Earticle

This study analyzes adjacency pairs, sequence organization in the conversation structures of young Korean and Japanese, using similar scenes from remake dramas as a point of focus. 1) In terms of adjacency pairs, Korean used 63 more adjacency pairs than Japanese. Korean tended to use adjacency pairs that frankly express their own thoughts and feelings, whereas Japanese tended to use adjacency pairs that show understanding and respond supportively to the speaker’s utterance. 2) With regard to response formats, differences were observed in confession scenes involving young Korean and Japanese. When the man confessed to the woman, Korean men tended to express their emotions more openly, whereas Japanese men tended to convey their confession with a single phrase, such as “I like you.” In contrast, when the woman confessed to the man, Korean women responded in a question-and-answer format, while Japanese women were observed to share the timing and situation of the confession with the other person. 3) As for sequence organization, Korean tended to use pre-sequences as a prerequisite for transitioning to the main sequence, and to employ post-sequences when there was a desire to continue the interaction due to lingering feelings. Japanese, on the other hand, tended to use insertion sequences as a conversational structure in which unrelated dialogue was inserted between the two speakers either to bring the interaction to a quick close or to insert a separate exchange mid-conversation, such as asking how the other person was doing or reaffirming feelings.

本稿では、韓日リメイクドラマの類似した場面における若者会話構造として隣接対と連鎖組織の様相を分析し、これらがどのような内容を表現しているのかを考察したものである。その結果は以下の通りである。 1) 韓日隣接対では、韓国が日本より63個多い結果となった。 韓国の場合、自分の思いや感情を率直に表現している発話が用いられるのに対し、日本の場合、話者の発話に対してその通りに理解し呼応している発話が現れている傾向があった。 2) 韓日応答形式では、韓日若者の間に告白する場面で違いがあった。 男が女に告白する場面では、韓国の男は女に自分の気持や感情を次々と表面的に現れているのに対し、日本の男は女にためらいながら突然、「好きだ」という一言で表現してしまう傾向があった。 次に、女が男に告白する場面では、韓国の女は男に好きな気持に対して何の説明もせずに問答的な応答をしているのに対し、日本の女は男が知っている周りの人物を言及し視点や状況を共有しながら告白していることが分かった。 3) 韓日連鎖組織では、韓国の場合、本題となる連鎖の進むために前提条件として前方連鎖が用いられ、相手と何か話しを続けたい気持がある場合、「呼びかけ」という発話行為が用いられて後方連鎖を行う傾向があった。日本の場合、二人の間に別の会話が割り込んで相手との会話を迅速に終結させたり、会話の途中で別の会話が挿入されて相手の気持を再確認しようとする会話構造として挿入連鎖を使用する傾向が見られた。

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of a Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Most chimeric BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts are e13a2(b2a2) or e14a2(b3a2), encoding a 210-kDa protein, p210, but some are a e1a2 transcript or e19a2 transcript encoding a 190-kDa protein or a 230-kDa protein, respectively [1]

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has been used for the treatment of urinary tract infections, but increasing resistance to TMP-SMX has been reported. In this study, we analyzed TMP-SMX resistance genes and their relatedness with integrons and insertion sequence common regions (ISCRs) in uropathogenic gram-negative bacilli. Consecutive nonduplicate TMP-SMX nonsusceptible clinical isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp., and P. aeruginosa were collected from urine. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined by Etest. TMP-SMX resistance genes (sul and dfr), integrons, and ISCRs were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. A total of 45 E. coli (37.8%), 15 K. pneumoniae (18.5%), 12 Acinetobacter spp. (70.6%), and 9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.0%) isolates were found to be resistant to TMP-SMX. Their MICs were all over 640. In E. coli and K. pneumoniae, sul1 and dfr genes were highly prevalent in relation with integron1. The sul3 gene was detected in E. coli. However, in P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., only sul1 was prevalent in relation with class 1 integron; however, dfr was not detected and sul2 was less prevalent than in Enterobacteriaceae. ISCR1 and/or ISCR2 were detected in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter spp. but the relatedness with TMP-SMX resistance genes was not prominent. ISCR14 was detected in six isolates of E. coli. In conclusion, resistance mechanisms for TMP-SMX were different between Enterobacteriaceae and glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. Class 1 integron was widely disseminated in uropathogenic gram-negative baciili, so the adoption of prudent use of antimicrobial agents and the establishment of a surveillance system are needed.

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), also called Robin sequence, is a congenital anomaly characterized by a triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction. Infants with PRS can present with varying degrees of respiratory difficulty secondary to upper airway obstruction. There has been no consensus for the treatment of upper airway obstruction in infants with PRS, but recent studies recommend attempting non-surgical interventions before surgical treatment. In this case report, we present 3 cases of infants diagnosed with PRS who showed persistent respiratory difficulties after birth. Before considering surgical intervention, insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway was attempted in these infants. Following this procedure, symptoms of upper airway obstruction were relieved, and all infants were discharged without surgical interventions; the nasopharyngeal airway was removed 1 to 2 months later. To date, no infant has shown signs of upper airway obstruction. Nasopharyngeal airway insertion is a highly effective and less invasive treatment option for infants with PRS. However, it is not widely known and used in Korea. Nasopharyngeal airway insertion can be preferentially considered before surgical intervention for upper airway obstruction in such infants.

목적: 각막이식과 백내장 수술을 동시에 시행할 때 인공수정체를 삽입한 시점에 따른 술후 각막내피세포의 손실을 비교해 보았다. 대상과 방법: 2003년 1월부터 2008년 1월까지 백내장을 제거하고, 인공수정체를 삽입한 다음 공여각막을 봉합한 군(I군) 20명 20안과,공여각막을 3 mm 남기고 봉합한 틈으로 인공수정체를 넣은(II군) 17명 17안을 대상으로 수술 후 안압, 각막두께 및 각막내피세포 밀도를 비교하였다. 결과: 3개월 후의 두 군에서 안압변동의 차이는 없었으나, 각막두께는 II군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 각막내피세포 밀도는 1, 2, 3개월째 각각 II군에서 유의하게 더 높았으나(p=0.01, 0.02, 0.04, respectively), 술 후 관찰기간 동안 각막내피 손실정도는 차이가 없었다(p=0.33). 결론: 삼중수술 시 전방이 완전한 상태에서의 인공수정체 삽입이 전방형성이 불완전한 상태에서 인공수정체를 삽입하는 것에 비해수술 도중 각막내피와 안내구조물 또는 인공수정체와의 기계적 접촉이 적어 술 후 각막내피세포 손실이 적을 것이라 추정된다.

Purpose: To evaluate the differences in corneal endothelial cell density in patients undergoing intraocular lens insertion at 2 different sequences during the triple procedure. Methods: The present retrospective study divided 37 eyes of 37 patients and into 2 groups: trephination, phacoemulsification and intraocular insertion, followed by graft suturing (20 eyes, Group I), and trephination, phacoemulsification, graft suturing leaving 3 mm gap, followed by intraocular lens insertion and suturing of the gap (17 eyes, Group II). Intraocular pressure, corneal thickness, and endothelial cell density were measured for 3 months postoperatively. Results: No significant difference in intraocular pressure between the 2 groups (p = 0.14) was observed. However in Group II, the mean corneal thickness showed a greater decrease (p = 0.02) during the 3 months following surgery, and the mean corneal endothelial cell density in this group was higher at 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively than that of Group I (p = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 respectively). There were no significant difference in the rate of endothelial cell loss during the postoperative period between the 2 groups. Conclusions: The anterior chamber formation before intraocular lens insertion in the triple procedure is hypothesized to decrease corneal endothelial cell loss by minimizing mechanical contact with intraocular structures or intraocular lenses during surgery.

친환경 차량의 필수장치로 사용되는 OBC(On Board Charger) 및 LDC(Low DC-DC Converter)는 시스템 성능은 물론 하드웨어적인 신뢰성과 더불어 차량에서 발생할 수 있는 다양한 Fault로부터 차량과 운전자를 보호할 수 있는 안정성과 신뢰성을 확보하는 것이 요구된다. OBC/LDC 개발에 있어 시제품을 제작하여 성능 검증과 하드웨어 신뢰성을 확보하는 것은 현재의 개발 프로세서로 충분하지만 차량에서 발생하는 다양한 Fault 상황에 대한 강건성 확보는 실차에 탑재하여 검증하지 않고서는 뚜렷한 검증 방법이 없는 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 차량에서 발생될 수 있는 다양한 Fault 상황을 시뮬레이터로 모사하여, 이러한 Fault를 전력변환장치에 인위적으로 주입시킨 뒤 전력변환장치가 정상적으로 동작하는지 분석한다. 이를 통해 실차에 탑재하지 않고 전력변환시스템의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위한 방안을 제시한다.