Earticle

본 연구는 치매노인의 인지재활서비스 이용의사에 영향을 미치는 요인을 앤더슨 행동모형(소인요인, 가 능성요인, 욕구요인)에 근거하여 실증분석함으로써 치매문제의 효과적 대응과 관련한 서비스내용 관점에서 의 정책적 ․ 실천적 시사점을 얻는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 강원지역 6곳의 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 치매노인 200명을 2단계 표집과정을 통해 확보하고, 구조화된 설문지를 통한 개 별적 방문대면조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집한 자료는 영향요인 여부와 수준 등 절대적 ․상대적 효과를 확인하기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 소인요인의 가족지지도와 가능 성요인의 인지재활서비스 필요도가 각각 중요한 변수로서 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 가능성 요인의 기초생활보장수급여부는 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 요인별 상대적 중요도에 서는 가능성요인이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 원활한 인지재활서비스 이용을 통한 효 과적 치매대응을 위해 단순한 일면적 치료접근을 탈각한 재활 및 상담 등을 포함한 다면적 지원접근으로의 전환을 전제로, 가족상담 및 교육 등을 통한 가족 내 지원과 병식증진을 도모하는 것이 필요하며, 기초생활 보장 수급자 등 경제적 이유로 인한 서비스이용제한을 해결하기 위한 다양한 경제적 지원노력도 필요함을 제언하였다.

This study set out to conduct empirical analysis of factors influencing the intention to use recognition rehabilitation service among the elderly with dementia based on Anderson's model(predisposing, enabling, and need factors), thus providing basic data to offer policy and practical implications from the perspective of service content related to effective responses to the dementia issues. For those purposes, the study sampled 200 senior citizens with dementia in six communities in Gangwon Province through a two-stage sampling process and collected data from them by paying them an individual visit and doing face-to-face survey with a structured questionnaire. Collected data were put to hierarchical regression analysis to check absolute and relative effects including whether there were influential factors or not and what levels of influence they had. The analysis results show that family support, a predisposing factor, and need for recognition rehabilitation service, an enabling factor, turned out to have positive(+) effects as important variables. Receiving Basic Livelihood Security, an enabling factor, had negative(-) effects. As for the relative importance of factors, the enabling factors turned out to have the biggest impacts. Based on the premise of shift from a simple single-faceted therapy approach to a multi-faceted support approach including rehabilitation and counseling to make effective responses to dementia through smooth uses of recognition rehabilitation service, there is a need to promote family support and insight into disease through family counseling and education. It was also proposed to provide various economic supports to solve the limited access to service due to economic reasons including recipients of Basic Livelihood Security.

Abstract : This study involved the perception of activity, participation, satisfaction, and Youth Policy Youth Activities characteristics impact on the lives of competence is to evaluate the study conducted. This concept of Activities and Status of Youth Policy, and look at the relationship between life competencies 2010 August 9 to 11 participated in the National Youth Participation Conference and Steering Committee member of the Youth Participation Committee surveyed 212 adolescents was 202 people. Analysis of the final questionnaire, Policy Activities The mean duration of 1 year, 2 months and about the necessity and importance of higher degree of awareness and active participation in the average of 7.9 points was high. The level of participation (38.1%) voluntarily participated in the youth and adults and the decision making process as a step response with an average of 7.05 points and satisfaction showed high satisfaction. Capacity of youth living usually slightly higher than the average 3.65 points, showed the lives of youth competency factors affecting the Youth Policy recognizes the importance of the degree of active participation and involvement was merely. Activities of this study the effectiveness of youth policies and strategies that empower the lives of youth and will be looking for ways to help.

마약류범죄의 증가에 관한 정부의 대책으로 공급사범에 대한 강력처벌과 투약사범에 대한 치료보호정책이 병행되고 있다. 특히 현재 마약류범죄의 효과적인 처우방법으로서 처벌보다는 사회내처우의 일환으로 보호관찰이 많이 이용되어지고 있으나 효과성이나 실효성과 관련하여 많은 논란이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 보호관찰 대상 중에 있는 마약류 범죄자들에 대한 각종 현황자료 및 재범률 등을 검토하고 효과적인 마약류 보호관찰정책을 모색하려 하였다. 이를 위해서 현재 보호관찰 대상인 마약류 범죄자들을 상대로 구조화된 설문지를 배부하고 이의 분석을 통해 마약류 범죄자가 범죄를 저지르게 되는 요인을 분석하였다. 특히 재범요인으로 위험성측면 및 욕구측면 관련 요인을 확인하였다. 물론 많은 유의미한 결과가 산출되지는 않았지만 조사결과 재범여부와 인구사회학적 특성과의 연관성을 확인한 결과 재범여부와 여성보다 남성의 경우에 더 높은 재범가능성이 있으며, 월평균 가구소득이 낮을수록 재범가능성이 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 음주를 하는 경우에 재범가능성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재범여부와 위험성측면과 관련하여서 생활주거 환경과 술 및 도박 등으로 인해 문제를 가지고 있는 보호관찰 대상자의 경우가 보다 높은 재범의 가능성을 보였으며, 욕구측면에 있어서는 법위반에 대한 부정적 영향의 인식, 관습적 활동이나 가치에 대한 거부감, 판결의 공정성이나 적절성에 대한 불만, 사회에 대한 부정적 시각 등을 가지고 있는 보호관찰 대상자의 경우가 보다 높은 재범의 가능성을 보인다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 마약류보호관찰대상자의 재범을 방지하기 위해서는 가정 및 사회복지적 접근, 위험성환경의 제거, 올바른 가치관 정립교육을 필요로 하며 이를 위해서는 종합적이고 체계적 접근의 치료재활이 이루어질 수 있도록 재원마련과 정책적 지원을 하여야 할 것이다.

Drugs are related to crime. It is a direct crime to use, possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs which have the potential for abuse. Cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and amphetamines are examples of drugs classified to have abuse potential. The effects drugs have on the user’s behavior also has relation to crime. Drugs generate violence and other illegal activities such as trafficking. The contemporary debate about punishment versus treatment for drug-using criminal offenders often revolves around the pragmatic issue of the extent to which treatment is more effective than punishment at reducing the probability of subsequent criminal behavior. However, recently this policy has been changing by starting system of remedy and rehabilitation such as counseling program for taking-drug offenders, expansion of remedy facility, and improvement of environment. This study focused on indentifying possible risk and desire factors associated with follow-up drug probationers, and supposing that those factors could be associated with their second offenses. But it failed to yield so much significant findings. Nevertheless, this study has its own significance in a sense that it explored various risk factors and desires of adults under probation according to empirical data, and suggested formulated measures useful in practice to select and categorize appropriate treatments. It was suggested that many various method should be provided with rehabilitation of drug probationers such as education for youth at school, reformatory education, Narcotics anonymous meeting, publicity, campaign, TV advertisement, improvement of remedy environment, expansion of remedy facilities.

Background/Aims: The presence of individual cancer cells at the invasive tumor front is referred to as tumor budding (TB). The purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathological significance of TB in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). Methods: A total of 939 patients who received radical surgery for EGC were included in this retrospective study. We assessed clinicopathological features in relation to TB including the grade of histologic differentiation, the extent of invasion depth, the width of submucosal (SM) invasion, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), lymph node metastasis (LNM) and perineural invasion (PNI). Results: TB was identified in 59.5% of the patients with EGC, 38.7% of the patients with mucosal invasive cancer, and 80.4% of the patients with SM invasive cancers. TB showed significant association with male sex, undifferentiated tumor types, SM invasion, LVI, PNI, and LNM. The presence of SM invasion (odds ratio [OR], 8.750; p<0.001), TB (OR, 5.586; p<0.001), and an undifferentiated-type histology (OR, 2.648; p=0.0005) were found to be significantly associated with LNM/LVI. TB was the sole significant risk factor for LNM/LVI (OR, 7.181; p=0.0016) among the mucosal invasive cancers. In SM invasive cancers, three independent risk factors for LNM/ LVI were identified: a tumor located in the lower third of the stomach (OR, 3.425; p=0.0061), an undifferentiated-type histology (OR, 2.320; p=0.0177), and an SM invasion width greater than 4,000 μm (OR, 2.849; p=0.0041). Conclusions: TB may be an important factor associated with LNM, particularly in mucosal gastric cancer.

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship among social factor, psychological need factor, and motivational factor for enhancing learning engagement. Based on the literature review, perceived instructors’ autonomy support was determined as a social factor, perceived academic autonomy and academic competence were chosen as psychological need factors, and self-determined motivation was selected as a motivational factor. The proposed model was tested with 453 university students in Korea, and structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the proposed model and the causal relationships among the variables. This study showed that perceived instructors’ autonomy support positively and directly influenced perceived learners’ academic autonomy and academic competence, and these perceived academic autonomy and academic competence directly influenced learners’ self-determined motivation which in turn directly influenced learning engagement. Furthermore, academic autonomy had an indirect effect on learning engagement, and academic competence had both direct and indirect effects on learning engagement. These findings offer theoretical background and practical implications for university students to enhance learning engagement by promoting self-determined motivation and autonomy support in a learning environment.

The recent entry into information society as well as the development and universalization of the Internet through rapid development of ICT technology produced a new educational method called PMP learning. PMP learning overcomes restrictions of previous education methods in terms of time and space and allows the learners to customize their learning environments according to their leads, providing voluntary education that centers on the learners. This study aims to verify the causal relationship in academic achievement of PMP learners through the theory of basic psychological desire, learning satisfaction, and learning metastasis. In order to accomplish this, a study model which applies perceived autonomy, perceived competence, and perceived relationship, which are major variables of the theory of basic psychological desire, was presented. For practical verification of the study model, survey analysis was conducted for students of R High School in Hamyang. Through this, the study aims to provide basic materials for improving the academic achievement of learners in PMP learning. It also plans to suggest educational effects that can be obtained by supporting intrinsic motivation of learners.

The significance of hydrogen economy and production technology is steadily increasing. This research reviewed strategies for utilizing hydrogen production technology by combining a multi-layer model, strategic niche management, and the need factor for Hoship. The model was validated as a strategy considering hydrogen production technology and the transformation of the energy system. Using this, a new business model for hydrogen production technology was created, finding a strategic niche and sophisticating the technology. It also proposed ways to unlock the potential of hydrogen production technology and improve its efficiency. This work contributes to the commercialization of hydrogen production technology and its role in sustainable energy conversion. It proposes a new and effective approach for utilizing hydrogen production technology, going beyond its limitations to suggest a more efficient method. It is hoped that these results will be helpful to researchers in hydrogen energy, and serve as a reference for establishing ways to utilize hydrogen production technology.

본 연구는 자율성, 유능성, 관계성의 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절이 각기 고유한 영역특수성을 가지고 있지만, 동시에 전반적 욕구충족으로 수렴되는 위계구조를 가지고 있는지, 특히 욕구만족과 욕구좌절이 욕구충족의 연속체를 구성하고 있는지 살펴보았다. 초등학생 427명이 응답한 자료를 활용하여 기본심리욕구 만족과 좌절의 측정모형을 검증한 결과, CFA, ESEM, B-CFA 모형에 비해 B-ESEM이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 욕구만족과 욕구좌절을 각각 일반요인으로 상정한 이중 일반요인 모형에 비해 욕구만족과 욕구좌절을 포괄하는 기본심리 욕구충족의 단일 일반요인 모형이 자료에 더 부합하여 욕구만족과 좌절의 단일 연속체 가설을 지지하였다. 유능성만족과 유능성좌절이 기본심리 욕구충족의 중심개념을 구성하고 있는 반면, 자율성좌절은 가장 높은 영역특수성을 나타냈다. 욕구충족 일반요인은 본 연구에서 살펴본 모든 적응변인(수업참여, 친사회적 행동, 긍정정서, 내재동기와 동일시조절) 및 부적응변인(수업이탈, 공격성, 부정정서, 외적조절, 내사조절, 무동기)과 유의미한 관계가 있었다. 또한 각 욕구별 영역특수요인은 욕구충족 일반요인을 통제한 후에도 각기 다른 결과변인들과 여전히 유의미한 관계가 있음을 검증함으로써 각 욕구만족 및 욕구좌절의 고유한 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 욕구만족과 욕구좌절이 서로 독립적이고 구별되는 개념이지만 동시에 단일 연속체를 이루고 있음을 확인함으로써 기본심리 욕구충족의 의미와 요인구조, 및 효과를 체계적으로 검증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study examined the multidimensionality of basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration through the application of a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (B-ESEM) framework. Specifically, this study examined whether need satisfaction and frustration were better represented as two opposite ends of the same continuum or as two distinct constructs. Using a sample of 427 elementary school students, the results supported the multidimensional B-ESEM representation including one global factor of need fulfillment and six specific factors as the combination of satisfaction and frustration with autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Indicators of both competence satisfaction and competence frustration loaded strongly on the general factor, suggesting that competence was crucial for students’ global levels of basic psychological need fulfillment. Most items dropped into meaningful specificity once the global factor was accounted for, while autonomy frustration showed the highest specificity. Furthermore, global need fulfillment significantly explained all adaptive outcome variables (class engagement, prosocial behavior, positive emotions, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation) and all maladaptive outcome variables (class disengagement, aggression, negative emotions, introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation). Specific factors explained the variance in certain outcome variables over and above the variance already explained by the global factor of need fulfillment, highlighting the importance of accounting for specific need satisfaction and frustration factors in addition to the global level of need fulfillment. This study suggests that the conceptualization of students’ basic psychological needs should be as two opposite ends of the same continuum rather than as two distinct constructs.

우리나라의 합계출산율은 1980년 2.82명을 기록한 이후 꾸준한 감소 추세를 보였고, 1997년 경제 위기를 겪게 되면서 저출산 현상이 심화되는 경향을 보였다. 그리하여 2005년에는 합계출산율이 1.076명으로 OECD 국가들 중에서도 최저수준을 기록하였다. 특히 우리나라의 경우는 유례를 찾기 어려울 정도로 저출산 현상의 심화가 빠르게 나타났다는 점에서 해결의 실마리를 찾기가 더욱 어려울 수밖에 없다. 이러한 저출산 현상을 극복하기 위하여 중앙정부를 비롯한 지방자치단체들까지 출산장려정책을 시행하며 많은 노력을 기울여 왔지만 그 효과는 기대에 미치지 못하고 있다. 그러므로 저출산 현상에 대한 보다 근본적인 요인을 분석할 필요가 있다는 입장에서 본 연구는 자녀의 필요성에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였다. 다른 ‘군’지역 보다 상당히 낮은 출산율을 보이는 청도군의 기혼여성 297명을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 바탕으로 하여 자녀에 대한 필요성에 어떤 요인이 영향을 주는가를 분석해 봄으로써 보다 구체적인 출산장려방안 모색에 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 특히 기혼여성의 취업여부가 자녀의 필요성에 큰 영향을 줄 것으로 판단하여 조사 대상을 취업/비취업 여성으로 나누어 로짓 모형을 사용하여 분석하였다. 취업여성의 경우 주택소유여부(+), 자산(+), 가구소득(-) 등이 통계학적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며, 비취업여성의 경우 가구소득(-)만이 통계학적으로 유의미한 요인으로 분석되었다.

The total fertility rate (TFR) of South Korea was 2.82 in 1980 and, since then it had decreased continuously. It worsened after experiencing the financial crisis in 1997. As a result, TFR recorded 1.076, the lowest level among OECD countries, in 2005. Moreover, the fast decline of TFR makes it hard to find a suitable solution to raise TFR. So the central and local governments established various childbirth encouragement policies, but they have not showed satisfying results. Therefore, to find more fundamental factors which affect TFR, this study analyzes ‘necessity of having children.’ The data used is 297 married women in Cheongdo-gun, which has the lowest TFR compared with other rural areas, and the data is classified as the employed and the non-employed. The results show that the owner of house (+), amount of assets (+), and household income (-) have statistically significant effect on the necessity of having children in the employed, but only household income (-) is so in the non-employed.

본 연구의 목적은 초, 중, 고 학교급별로 학생들의 자율성, 유능성, 관계성의 기본심리욕구 만족 및 좌절의 다차원성 요인구조를 검증하여 기본심리욕구의 중심개념을 확인하고, 일반적 기본심리욕구 충족, 개별 욕구의 만족 및 좌절 요인과 자기결정성 동기의 관계를 확인하는데 있었다. 이를 위해 초․중․고등학생 총 1,133명을 대상으로 학교급별로 기본심리욕구 만족 및 좌절의 요인구조를 검증한 결과, 모든 학교급에서 욕구충족 일반요인과 개별 욕구만족 및 욕구좌절의 6요인으로 구성된 Bifactor-Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling이 자료에 가장 잘 부합하였다. 모든 학교급에서 공통적으로 지각하는 기본심리욕구 충족의 중심개념은 유능성 만족이었다. 모든 학교급에서 기본심리욕구 충족은 모든 동기 조절유형을 유의미하게 예측하였으며, 기본심리욕구 충족이 통제된 후에도 개별 욕구의 만족 및 좌절은 일부 동기 조절유형을 유의미하게 예측하였다. 구체적으로, 초등학교급에서 유능성 만족은 확인된 조절을 정적으로 예측하였으며, 중학교급에서 유능성 만족은 확인된 조절과 내재적 조절, 유능성 좌절은 무동기, 관계성 만족과 좌절은 내사 조절을 정적으로 예측하였다. 고등학교급에서 유능성 만족은 내재적 조절, 유능성 좌절은 내사 조절, 관계성 만족은 확인된 조절을 정적으로 예측하였다. 모든 학교급에서 자율성 좌절은 모든 동기 조절유형을 유의미하게 예측하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 청소년의 자율동기를 유발하고 동기의 내면화를 돕기 위해서 모든 욕구가 만족되고 좌절되지 않는 것이 중요하지만, 특히 유능성 욕구의 만족이 중요함을 강조하였다. 교육적 함의 : 초, 중, 고의 모든 학교급에서 공통적으로 학생들의 기본심리욕구 충족에 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 욕구는 자율성이나 관계성에 비해 유능성 만족이었다. 본 연구는 청소년의 자기결정성 동기를 내면화하고, 자율동기를 촉진하기 위해서 특히 유능성을 만족시키고, 좌절시키지 않는 학습 환경이 제공되어야 함을 알려준다. 이러한 노력은 학생들의 유능성의 만족뿐만 아니라 전반적인 기본심리욕구의 충족을 촉진하는 데에도 도움이 될 것이다.

The aim of this study was to examine the multidimensional factor structure of satisfaction and frustration with basic psychological needs?autonomy, competence, and relatedness?across elementary, middle, and high school levels. The relationships between need fulfillment, individual need satisfaction and frustration, and self-determined motivation were also explored. Data from 1,133 students across these school levels were analyzed using bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling(B-ESEM), which showed that a model with a single general factor for need fulfillment and six specific factors for individual need satisfaction and frustration best fit the data. Competence satisfaction emerged as the core concept of perceived need fulfillment across all school levels. Need fulfillment significantly predicted all types of motivational regulation, and even after controlling for it, individual need satisfaction and frustration continued to predict various types of motivational regulation. Specifically, in elementary school, competence satisfaction positively predicted identified regulation. In middle school, competence satisfaction positively predicted both identified and intrinsic regulation, while competence frustration positively predicted amotivation. Relatedness satisfaction and frustration positively predicted introjected regulation. In high school, competence satisfaction positively predicted intrinsic regulation. Competence frustration positively predicted introjected regulation, and relatedness satisfaction positively predicted identified regulation. Across all school levels, autonomy frustration significantly predicted all types of motivational regulation. These findings suggest that while it is important for all needs to be satisfied and frustration to be avoided in order to enhance academic motivation and the internalization of motivation in adolescents, the satisfaction of competence need is particularly crucial. Educational Implications: Competence satisfaction was identified as the most significant factor in fulfilling students’ basic psychological needs across all school levels. This study highlights the importance of providing a learning environment that satisfies and does not frustrate the need for competence in internalizing self-determined motivation and promoting autonomous motivation among adolescents.

본 연구는 한국에서 관행적으로 사용되고 있는 정신장애인 욕구사정도구인 CANSAS(Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Scale)척도의 요인구조를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 정신사회재활 모델과 선행연구결과를 참고하여 5개의 대안적 요인모형을 설정하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 H시에 거주하는 정신장애인 204명을 대상으로 자료수집을 한 후 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 확인적 요인분석을 통해 산출된 다양한 적합도 지수를 중심으로 5개의 대안적 요인모형의 적합도를 비교 평가하였다. 분석결과 채택된 요인모형은 손상, 기능결함, 역할장애, 사회적 불리라는 4요인간의 상관성을 전제로 하는 모델이었다. 최종 채택된 요인모형이 갖는 실천적 학술적 함의를 논의하였다.

This study aims to explore the factor structure of the Korean version CANSAS scale. Based on the psychosocial rehabilitation model and the previous studies, five competing factor models are hypothesized. In order to accomplish the purpose of the present study, data were collected from 204 persons with severe mental illness who have resided at the H city. The five competing factors models was statistically evaluated by several model fit indices through the application of confirmatory factor analysis. The results found that four factors model was considered to be most appropriate as well as parsimonious. The selected factor model was consist of impairments, dysfunction, disabiliy, disadvatage. Several other impotant implications of the present results were discussed.

다요인조절개염하(多要因調節槪念下)에서 수도작(水稻作)에 대(對)한 요소시비시(尿素施肥時) N성분적량(成分適量)을 여측(予測)하는 모형식(模型式)에 관여(關與)하는 이앙재배전(移秧栽培前) 경토화학성분요인(耕土化學成分要因)은 유효규산함량(有效珪酸含量) ppm(X)과 유기물함량(有機物含量)% (Z)비(比)인 X/Z비(比)와 상대가리(相對加里) 활성도비(活性度比)인 Kas/kai이였다. 여측모형식(予測模型式) $NRe=(58.5+0.647x/z){\cdot}F$에서 F는 품종(品種), 기상(氣象) 및 토양조건(土壤條件)에 따라 변동(變動)되는 생산성(生産性) 요인(要因)이라고 정의(定義)하였으며 이 값은 경토중(耕土中) X/Z값보다는 상대가리활성도비(相對加里活性度比)인 Kas/kai의 함수관계식(函數關係式) Fb=.65+1.086Kas/kai에서 여측(予測)함이 보다 합리적(合理的)임을 밝혔다. 이 식(式)의 Kas는 경토중(耕土中) 치환성염기함량(置換性鹽基含量)에서 산출(算出)되는 가리활성도비(加里活性度比)이며 Kai는 표준품종(標準品種)인 진흥(振興)에 대(對)한 리상가리활성도비(理想加里活性度比)로서 기보고(旣報告)(박(朴) 1975)에서와 같이 Kai=0.03+0.00083X/Z에서 산출(算出)한다. 상대가리활성도비(相對加里活性度比)는 Kas=Kai가 되게 조절(調節)하기 위(爲)해서 1.0이 되어야 하는 값이나 품종군별(品種群別)로 차이(差異)가 있어 우리나라에서 재배(栽培)되는 인도형(印度型)과 일본형교잡종(日本型交雜種)인 밀양(密陽) 23호(號)에서는 1.63, 비율빈(比律賓)에서 재배(栽培)되는 인도형품종군(印度型品種群)인 IR8, 20, 36 및 42등(等)에서는 공통적(共通的)으로 0.322가 됨을 밝혔고 가리시비적양여측(加里施肥適量予測)에 활용(活用)할 수 있는 각품종별(各品種別) 리상가리활성도비(理想加里活性度比) $Kai_1$ 및 $Kai_2$는 인도형${\times}$일본형(印度型${\times}$日本型) 교잡종(交雜種) 및 인도형품종군(印度型品種群)에 대(對)하여 각각(各各) 다음 함수관계식(函數關係式)에서 추정(推定)할 수 있음을 밝혔다. $\\Kai_1=0.0489+0.001353X/Z\\Kai_2=0.01+0.000267X/Z$.

The chemical factors of topsoil, which are associated with the prediction models of urea nitrogen (N kg/ha) need under the concept of multinutrient factor balance in soil to maintain optimum nutrient balance in rice plant grown in flooded condition, were the x/z and the Kas/Kai values. In the prediction model or equation $NRe=(58.5+0.647x/z){\cdot}F$, the F was difined as the productivity factor, which was considered to be dependent on the variety, climate and soil, and found to be better estimated as the function of Kas/Kai rather than x/z from the equation Fb=0.65+1.086kas/kai, where the x, z, Kas and Kai, respectively, were available $SiO_2$ ppm, % organic matter, K activity ratio or exchangeable $K^+/(\sqrt{Ca+Mg}+Na^+)$ in topsoil and the ideal K activity ratio determined by the equation Kai=0.03+0.00083x/z for standard variety Jinheung. The relative K activity ratio or Kas/kai in topsoil, which have to be equal to 1.0 in the prediction of K fertilizer need for standard Japonica Variety Jinheung, found to be 1.63 for the varieties of Indica ${\times}$ Japonica or Milyang No. 23 grown in Korean condition and 0.322 for the Indica varieties of IR 8, 20, 36 and 42 gown in the Philippines condition. The ideal K activity rations for different Varieties such as Indies ${\times}$ Japonica grown in Korea or $Kai_1$ and Indica grown in the Philippines or $Kai_2$ were computed to be estimated from the following equations respectively ; $\\Kai_1=0.0489+0.001353X/Z\\Kai_2=0.01+0.000267X/Z$.