Earticle

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of moral identity the relationships between danger invulnerability and risk behavior and to investigate the mediating effects of peer attachment the relationships between psychological invulnerability and depression of adolescents. The subjects of the study were 394 adolescents who were selected from second grade of middle school and first grade of high school in Pusan. Measuring scales used in this study are the Adolescent Invulnerability Scale(AIS), Risk Behavior Scale, CES-D, Moral Identity Scale, and peer attachment subscale of the IPPA. For data analysis, Cronbach’s α, frequency, partial correlation, hierarchical regression, multiple regression, and Sobel test were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23 program. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, adolescents’ danger invulnerability had positive correlations with risk behavior and depression in partial correlation analysis. Adolescents’ psychological invulnerability had negative correlations with depression in partial correlation analysis. Second, moderating effect of moral identity between adolescents’ danger invulnerability and risk behavior was significant. Third, mediating effect of peer attachment between adolescents’ psychological invulnerability and depression was significant. The results suggest the importance of increasing adolescents’ moral identity in prevention of risk behavior and adolescents’ peer attachment in prevention of depression during adolescence.

Data center network (DCN) as the core of the cloud platform receives a widespread concern attention. Recently, the main study of these new architectures is limited to load balancing or improvement of architectures while the security study of DCN is still in its preliminary, especially for the vulnerability study. In our previous researches, we mainly concern about the invulnerability study from the protection of important nodes and vita edges. Differ from the previous one, in this paper; we engaged in the invulnerability studies from the perspective of network attack. Taking typical instances of DCN for example, based on invulnerability measurement of the average shortest path distance, we analysis the invulnerability of DCN by choosing deliberate attack and random attack. Experimental results show that for most architectures of DCN, the deliberate attacks of degree get the same result with the deliberate attacks of betweenness, especially, the deliberate attacks of degree are often harmful than betweenness attacks when attack a few nodes. However, from the perspective of random attacks, random attacks of betweenness are more harmful than degree attacks. The main contribution can be summarized as follows. We firstly engaged in the invulnerability research of DCN from the perspective of network attack and then conclude the network invulnerability of DCN by amount of experiments. The result in this paper can be widely used for the protection of DCN.

This study aims to analyze the alcohol industry in Colonial Korea, one of the most prevailing small sized enterprises at the time, to illustrate how the industrialization during the wartime affected small and middle sized business, particularly focusing on the wartime period (1937-1945). The massive growth of the alcohol industry in the colonial period was attributed to the alcohol policy of the colonial government. The colonial government deliberately supported the alcohol industry to increase tax revenues and the policy sparked large influx of capital into alcohol industry in the 1920s. Subsequently, the brewers, flowed in this period, experienced a boom in the alcohol industry owing to the commodification of rice and low price of rice. Since tax revenues and industrial production excessively relied on liquor sales, the colonial government intended to control the whole production of breweries of Korea to stabilize liquor supply by establishing Chosen Shuzo Kumiai(朝鮮酒造組合; The Brewers Cooperative of Korea). Unfortunately, rice shortage caused by the wartime economy from 1937 brought about change in alcohol-friendly policy as well as slowdown in liquor production. However, despite of severe famine during the war, the colonial government allocated quota to each breweries, instead of shutting them down, in order to maintain tax revenues and to meet high demand for liquor. Consequently, the proportion of liquor production in GDP during the wartime nearly maintained its previous level in spite of the industrial boom in other sectors. Besides, thanks to the policy allowing them to run their lucrative business, some affluent brewers chose to expand their business in the familiar alcohol industry or agricultural sector, rather than looking for other new investment. In other words, most breweries seldom or never invested in other sectors such as manufacturing sector. In conclusion, the influence of the wartime industrialization on brewery owners was not appear to be extensive inasmuch as it didn’t provide an opportunity to move on to more technology-intensive and higher value-added businesses. Instead of being converted, brewery owners willingly maintained their friendlier business, alcohol industry. Furthermore, from the facts discussed above, the result from this study hints that wartime industry boom even hindered Korean small business owners from ascending to more technology-intensive and higher value-added businesses such as textile, chemical, machinery industry.