Earticle

본 연구는 문화교류라는 큰 범주에서 조선시대 궁중무용과 민간무용이 교류한 전파 구조를 밝혀 무용의 이론적 한계성을 넘어서 새로운 시각으로 의미화 하고자 한다. 문 화는 다른 문화와 교류를 통해서 진화한다는 문화전파론을 이론적 배경에 두고, 조선 시대에 문화가 다른 궁중무용과 민간무용의 전파구조를 분석하였다. 무용문화교류의 전파구조를 분석하기 위하여 문화전파론에서 클라크 위슬러 (Clark Wissler)의 의도적 전파와 자연적 전파, 그리고 정수일의 직접전파와 간접전 파를 적용하였으며, 전파의 실천적 요인을 기녀와 관객 등으로 인적교류에 무게를 두 고 연구를 진행하였다. 무용문화교류의 전파구조를 도출하기 위하여 『조선왕조실록 (朝鮮王朝實錄)』, 『악학궤범(樂學軌範)』, 『정재무도홀기(呈才舞蹈笏記)』, 의궤(儀 軌), 읍지(邑誌), 개인의 문집 등을 살펴보았으며, 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 먼저 궁중에서의 무용문화교류는 의도적 전파로 구분하였고, 여기에서 세분화하여 도출된 결론은 첫째, 기녀와 기녀 간의 쌍방향적 직접전파 둘째, 기녀와 관객 간의 일 방향적 간접전파이다. 다음으로 민간에서의 무용문화교류는 자연적 전파로 구분하였 고, 여기에서 세분화하여 도출된 결론은 첫째, 기녀와 예인 간의 쌍방향적 직접전파, 둘째, 기녀와 관객 간의 일방향적 간접전파이다. 본 연구는 문화교류 관점에서 조선시대 궁중무용과 민간무용의 전파구조를 분석한 연구로, 문화학 관점에서 무용학을 구축하기 위한 기초연구가 될 수 있다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 향후 무용문화교류 연구를 발전시켜 무용의 변화와 발전을 연구하는데 단초가 되었으면 한다.

This study seeks to clarify the transmission structure in which court dance and civil dance exchanged in the Joseon Dynasty within the broad category of cultural exchange. Based on the theoretical background of cultural diffusion theory that culture evolves through exchange with other cultures, this study analyzes the structure of diffusion between court dance and folk dance in the Joseon Dynasty. For the analysis, I drew from Clark Wissler’s intentional and natural diffusion as well as Jeong Su-il’s direct and indirect diffusion. I collected data from Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Akhak Gwebeom (樂學軌範), Jeongjae Mudoholgi (呈才 舞蹈笏記), Uigwe (儀軌), Eupji (邑誌) and personal anthologies. The study was conducted with a focus on human exchange in terms of the practical factors of diffusion. The findings are as follows. First, dance cultural exchange in the court was classified as intentional diffusion, including the two-way direct propagation among gisaengs and the one-way indirect propagation between gisaengs and audiences. Next, dance cultural exchange in the private sector was classified as natural diffusion, including the two-way direct propagation between gisaengs and entertainers and the one-way indirect propagation between gisaengs and audiences. Applying the cultural exchange theory of cultural anthropologists, this study is expected to expand the field of dance studies by providing a starting point for studying the change and development of dance from the viewpoint of cultural studies.

The direct calculation method is generalized to the excited-state diffusion-influenced reversible reaction of a neutral and a charged particle under an external field with two different lifetimes and quenching in three dimensions. The present method provides an alternative way to calculate the binding probability density functions and the survival probabilities from the corresponding irreversible results. The solutions are obtained as the series solutions by the diagonal approximation due to the anisotropy of the unidirectional external field. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with those of the previous study [S. Y. Reigh et al. J. Chem. Phys. 132, 164112 (2010)] within a weak field limit. The solutions of two approaches show qualitatively the same overall behavior including the power laws at long times.

This study examines the interaction between privatization and foreign direct investment (FDI) in a mixed oligopoly characterized by international competition and technology diffusion. We develop a three-stage game-theoretic model where a domestic state-owned enterprise (SOE) competes with multiple technologically advanced foreign firms. The foreign firms enter the domestic market through either FDI or exports, with FDI generating technology spillovers to the domestic SOE. The analysis demonstrates that privatization enhances foreign firms’ incentives to undertake FDI, while partial privatization maximizes domestic welfare under both entry modes. The endogenous location choices of foreign firms impose constraints on the privatization policies. Although FDI generally yields higher welfare than exports, the government may over-privatize to induce FDI or refrain from privatization when the required degree of privatization is excessive. Therefore, the equilibrium privatization policy may deviate from the first-best outcome due to foreign firms’ strategic location choices.

When China embarked on economic reform in the late 1970s, its leaders aspired to learn from Japan's developmental policies that were restrictive of foreign capital. In the 1990s, China strove again to emulate Japan and South Korea in restricting foreign direct investment and promoting indigenous corporations. Despite these efforts, China's industrial catch-up was in fact led by FDI, in sharp contrast to the classic Japanese/Korean paradigm where FDI was strictly circumvented. Why was China unsuccessful in learning restrictive FDI policies? How did a new developmental path emerge in China? The answer lies in China's strong networks with diaspora communities. Through a diffusion mechanism, ties between local governments and diaspora capital helped initiate and catalyze China's FDI liberalization, despite the central efforts to learn from Japan and South Korea. Two critical reform episodes are examined: (1) the establishment of special economic zones and (2) the reform of state-owned enterprises.

Diffusion studies have rightly emphasized external ideas and resources that propel liberalization in the developing world. There remain two gaps: first, the literature has not covered the types of diffusers and the ways diasporas may shape liberalization in their homelands; second, it pays little attention to internal diffusion after national adoption within a country. This article explores the utility and conditions of diffusion by diasporas and examines the roles of diasporas and internal diffusion in China and India’s FDI liberalization. In both countries, diasporas were main diffusers that led national adoption of liberalism at home. In China, however, entrepreneurial diasporas’ networks with local governments helped expansive internal diffusion. India’s professional diasporas did not strongly engage local governments or domestic companies. National adoption in India was followed by reversal and partial internal diffusions. India’s software services provide a similar diffusion by diasporas to that in China.

The purpose of this study is to explore the diffusion of Direct-To-Consumer (DTC) Healthcare services, such as genetic testing. To do this, we looked for causal relationships of factors that could affect the diffusion of DTC healthcare service by referring to several extensions derived from a Bass diffusion model. With a developed causal loop diagram, system dynamics analysis revealed R&D investment as a pivotal factor in strengthening DTC healthcare service diffusion. These insights assist in guiding strategic investment decisions and in supporting policy establishment. Furthermore, the diffusion of DTC healthcare services can be extended to medical tourism by utilizing personalized health information generated through DTC services, which may stimulate demand for integrated wellness and healthcare travel. The findings provide actionable insights for designing effective investment strategies, fostering collaborative innovation ecosystems, and informing policy interventions that support sustainable diffusion of DTC healthcare services.

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) was applied to nonpremixed counter-flow diffusion flames between oxidizer and fuel ducts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the numerical method for simulation of axisymmetric counterflow diffusion flames. Effects of computational domain size and grid size were scrutinized, and then the method was applied to air-methane diffusion flames. The results at zero gravity conditions were in good agreement with those obtained by the one-dimension flame code OPPDIF. It was confirmed thai the numerical method is applicable to the diffusion flames at the normal gravity conditions since the results clearly showed the effects of buoyancy and velocity ratio.

A simple and versatile method of manufacturing semiconductor devices with pn-junctions used the silicon direct bonding technology with simultaneous impurity diffusion is suggested . Formation of p- or n- type layers was tried during the bonding procedure by attaching two wafers in the aqueous solutions of Al(NO$_3$)$_3$, Ga(NO$_3$)$_3$, HBO$_3$, or H$_3$PO$_4$. An essential improvement of bonding interface structural quality was detected and a model for the explanation is suggested. Diode, Dynistor, and BGGTO structures were fabricated and examined. Their switching characteristics are presented.

The foreign direct purchases are growing rapidly for few years, through e-commerce such as overseas online stores. The Consumer’s active information and knoweldge sharing can be seen as the cause of foreign direct purchases. And The Increase of the social media channels is provided the opportunities to share purchase experience. The various information of item purchase experience has been accumulated recently, at its heart there is a web-maven. The web-Maven shares the item information and has a lot of influence on the consumer's decision process for purchase. So consumer as web-maven play an important role. We felt the need for a study on the knowledge-sharing-motivation and information-diffusion act of foreign direct purchases. The purpose of this study is to the empirical study of knowledge-sharing-motivation and information-diffusion act. This study utilized a regression analysis for the hypothesis testing. A total of 147 responses were used for analysis and the research results are as follow. The research results show that relational motivation, economic motivation, altruistic motivation, information discovery motivation affect the information diffusion act. And online-efficacy also show that the different affect on the operation of the knowledge-sharing motivation.