Earticle

The development of information technology is bringing many changes to everyday life, and machine learning can be used as a technique to solve a wide range of real-world problems. Analysis and utilization of data are essential processes in applying machine learning to real-world problems. As a method of processing data in machine learning, we propose an approach based on applying multiple linear regression models by interlacing data to the task of classifying similar software. Linear regression is widely used in estimation problems to model the relationship between input and output data. In our approach, multiple linear regression models are generated by training on interlaced feature data. A combination of these multiple models is then used as the prediction model for classifying similar software. Experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed approach as compared to conventional linear regression, and the experimental results show that the proposed method classifies similar software more accurately than the conventional model. We anticipate the proposed approach to be applied to various kinds of classification problems to improve the accuracy of conventional linear regression.

본 논문에서는 하나의 필드만을 사용하여 비월 주사 영상을 순차 주사 영상으로 변환하는 디인터레이싱 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, ELA 기법을 이용하여 에지의 방향성을 예측한다. 에지의 방향성을 정확히 예측하였을 경우에는 ELA(Edge-based Line Average) 기법에 의한 화소를 보간하고 에지의 방향을 잘못 예측하였을 경우에는 다시 새로운 에지의 방향을 결정한다. 결정된 방향에 대하여 화소를 본 논문에서 제안한 중간값 필터(median filter)를 이용하여 보간한다. 모의실험 결과 기존의 비인터레이싱 방법에 비해 주관적 및 객관적 화질이 개선됨을 보인다.

In this paper, we propose a new deinterlacing method that converts the interlaced images into the progressive images using a field .Firsr of all, it estimates the direction of edge. If it makes an accurate estimate of the direction, then it interpolates a pixel using ELA(Edge-based Line Average). Otherwise, it estimates the new direction of edge, and then,, it interpolates a pixel using a proposed median filter. From simulation results, it is shown that the proposed method improves both subjective and objective image quality as compared with previous deinterlacing methods.

섬유공예는 공예분야 중에서 우리의 삶과 가장 밀착되어 있는 만큼 인체에 착용하는 쥬얼리 디 자인에 접목시켜 조형적 표현을 창출하기에 적합하다. 본 연구는 섬유공예 기법에 속하는 인터 레이싱(interlacing)기법을 살펴보고 금속선을 사용하여 텍스츄어(texture )를 강조한 조형성을 살리는 패턴 디자인(pattern design)의 개발로 쥬얼리 디자인으로서의 다양한 표현 가능성을 제시하였다. 인터레이싱은 실, 로프, 끈 등을 이용한 엮음 작업으로 흥미로운 구조와 질감을 가지고 있고 다 양한 변화가 가능한 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 기법은 다루기 수월한 금속선으로 수(手)작업 을 통하여 쉽게 제작이 가능하다는 장점이 있으며 획일화되고 일률적인 디자인의 제품보다 풍 부한 감성과 개성을 살린 수공예적인 디자인의 다양한 표현을 가능하게 한다. 인터레이싱기법에 대한 개념을 정리하고 적용 사례를 바탕으로 쥬얼리의 적용가능성을 살펴보 고 인터레이싱 기법의 자료들을 토대로 금속으로의 표현 가능성을 연구하고자 패턴들을 제작 하였으며 그 패턴들을 쥬얼리 디자인에 적용하기 위하여 프레임 디자인을 개발하였다. 형태와 변화의 표현 효과를 풍부하게 만들어주며 중량감을 줄이면서 볼륨감과 입체감을 살리는 예술 적 측면을 강조하여 쥬얼리 디자인으로 무한한 표현의 가능성을 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 인터레이싱 기법을 금속으로 표현하고 쥬얼리 디자인의 적용을 위한 프레임 디 자인 개발 연구를 통하여 쥬얼리 디자인의 표현방법의 다양화를 제시하고자 하였다.

Being the most closely related to our lives among craft fields, the textile craft is suitable for creating formative expression by combining it with jewelry design worn on the body. In this study, we examined the interlacing technique belonging to the textile craft technique and proposed a variety of expression possibilities as jewelry design through the development of pattern design highlighting formativeness that emphasizes texture by using metallic lines. As entwining work using thread, rope, string etc., interlacing has interesting structure and texture and has the characteristic of making various changes possible. This technique has the advantage of easily manufacturing through manual work with metallic lines easy to be handled and enables various expressions of handicraft design revealing richer emotion and personality than products with standardized and uniform design. We summarized the concept on the interlacing technique, examined the applicability of jewelry based on application cases, produced patterns to study the possibility of expressing with metals on the basis of the data on the interlacing technique and developed frame design to apply the patterns to jewelry design. Emphasizing the artistic side revealing voluminous sense and three-dimensional effects while enriching the expressive effects of forms and changes and reducing the weightiness, we were able to see the possibility of infinite expression as jewelry design. By expressing the interlacing technique with metals and studying frame design development for the application of jewelry design, this study was to present the diversification of expression methods of jewelry design.

본 논문에서는 하나의 필드만을 사용하여 비월 주사 영상을 순차 주사 영상으로 변환하는 개선된 디인터 레이싱 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 구하고자 하는 화소의 위와 아래 각각 5개 화소를 이용하여 세분화된 화소 사이 의 값들을 Newton의 전향차분과 후향차분을 이용하여 구한다. 이렇게 얻어진 화소 사이의 값과 5개의 알려진 화소값들을 이용하여 구하고자하는 화소를 중심으로 위와 아래화소의 방향을 세분화하여 각각의 상관관계를 구 한다. 구하고자 하는 화소에서의 에지의 방향성은 위와 아래 상관관계가 가장 최소가 되는 방향으로 예측한다. 구하고자 하는 화소값 결정은 예측된 방향에 따라 위와 아래 화소값의 평균값으로 결정한다. 모의실험 결과 기존의 제시된 여러 디인터레이싱 방법에 비해 엣지에서의 주관적 화질이 개선되었으며 또한 객관적 화질에 있어서 정량적으로 PSNR 계산결과 0.2∼0.3dB정도의 화질개선이 이루어졌다.

We propose an improved de-interlacing method that converts the interlaced images into the progressive images by one field. In the first, Inter-pixel values are calculated by applying Newton's forward difference, backward difference interpolation from upper and lower 5 pixel values. Using inter-pixel values obtained from upper and lower 5 pixel values, it makes more accurate a direction estimate by applying the correlation between upper and lower pixel. If an edge direction is determined from the correlation, a missing pixel value is calculated into the average of upper and lower pixel obtained from predicted direction of edge. From simulation results, it is shown that the proposed method improves subjective image quality at edge region and objective image quality at 0.2∼0.3dB as quantitative calculation result of PSNR, compared to previous various de-interlacing methods.

Kumar 등은 interlacing과 decomposition을 적용한 112-비트 블록 암호를 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 이 블록 암호에 대한 첫 번째 분석 결과를 소개한다. 이 블록 암호를 구성하는 연산들은 모두 선형성만을 가지고 있다. 따라서 112개의 독립인 평문/암호문 쌍이 주어졌을 경우, 비밀키를 복구하지 않더라도 임의의 암호문을 복호화할 수 있다. 본 논문의 분석 결과를 통하여 이 블록 암호는 매우 취약함을 알 수 있다.

본 논문에서는 효과적인 De-interlacing을 위한 Edge based Median Filter와 3-Step AMPD(Adaptive Minimum Pixel Difference Filter)를 제안한다. Motion Adaptive De-interlacing 방법에서 중요한 요소인 Motion Hissing에 의한 에러를 방지하기 위해 입력 영상을 4 가지 유형으로 구분하여 각 영상에 따라 다른 임계 값을 적용하여 정확한 화소 값을 보간 하는AMPD(Adaptive Minimum Pixel Difference) Filter를 사용하며 Moving Diagonal Edge의 효과적인 보간을 위해서 방향 필터를 사용하여 Edge Map을 추출한 뒤 Edge에 따라 가변적인 후보 화소를 선택하는 Edge based Median Filter를 사용하여 성능을 향상시켰다. 또한 입력되는 영상을 움직임 영역, 정지 영역, 경계 영역으로 나누어 적응적으로 보간 하여 연산 효율을 높였다. 제안된 방법은 다양한 영상에 대한 모의실험을 통해 기존의 방법에 비해 뛰어난 성능 개선을 보였다.

In this Paper, we propose an efficient de-interlacing algorithm using temporal and spatial domain information. In the proposed scheme, motion estimation is performed same parity fields, i.e., if current field is even field, reference fields are previous even field and forward even field. And then motion vector refinement is performed to improve the accuracy of motion vectors. In the interpolating step, we use median filter to reduce the interpolation error caused by incorrect motion vector. Simulations conducted for various video sequences have shown the efficiency of the proposed interpolator with significant improvement over previous methods in terms of both PSNR and perceived image quality.

본 논문에서는 움직임 보상을 이용한 Motion-Adaptive De-interlacing Method를 제안 한다. 정확한 움직임 추정을 위해서 Pre-filter로서 EBMF(Edge Based Median Filter)를 사용하며 새로운 Block Matching Method를 제안한다. Temporal Filter로서 Motion Missing Error를 제거하기 위해 입력 영상의 움직임 영역에 따라 각각 다른 임계 값을 적용하는 AMPDF(Adaptive Minimum Pixel Difference Filter)를 적용하였으며 MMD(Maximum Motion Detection)와 SAD(Sum of Difference)를 이용하여 빠른 움직임 영역에서 화질을 향상시켰다. 최종적으로 잘못된 움직임 보상에 기인하는 화질의 열화를 방지하기 위한 Motion Correction Filter를 제안한다.

In this paper, the ADI (Adaptive De-interlacing) algorithm is proposed, which improves visually and subjectively horizontal and vertical edges of the image processed by the ELA(Edge Line-based Average) method. This paper also proposes a VLSI architecture for the proposed algorithm and designed the architecture through the full custom CMOS layout process. The proposed algorithm is verified using C and Matlab and implemented using 0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ 2-poly 3-metal CMOS standard libraries. For the circuit and logic simulation, Cadence tool is used.

We propose an efficient method of de-interlacing in the post-pocessing of HDTV signal. Since the proposed method considers human visual weight, it gives the better performance in the edge information preservation than that of the median filter. The processing time of the proposed method is twice faster than median filter, therefore the proposed method is suitable for the real-time de-interlacing in the post-processing of HDTV signal.

Air interlacing serves to protect the yarn against damage, strengthens inter-filament compactness or cohesion, and ensures fabric consistency. The air interlacing nozzle is used to introduce intermittent nips to a filament yarn so as to improve its performance in textile processing. This study investigates the effect of interlacing nozzle geometry on the interlacing process. The geometries of interlacing nozzles with multiple air inlets located across the width of a yarn channels are investigated. The basic interlacing nozzle is the yarn channel, with a perpendicular single air inlet in the middle. The yarn channel shapes are cross sections with semicircular or rectangular shapes. This paper presents three doubled sub air inlets with main air inlet and one of them is slightly inclined doubled sub air inlets with main air inlet. The compressed air coming out from the inlet hits the opposing wall of the yarn channel, divides into two branches, flows trough the top side of yarn channel, joins with the compressed air coming out from the sub air inlet and then creates two free jets at both ends of the yarn channel. The compressed air moves in the shape of two opposing directional vortices. The CFD-FASTRAN was used to perform steady simulations of impinging jet flow inside of the interlace nozzles. The vortical structure and the flow pattern such as pressure contour, particle traces, velocity vector plots inside of interlace nozzle geometry are discussed in this paper.

The purpose of this study was to develop the rain melange fabrics with using the pulsar interlacing unit. The properties of the pulsar interlaced yarns (PI yarn) which were textured with the several texturing conditions were analyzed and compared with the regular interlaced yarn (IT yarn) and with normally composited yarn (CP yarn). The results were as follows : The PI yarn which has the best rain random melange effect could be obtained with following texturing condition; 3 kg/$cm^2$ of interlacing air pressure, 1.6 mm diameter of interlacing nozzle and 500 m/min of yarn speed. When IT yarn was compared with CP yarn, IT yarn had higher denier and tenacity than those of CP yarn and had lower elongation and shrinkage than those of CP yarn.

In order to convert interlaced video into progressive scanning format, this paper proposed a high performance de-interlacing algorithm based on region adaptive interpolation filter design. Specifically, usage of the 6-tap filter is only for the most complex region, but for the smooth and regular edge region, much more correlated filter such as 2-tap or 4-tap filter should be used instead. According to the experimental results, the proposed algorithm has achieved noticeably good performance.

This paper proposes a novel adaptive algorithm for deinterlacing. In the proposed algorithm, the previously developed Enhanced ELA [6], Chen [9] and Li [10] algorithms were used as a basis. The fundamental mechanism was the selection and application of the appropriate algorithm according to the correlation with the previous and next field using temporal information. Extensive simulations were conducted for video sequences and showed good performance in terms of peak signal-to-ratio (PSNR) and subjective quality.

Air interlacing serves to protect the yarn against damage, strengthens inter-filament compactness or cohesion, and ensures fabric consistency. The air interlacing nozzle is used to introduce intermittent nips to a filament yarn so as to improve its performance in textile processing. The effect of various interlacing nozzle geometries on the interlacing process was studied. The geometries of interlacing nozzles with single or multiple air inlets located across the width of yarn channels are investigated. The basis case is the yarn channel, with a perpendicular main air inlet in the middle. Other cases have main air inlets, slightly inclined double sub air inlets, The yarn channel cross sectional shapes are either semicircular or rectangular shapes. The compressed impinging jet from the main air inlet hole hits the opposing bottom wall of the yarn channel, is divided into two branches, joins with the compressed air coming out from sub air inlet at the bottom and creates two free jets at both ends of the yarn channel. The compressed air movement in the cross-section consists of two opposing directional vortices. The CFD-FASTRAN flow parallel solver was used to perform steady simulations of impinging jet flow inside of the interlace nozzles. The vortical structure and the flow pattern such as pressure contour, particle traces, velocity vector plots inside of interlace nozzle geometry are discussed in this pater.

A current TV-OUT format is quite different from that of HDTY or PC monitor in encoding techniques. In other words, a conventional analog TV uses interlaced display while HDTV or PC monitor uses Non-interlaced / Progressive-scanned display. In order to encode image signals coming from devices that takes interlaced display format for progressive scanned display, a hardware logic in which scanning and interpolation algorithms are implemented is necessary. The ELA (Edge-Based Line Average) algorithm have been widely used because it provided good characteristics. In this study, the ADI(Adaptive De-interlacing Interpolation) algorithm using to improve the algorithm which shows low quality in vertical edge detections and low efficiency of horizontal edge lines. With the De-interlacing ASIC chip that converts the interlaced Digital YUV to De-interlaced Digital RGB is designed. The VHDL is used for chip design.

본 논문에서는 시공간 밝기 변화량에 따라 공간적 보간과 시간적 보간 결과를 가중합하여 주사선을 보간하는 효율적인 디인터레이싱 알고리즘을 제안한다. 공간적 보간에서는 에지 방향성 보정 기능을 포함한 새로운 에지기반 공간적 보간 기법을 적용한다. 일반적으로 기존의 에지를 고려한 공간적 디인터레이싱 알고리즘은 에지의 방향을 잘못 추정할 경우 보간된 영상에서 심각한 화질저하가 발생한다. 이를 보완하고 정확한 에지의 방향을 찾아내기 위해 밝기 차만을 이용한 기존 방법들과는 달리 제안된 방법은 에지 방향성을 검출하고 그 정보에 따라 가중최대빈도수 필터를 이용하여 보간될 화소의 에지의 방향성을 보정한다. 또한, 시간적 변화량 검출 오류를 줄이기 위해 미디언 필터를 적용하여 움직임 검출 성능을 향상시키고, 최종 화소 보간과정에서 시공간적인 밝기 변화량에 따라 공간적 보간과 시간적 보간 결과값의 가중합을 사용하여 움직임이 적은 영역에서의 화질을 향상시킨다. 실험결과 제안된 방법은 기존의 디인터레이싱 방법들에 비하여 주관적 화질뿐만 아니라 객관적인 성능도 우수함을 알 수 있다.

In this paper, we propose an efficient deinterlacing algorithm which interpolates the missing scan lines by weighted summing of the intra and the inter interpolation pixels according to the spatio-temporal variation. In the spatial interpolation, we adopt a new edge based spatial interpolation method which includes edge directional refinement. The conventional edge dependent interpolation algorithms are very sensitive to noise due to the failure of estimating edge direction. In order to exactly detect edge direction, our method first finds the edge directions around the pixel to be interpolated and then refines edge direction of the pixel using weighted maximun frequent filter. Futhermore, we improve the accuracy of motion detection by reducing the possibility of motion detection error using 3 tab median filter. In the final interpolation step, we adopt weighted sum of intra and inter interpolation pixels according to spatio-temporal variation ratio, thereby improving the quality in slow moving area. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed method with significant improvement over the previous methods in terms of the objective PSNR quality as well as the subjective image quality.

In order to study the thermal shrinkage behavior, the blend yarns were made from two types of filaments with different shrinkage properties. The different filaments were obtained by different spinning conditions (melt spinning temp.: 295 $^{\circ}C$, draw ratio : 2.60, 2.85, 2.90, draw temp.: 25 $^{\circ}C$, 100 $^{\circ}C$, 130 $^{\circ}C$). The values of shrinkage, thermal stress and mechanical properties of the blend yarns and constituent filaments were investigated. The best spinning condition (draw ratio 2.95, draw temp. 100 $^{\circ}C$) was determined from the above results, and the blend yarn was made by interlacing. Using these interlaced yarn, multi-step shrinkage test was carried out. The trend of shrinkage of interlaced yarns had a good agreement with that of thermal stress measurements. Total shrinkage of the interlaced yarn was found to be between the value of the highly shrinkable yarn and that of the regular yarn. The final tenacity and initial modulus of interlaced yarn depended on the values of the regular and the highly shrinkable yarns respectively, and the elongation was independent of the those of the constituent yarns.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related Lewy body diseases are characterized by deposition of α-synuclein aggregates in both thecentral nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Synucleinopathy lesions spread to larger brain areas as the disease progresses,and prion-like cell-to-cell transmission of aggregated α-synuclein is thought to be the underlying mechanism for this pathologicalspreading. LRRK2 is another protein linked to the pathogenesis of PD, and its presence in Lewy bodies has attracted much attentionas to whether LRRK2 and α-synuclein interplay during the pathogenesis of PD. However, the relationship between these two crucialproteins still remains unclear. In this review article, we will discuss the current state of knowledge in terms of how these proteinscause the disease and provide the hypothetical mechanisms by which LRRK2 might modify the generation and progression ofsynucleinopathy.