Earticle

This study was conducted to evaluate recipients' perception of service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intention in home delivered meals program in the US. Out of 398 questionnaires, 265 (66.6%) were collected, and 209 questionnaires (52.5%) were used for the statistical analysis. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a maximum likelihood was first conducted to estimate the measurement model by verifying the underlying structure of constructs. The level of internal consistency in each construct was acceptable, with Cronbach's alpha estimates ranging from 0.7 to 0.94. All of the composite reliabilities of the constructs were over the cutoff value of 0.50, ensuring adequate internal consistency of multiple items for each construct. As a second step, a Meals-On-Wheels (MOW) recipient perception model was estimated. The model's fit as indicated by these indexes was satisfactory and path coefficients were analyzed. Two paths between (1) volunteer issues and behavioral intention and (2) responsiveness and behavioral intention were not significant. The path for predicting a positive relationship between food quality and satisfaction was supported. The results show that having high food quality may create recipient satisfaction. The findings suggest that food quality and responsiveness are significant predictors of positive satisfaction. Moreover, satisfied recipients have positive behavioral intention toward MOW programs.

본 연구는 현재 우리나라 유치원의 점심 급식 운영 형태와 식습관 지도 실태 그리고 유치원의 점심 급식 운영 형태에 따른 식습관 지도는 어떠한지에 대해 알아보았다. 연구 대상은 전국의 16개 시도에 위치한 797개 유치원의 교사 797명이었으며 연구방법은 설문지 조사를 사용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 공립유치원은 초등학교 전담형이 94.1%, 사립유치원은 유치원 전담형이 81.5%로 가장 많았다. 점심 급식 실시 장소로는 공립유치원은 초등학교 식당을 이용하는 경우가 71.5%, 사립유치원은 각반 교실이 83.3%로 가장 많았다. 둘째, 유치원에서 이루어지고 있는 식습관 지도의 대부분의 하위 내용들에 대해 “자주 한다” 또는 “항상 한다”라는 교사들의 응답이 많았다. 셋째, 유치원에서 식습관 지도 시 유아에게 부적합하 급식시설 환경으로 인해 식습관 지도에 어려움이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate actual condition of meal services in kindergartens and an eating habits guidance and an eating habits guidance by a kindergarten meals program. The subject of the study was 797 teachers of 797 kindergarten who are located in 16 cities and provinces of the evrywhere. The results of this study were as follows: At public kindergarten were 94.1% an elementary school whole responsibility. While, private kindergarten were 81.5% a kindergarten whole responsibility. At public kindergarten were 71.5% an elementary school cafeteria. While, private kindergarten were 71.5% an each class classroom. An eating guidance of the kindergarten, there were many of teachers to do it is as the “do the frequently” or “do the always” response about most low-ranking contents. The difficulty of eating habits guidance at the kindergarten, the most difficulty was incongruent a meal service equipment environment to the kindergarten children.

본 연구는 정책행위자들의 갈등으로 부정적 압력이 작동하는 상황에서 지방정부의 정책이 확산되는 과정을 분석하였다. 학교급식조례를 둘러싼 갈등 양상에 대한 사례 분석과 정책 확산 이론을 기반으로 지방정부의 이념성향과 정책연합의 활동이 수평적 확산의 주요 기제라는 것을 밝혔다. 2003-2011의 기간 지방정부 학교급식조례의 채택 과정을 로짓과 콕스모형으로 분석하여 지방정부 정책결정자의 이념성향과 급식정책연합의 활성화 정도에 따라 학교급식조례의 채택 확률이 결정된다는 것을 실증적으로 확인하였다. 또한 확산 요인들의 조건적 결합에 의해 급식조례의 확산이 급속하게 진행되는 과정도 발견하였다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 우리나라의 분권체제에서 작동하는 수평적 확산 기제를 구체화하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study aims at clarifying conditions under which horizontal policy diffusion takes place despite negative pressures of policy conflicts in a decentralized system. The study advances a proposition that ideological leanings of policymakers and policy coalition activism are primary factors that facilitate horizontal policy diffusion across local jurisdictions. Event history analyses of local school meals policy adoptions in South Korea reveal that the likelihood of adopting this politically controversial policy is indeed determined by ideological orientations and policy activism in localities. These findings enable us to specify horizontal mechanisms of policy diffusion in South Korea.

최근의 직접민주제 제도인 주민투표제, 주민소송제의 도입으로 지방행정과정에 대한 주민참여 기회가 확대됨으로써 대의민주제의 보완과 함께 지방행정의 투명성과 책임성이 높아질 것으로 기대되어지고 있다. 그런데 제도도입이 기대된 효과를 거두기 위해서는 제도가 작동하는 방식에 대한 이해와 분석이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 1999년 지방자치법 개정으로 도입된 직접민주제 제도의 하나인 주민조례제정개폐청구제를 대상으로 성공적인 제도운용의 조건들을 탐구하였다. 구체적으로는 전라남도의 학교급식조례 제정사례를 분석하였는데 주민, 지방자치단체(장), 지방의회, 중앙정부, 타자치단체, 타제도라는 요소들을 중심으로 어떠한 상호작용을 통해 조례제정이 이루어졌는가를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 성공적인 조례제정을 위해서는 제도에 대한 주민 이해의 제고, 정책이슈의 선점, 참여의 조직화와 함께 지방의회와의 공통인식 형성, 타제도와의 정합성 확보노력 등이 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

In recent years, direct democracy system such as local referendum, inhabitant's lawsuit are enacted. Those institutions are expected to enhance transparency and accountability in local administration by promoting citizen's participation. To actualize those expectations, we are in need of figure out how these institutions work in practice. This study is to explicate interaction among the main factors that are inhabitant, mayor, local assembly, central government, other local governments, superior laws and rules with focusing on inhabitant's demand for enacting, amending a by-law which was enacted in 1999 as a kind of resident proposal system, also as a kind of direct democracy system. We analyse the process of Jeonnam's enactment by-law on school meals program to confirm critical points for inhabitants to get to enact the by-law. The results of the analysis emphasize that inhabitant's good grasp of institution, the preempt of policy issue, consensus building between inhabitant and local assembly, organizing of civic movement, securing consistency with superior laws and rules can be important.

본 연구는 tvN 리얼리티 프로그램 <삼시세끼>의 음식 준비와 요리과정을 기호학 방법들로 분석하여 음식준비, 요리과정 및 공유가 함의하고 있는 사회문화적 의미를 고찰하였다. 한국 사회에서 음식의 의미는 단순히 허기를 채우기 위한 생존 수단이 아닌다양한 추억과 감정 및 개개인의 정체성이 반영되는 것으로 전제하면서, <삼시세끼> 라는 프로그램이 하나의 트렌드로 자리 잡게 되었는지 검토하였다. 분석방법으로는통합체분석, 계열체분석, 행위주분석, 정념분석 등을 활용하였고, 레비-스트로스의 요리 삼각형 개념을 적용하였다. 분석 결과, 농어촌이라는 공간에서 진행되는 음식 리얼리티 프로그램을 통해 한국 사회에 일일삼식의 의미를 재조명하였고, 음식을 통해 공동체내에서 소통하는 사회문화적 의미를 음미하였다. 특히 함께 음식을 준비하고, 만들며, 만든 음식을 나누는 협력과정을 통해 각각의 과정에 내재된 즐거움의 의미를 부각시켰다 이는 음식을 준비하고, 만들고, 나누는 과정이 힘들고 성가신 일이 아니라즐거움을 생성하며 동시에 공동체 의식을 제고하는 과정임을 상기시켰고, 현대인들이잃어버린 일일삼식의 의미와 음식의 일상성의 의미를 숙고하게 해주었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate formats and contents of a TV reality program of tvN, <Three meals a day>, and discuss cultural meanings of such program in the Korean society. The authors concerned narrative structure of the program, paradigmatic relations of main characters, dichotomous structures of conflicts and struggles, multi-layer structures of emotions, and speculated meanings of preparing and cooking in the Korean society according to concepts of Levi-Strauss's. As the main research object, the authors selected the TV reality program of tvN, <Three meals a day>, which represented to prepare and cook meals three times per day by main characters at a farming village or a fishing village. They collected three episodes of programs from such farming village or fishing village separately. They analyzed such episodes of programs by various semiotic research methods such as 'narrative analysis', 'sequential analysis', 'syntagmatic analysis', 'paradigmatic analysis', 'actional agent analysis', and emotional analysis of Greimas's. It was firstly found that the program expressed pleasure and enjoyment of preparing and cooking meals three times per day, even though such pleasure and enjoyment could not be actualized in the real lives. Secondly, it represented a kind of cooperative sprit of main characters to prepare and cook a meal even though one person - a woman or a professional cook - could prepare and cook in the real life. Thirdly, it indicated that the cooking would be a sort of collective work if there were no professional cook, while the cooking would be a professional job if there were a talented people or a professional cook. Fourthly, it turned out that Korean foods outnumbered by soups and boiled types would reflect previous tough circumstances and lack of food suppliants in the Korean society. It concluded that this reality program tried to recognize meanings of preparing and cooking a meal everyday, reconsider pleasure of cooking, and speculate cultural meanings from cooking foods.

Recently, as Corona 19 is sweeping the world, various predictions and opinions are emerging about the daily life and industry that will change in the post-Corona era. As a result of an infectious disease called Corona 19, how to respond to the changes caused by the “new normal” that will create a world that has not been experienced before has emerged as an important topic. The emergence of these new normals is also affecting the changes in the tourism industry, and the changes in tourist needs that have been triggered by Corona 19 are increasing the demand for island tourism. Based on the analysis of the value of island tourism and the characteristics of island tourism from the current popular real-time TV entertainment program <Three meals a day>, this study suggests the direction of the strategy of revitalizing island tourism to meet the needs of tourists that will change in the post-Corona era. The suggestions are as follows. First, the island's natural state (inconvenience) strategy. Second, the island's isolation (disconnection) strategy. Third, the island's uniqueness (unique food ingredients) strategy. In conclusion, the strategy of island tourism to satisfy the changing needs of tourists in the post-Corona era is to actively preserve the natural state, isolation and uniqueness of the island. In other words, the island tourism strategy in the future requires a strategy focused on preservation that allows tourists to experience the characteristics of islands rather than development-oriented strategies such as expansion of facilities in urban tourism.

Objectives: We evaluated the extent to which implementation of student participation programs in serving school meals impacts student perception and satisfaction with school foodservice in middle and high school settings. Methods: Students' perception of management and satisfaction with quality attributes of school foodservice were assessed by questionnaire methods and compared by the program implementation status of student participation in serving school meals. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting perception and satisfaction. Results: The overall mean score for perception regarding the management of school foodservice was low (3.53 out of 10 points) and middle school students showed a higher mean score than high school students (4.10 vs. 2.94 points). In both middle and high schools, student perception was significantly higher in schools implementing the program. The average score for student satisfaction with the quality of school foodservice was 3.50 out of 5 points. Similarly, we observed a significantly higher satisfaction among middle versus high school students (3.93 vs. 3.04 points) and in schools implementing the program versus those that were not. Overall, student participation in serving school meals resulted in increases in satisfaction with school foodservice of 0.269 and 0.466 points among middle and high school students, respectively. Conclusions: Implementation of student participation in serving school meals could be used as a strategy to improve perception and satisfaction of students with their school foodservice. Establishment of guidelines of student serving participation programs encompassing different perspectives from students, dietitians and school faculties are warranted.

We examine the development of a TV series, ‘Three meals a day’ (Samsi Sekki), by using the framework of strategic service vision. ‘Three meals a day’ is a reality cooking TV series directed by a producer and director (PD) Na, Young-seok who is one of the famous PDs in South Korea. In ‘Three meals a day’ two actors from an urban metropolitan area demonstrate how they get used to the life in rural area. The only mission given to them is to make three meals a day with ingredients acquired from a small farm near their rural home and a nearby village. Surprisingly, this somewhat lukewarm and plain TV series made a big hit in South Korea. We present that ‘Three meals a day’ successfully utilizes the essential elements of the strategic service vision. We also analyze how the four elements of the framework are fulfilled in the design of ‘Three meals a day’: target market segments, service concept, operating strategy and service delivery system.

오늘날 리얼리티 프로그램은 장르적 혼종성과 텍스트의 사실성 추구라는 두 가지상황적 맥락에서, 보다 정교한 리얼리티를 생산하기 위해 다양한 서사전략을 활용하고 있다. 이때 ‘사실성’이란, 실재하는 현실을 보여주는 것 이상으로 텍스트 내외부의여러 전략을 통해 인위적으로 구축된 것이라는 점에서 ‘환상적 사실성’이라는 개념을도입하여, 이것이 프로그램 내에서 어떠한 기제를 통해 구체화되는가를 확인하기 위해 tvN의 <삼시세끼 정선편>의 서사분석을 실시했다. 분석결과, <삼시세끼>는 텍스트의 사실성과 제작진의 의도를 강화하기 위해 프로그램 전반에서 다양한 전략을 시도하고 있었다. 계절의 순환이라는 원초적인 시간의 흐름 속에서 이루어지는 모든 사건은 현장감과 사실성을 강조하고, 장소의 일상성을 부각하는 출연진들의 행위 및 생활- 연출공간의 경계 허물기는 다소 낯설 수 있는 촬영지를 ‘현실적인 전원’으로 이미지화 한다. 더불어 실제 인물과 연출된 허구인물 사이를 오가는 등장인물들은 자연인으로포장되어, 과정의 사실성이 강조된 일상적 행위들을 이어가는 등 장면의 리얼리티를강화하는 바, 결과적으로 ‘강원도 정선’은 실현 가능한 이상향으로 치환된다. 그러나리얼리티 프로그램이 생산한 환상적 사실성에는 단순히 서사적 즐거움 이상으로 낭만적 현실로 은폐된 문제들이 분명하게 자리하고 있는 바, 이와 같은 질문을 지속할 때비로소 ‘리얼리티’ 끝에 실재하는 ‘무언가’를 마주할 수 있을 것이다.

These days, reality program uses a variety of narrative strategies to produce a lot more sophisticated ‘reality’, in the context of situational aspects, including genre hybridity and in pursuit of text reality. In this regard, ‘reality’ refers to a kind of ‘illusion’, in that it is artificially established through various strategies with and within the text, more than just displaying the objective reality. Therefore, this study suggested the concept of ‘illusion of reality’, and conducted a narrative analysis of tvN’s Three meals a day ? Jeongseon series, in order to identify the mechanism that is used to actualize ‘illusion of reality’ within the program. According to the results, Three meals a day tried various strategies throughout the program, in order to reinforce the text reality and the purpose of producers. Every event occurred over the primitive time flow, as the circle of the seasons, emphasized the sense of reality. Also, the casts’ behaviors and breaking up the boundary between real - fictional space, visualizes ‘realistic rural areas’ that can be regarded as somewhat exotic. Furthermore, ‘Jeongseon, Gangwon- do’ is eventually transferred to the feasible utopia by characters who act both real person and a fictional person, forming pseudo-family, and by strengthening scene reality such as carrying on daily routine behaviors which reinforced the reality of procedure. However, since ‘illusion of reality’ created by reality program does certainly embrace problems camouflaged with romantic reality, more than just showing narrative enjoyment, thus, continuing to pose such questions enables us to confront ‘something’ that lies behind ‘reality.’