Earticle

In the wake of rapid economic growth in 1960s the Korean economy has been faced with a risk of economic offense, especially with a high risk of illegal activities for crime returns in financial markets. Moreover inevitable liberalization and internationalization of the Korean economy make the unfavorable risk of financial markets worse so far. In the perspective of economics of crime, with a scheme of matrix of illegal risk and policing cost minimization (effectiveness and efficiency) this study is to analyze the trends of recent illegal activities, and to grope for strategy and institutional countermeasures against financial crime. To put it more concretely, it proposes some suggestions which comprise the improvement of laws and regulations, the securing of specialized organization in the phase of institutional design. In addition, it recommends the establishment of advanced risk management and valued information system, and the building of a cooperative policing system among the interested players on the prudent policy mix and governance in the phase of institutional implementation.

환경(Environment)은 헌법에서 보장된 국민의 기본권으로 헌법 제35조는 “모든 국민은 건강하고 쾌적한 환경에 서 생활할 권리를 가지며, 국가와 국민은 환경보전을 위하여 노력하여야 한다”로 규정하고 있다. 환경치안 확보를 위해 활동하고 있는 특별사법경찰은 개인이나 기업이 공유자원인 공기, 물, 지표(토양) 등의 무분별 한 이용으로 환경오염과 환경훼손을 야기하며 이윤을 추구하는 환경범죄를 단속하는 수사기관이다. 환경분야 특별사법경 찰은 1990년 「사법경찰관리의 직무를 행할 자와 그 직무범위에 관한 법률」에서 환경보전법, 폐기물관리법 등 2개 법률 의 지명으로 시작하여 2015년 7월 현재는 31개 법률을 지명사무로 하고 있다. 그동안 환경분야 특별사법경찰의 직무확대는 산업구조의 근대화, 공업지역의 형성, 인구의 도시집중, 등 사회발전과 그에 따른 환경오염의 심화로 환경행정 법규 위반 사범이 증가하게 되었고 지속적으로 환경개별법의 신설에 따른 것이다. 그러나 직무범위 확대는 인력의 전문성 부족으로 많은 문제점이 양산하고 있다 본 연구에서는 환경특별사법경찰을 운영하고 있는 국가기관과 지방자치단체의 특별사법경찰 전담부서를 고찰하고 제주자치경찰단 특별사법경찰이 제주도의 환경치안 확보를 위한 활동현황을 분석하여 개선점을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 특별사법경찰의 환경사범 단속업무에 효율화를 꾀하고 수사능력의 재고와 함께 합리적 발전방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

The environment is a fundamental right of citizens guaranteed in the Constitution, and the article 35 stipulates, “All citizens have the right to a healthy and comfortable environment, and the State and all citizens shall endeavor to protect the environment.” Environmental special judicial police is an investigative agency to crack down on environmental crimes caused by individuals or companies in pursuit of profits by indiscriminate use of air, water, and soils that results in environmental contamination and damage. Environmental special judicial police began in 1990 with the nomination of two law including Environmental Conservation, Waste Management Act in the “Perform the duties of judicial police administration, and the law relating to the duty of range,” and in 2015, currently has 31 laws as appointed Secretary. Job enlargement of Environmental special judicial police has been in accordance with such: increase in the administrative violations, as well as constant establishment of an environment specific identification method caused by deepening of environmental pollution and social development due to modernization of the industrial structure, the formation of industrial areas, urban population concentration, etc. However, expanding job scope holds many problems due to lack of professionalism on the staff. In this study, we will examine special judicial police of the state environmental agencies and local governments, which operates environmental special judicial police unit. We will also analyze the activities for special judicial police of Jeju self-governing police group to look for improvements. Through this study, We tried to present a rational development plan, along with examine investigation capabilities, seeking effectiveness of the environmental enforcement activities for the special judicial police.