, Mangyeong and Mongsan, simultaneous the writer has succeeded to ascertain in monument linked with Hong Woo-Jeon at Gosan, Wanju Gun in JeolaBuk-do province and his old house known as "Hong Sul-Hae house" at Bong-Dong, In afire-mentioed country and province.

The aim of this paper is to investigate Dumin(頭民) who played an important role in a village(洞) in the late Joseon dynasty. I have endeavored to find out the main point about Dumin(頭民), such as who could be a Dumin, what was their role or duty in the village and what corrupt practices they aroused. The Dumin, as pointed out by Oh Hoeng-Muk, the magistrate of Gido(智島) in 1897, was the man who take the responsibility for the life of village people. In generally Dumin was elected by village people. But if a man want to be a Dumin, he must be a man of learning and win the respect of all people in village. I presumed the role of Dumin in village was to collect taxes and to keep the security and property of the villager. In addition to that, Dumin communicated the order of the magistrate of the county to villager, and reported the villager's demands to superior. But after 1895, many misdoings which caused by Dumin came into existence, and these gave a baneful influence to the villager. For example, Dumin privatized the land which was in possession of nation and collected taxes from villager absurdly. Often The Dumin made the evil practices in conspiracy with Japanese who wanted to plunder economic wealthy from Korea. So sometimes the japanese took advantage of Dumin to achieve their goal.

Korea features a maritime country of a peninsular surrounded by 3 sides of sea. therefore, sea feeds its eatables for human as main staple to live as well as hunting in land since human exists. As a result, traditional fishing methods have developed their variety, Hamjeong fishing method(Catching fish in a trap) as one of them have been carried out in Korean sea shore up to now. It is called Jeongchi fishing method(fixed shore net) using a difference of ebb and flow of the tide to catch fish in a trap. Hamjeong fishing method has been carried out in Chungcheong, Jeolla in West and South coast of Korean Peninsular as well as Gyeongsang Province based on the reason that these areas meet their necessaries of fishing conditions. what are the conditions of necessaries of fishing conditions? A big difference of ebb and flow of the tide influences to create huge tide land, islands and saw-toothed coast line which will be considered the best condition for this fishing method. This generation of Hamjeong fishing method is well match with Gunsan's natural condition and we can trace its origin back to the earlier period of Gunsan. This dissertation only clarifies and investigates traditional Hamjeong fishing Method in the region of Gunsan and Gogunsan archipelago including islands in west coast of Korean Peninsular and the mouth of Geum River and Mankyeong River which are the target of my study for its history, circumstances, traces we can find and the its future. The Hamjeong Fishing Method is characterized by two kind of environmental elements. The first is the artificial environmental change which has influenced to it. the other is that we can confirm the various different forms of Hamjeong Fishing Method. In addition to this, we can grasp the situation of this traditional Hamjeong Fishing Method. We can say that this Hamjeong Fishing Method will be carried out in wide range of Gunsan Area including Gogunsan Archipelago at a large scale. In addition, We can clarify and find a solution for the lost Hamjeong Fishing Method for the better future of it and establish it right identification. Moreover, I can be sure of showing the better way for development of both cultural and tourism asset.