Earticle

게임에서의 스토리는 상호작용 할 수 있는 인터렉티브 스토리텔링이라는 점에서 사용자의 몰입 을 유도한다. 이러한 인터렉티브 스토리텔링은 기존의 이야기의 선형 구조와 달리 비선형 구조를 띄고 있기 때문에 기존의 서술구조와는 다른 서술구조가 연구되어왔다. 크게 사건 중심인 트리 기반 서술구조, 제약 기반 서술구조, 캐릭터 중심인 캐릭터 기반 서술구조가 있다. 트리 기반 서 술구조는 HTN, HSP등 여러 알고리즘으로 발전되었고, 분기가 많을수록 트리의 크기가 커진다는 단점과 이야기의 자유도가 떨어진다는 단점이 존재하였고, 캐릭터 기반 서술구조의 경우 사건이 아닌 캐릭터를 설계한 다음 캐릭터가 자유롭게 행동하게 하여 이야기를 진행하는 방식으로 사용 자가 몰입하는 대상이 캐릭터라는 점에서 게임에 더 적합할 수는 있지만, 캐릭터의 행동을 세밀 하게 설계하기 힘들다는 단점이 존재한다. 본 연구는 이 중 제약 기반 서술구조를 전체 이야기의 흐름 파악과 다양한 사건전개가 용이하도록 새로운 태그들을 제시하여 재설계하였다. 새롭게 제 시된 <event>라는 태그는 이야기의 흐름 파악을 쉽게 할 수 있게 하고, <plot>이라는 태그는 다 양한 사건전개가 용이하도록 설계되었다. 제안하는 서술구조를 이용하여 예시로 이솝우화 중 토 끼와 거북이에 적용하였다.

The story in the game induces the user 's immersion in that it is an interactive storytelling. Since the interactive storytelling has a nonlinear structure unlike the existing linear structure of the story, a narrative structure different from the existing narrative structure has been studied. There are largely case-based tree-based narrative structure, constraint-based narrative structure, and character-based narrative structure. Tree-based narrative structure has developed to various algorithms such as HTN and HSP. There are disadvantages that the size of tree becomes larger as the number of branches increases and that the degree of freedom of story is lowered. In the case of character-based narrative structure, this narrative structure designs the character, not the events, and lets the character to act freely. it could be more suitable for the game because the player immerses in the character. There is a disadvantage that it is difficult to design the behavior of the character elaborately. This study redesigned the constraint - based narrative structure by presenting new tags to facilitate the understanding of the whole process of the story and various events. The newly proposed <event> tag is designed for easier understanding of the story flow, and the <plot> tag is designed to facilitate development of various events. This study applies the suggested narrative structure to “The Tortoise and the Hare“ in Aesop's fables as an example.

Variation of decision variables for optimal remediation using the pump-and-treat method is examined to estimate the effect of the degree of concentration constraint. Simulation-optimization method using genetic algorithm is applied to minimize the total pumping volume. In total volume minimization strategy, the remediation time increases rapidly prior to significant increase in pumping rates. When the concentration constraint is set severer, the more wells are required and the well on the down-gradient direction from the plume hot-spot gives more efficient remediation performance than that on the hot-spot position. These results show that the more profitable strategy for remediation can be achieved by increasing the required remediation time than raising the pumping rate until the time reaches a certain limitation level. So, the remediation time has to be considered as one of the essential decision variables fer optimal remediation design.

This study uses a characteristic function to explain correlations between the objective function and design variables. For the use, structural analysis and buckling analysis are carried out. the dimensional change of an original overhead crane is made based on the table of orthogonal array. For two functions or more, the effectiveness of design change can be evaluated in accordance with change in design parameters. Also, the overhead crane's weight is reduced by up to 10.55 percent while its structural stability maintained.

Combined with a counter, wheel or strip encoders which have equally divided markers are one of frequent measuring choices towards various applications in terms of cost, simplicity, and diversity of measurements, e.g., measuring displacement, velocity, acceleration, and so on. Often, velocity is measured by counting the series of reference clocks for a period of time which sensor-carrying device took for traveling two adjacent encoding markers. Quantizaion error of such that the disturbance caused by quantization error is under control. This paper identifies design issues, developes theory, and proposes a paradigm to design a velocity measurement system such ...

IP address lookup is to determine the next hop destination of an incoming packet in the router. The address lookup is a major bottleneck in high performance router due to the increased routing table sizes, increased traffic, higher speed links, and the migration to 128 bits IPv6 addresses. IP lookup time is dependent on data structure of lookup table and search scheme. In this paper, we propose a new approach to build a lookup table that satisfies the memory constraint. The design of lookup table is formulated as an optimization problem. The objective is to minimize average depth from the root node for lookup. We assume that the frequencies with which prefixes are accessed are known and the data structure is level compressed trie with branching factor $\kappa$ at the root and binary at all other nodes. Thus, the problem is to determine the branching factor k at the root node such that the average depth is minimized. A heuristic procedure is proposed to solve the problem. Experimental results show that the lookup table based on the proposed heuristic has better average and the worst-case depth for lookup.

Hierarchical constraints and constraint satisfaction were analyzed in order to solve the problem of conflict detection in collaborative design. The constraints were divided into two sets: one set consisted of known constraints and the other of unknown constraints. The constraints of the two sets were detected with corresponding methods. The set of the known constraints was detected using an interval propagation algorithm, a back propagation (BP) neural network was proposed to detect the set with the unknown constraints. An immune algorithm (IA) was utilized to optimize the weights and the thresholds of the BP neural network, and the steps were designed for the optimization process. The results of the simulation indicated that the BP neural network that was optimized by IA has a better performance in terms of convergent speed and global searching ability than a genetic algorithm. The constraints were described using the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for computers to be able to automatically recognize and establish the constraint network. The implementation of the conflict detection system was designed based on constraint satisfaction. A wind planetary gear train is taken as an example of collaborative design with a conflict detection system.

This work explores the critical convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Additive Manufacturing to realize complexceramic jewelry designs. The core challenge is overcoming the intrinsic conflict between the nearly unlimited geometricfreedom offered by digital tools and the severe constraints of technical ceramics, namely brittleness, low tensile strength,and non-uniform volumetric shrinkage during high-temperature sintering .This work introduces a necessary computationalframework that positions AI as a crucial tool for Design for Manufacturability, bridging creative exploration and physicalviability. The conclusion is that AI acts as the essential connective tissue enabling the fabrication of complex ceramiccomponents. The role of designer shifts towards a data curator and algorithm manager. Future commercial success relies onembracing a hybrid design practice that strategically frames AI as an amplifier of human creativity to preserve the narrativeof skill and effort critical for consumer acceptance and market value.

The design of logistics system satisfying demand of each retailer has been one of the important issues in Supply Chain Management. Therefore, various models including the fixed charge facility location model (FCFLM) have been proposed so as to present logistics network. As more researchers are interested in FCFLM, some practical issues are incorporated into the traditional FCFLM. For example, Shen et al.(2003) considered new location model combining FCFLM with inventory management model. Another extension of FCFLMis to consider demand fill rate which is measured by the ratio of demand fulfilled within the given time or fulfilled by a DC located within given distance.(Melo et al., 2009) This paper deals with the combined model of FCFLM and inventory management model considering demand fill rate constraint. The considered model is formulated as a non-linear integer programming and two heuristic algorithms based on Tabu Search and GRASP are proposed. To compare the performance of the proposed algorithms, 1620 data sets considering 5 design factors are randomly generated. The performances of the algorithms are measured in terms of the average objective function value and the average elapsed time. Test results show that Tabu Search based heuristic algorithm outperforms GRASP based heuristic algorithm in terms of the effectiveness and GRASP based heuristic algorithm outperforms in terms of Tabu Search based heuristic algorithm in terms of the efficiency. The contributions of this paper are two-fold. First, it developed a new heuristic algorithm based on Tabu Search to solve the combined model of FCFLM and inventory management model considering demand fill rate constraint. Second, it compared the performance of the proposed algorithm with the existing GRASP algorithm.

We propose an efficient algorithm for the purpose of satisfying a wide range of design constraints represented with equality and inequality equations as well as production rules. The algorithm employs simulated-annealing and a production rule inference engine and works on design constraints represented with networks. The algorithm fulfills equality constraints through constraint satisfaction processes like variable elimination while taking into account inequality constraints and inferring production rules. It can also reduce the load of the optimization procedure if necessary. We demonstrate the implementation of the algorithm with the result on machine tool design.

Logical Effort의 기법은 회로의 지연 값을 간단한 필산으로 신속하게 측정할 수 있는 기술이다. 이 기법은 설계 공정 시간을 절약하는 장점도 있지만 고정 지연이라는 설계조건에서 회로의 면적이나 전력의 최소화를 도출할 수 있는 논리 경로를 설계하는데 약점도 있다. 이 논문에서는 균형 지연 모형을 제안하고 이 방법을 기반으로 논리경로에서 전력-지연 효율성을 최적화하는 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문의 기법을 사용하여 8-input AND 게이트의 3가지 서로 다른 설계 회로를 모의 시험한 결과 기존 Logical Effort의 기법보다 약 40%정도 전력 소비의 효율성이 향상되었다.

Logical Effort is a simple hand-calculated method that measures quick delay estimation. It has the advantage of reducing the design cycle time. However, it has shortcomings in designing a path for minimum area or power under a fixed-delay constraint. In this paper, we propose an equal delay model and, based on this, a method of optimizing power-delay efficiency in a logical path. We simulate three designs of an eight-input AND gate using our technique. Our results show about 40% greater efficiency in power dissipation than those of Logical Effort method.

This paper extends existing research on building-volume optimization (BVO), evaluating the potential of the models practical implementation. It undertakes and discusses a representative building-volume design to examine the implementation of the BVO model as possible decision-support at an early design stage. In order to determine its usefulness to develop sustainable building designs, it focuses minimizing their foreseen life cycle cost (LCC), validating that, with the help of a proposed search strategy, the suggested BVO model can generate cost-effective and site-specific building-volume designs. In doing so, the approach underlines the ability to serve as a meaningful decision-support tool that allows designers to consider building-volume design alternatives at a design phase where design decisions in reference to their implied LCC are difficult to achieve. Results also confirmed the potential strengths of creating building-volume solutions, which can be used as a reference for ongoing development of architectural designs.

In this paper, collision avoidance of two robots working in a common workspace is described. The workspace for a two robot system is defined and classified. JCM (Joint Constraint Map) is designed which shows the region of joint values that must be avoided for collision free motion, and application of the JCM is studied.

Databases are critical to business information systems and RDBMS is most widely used for the database system. Normalization was designed to control various anomalies(insert, update, and delete anomalies). However normalized database design does not account for the tradeoffs necessary for the performance reason. In this research, we model a database design problem without storage constraint. Given a normalized database design, in this model, we do the denormalization of duplicating columns in order in reduce frequent join processes. In this paper, we consider insert, update, delete, and storage cost, and the anomalies are treated by additional disk I/O cost necessary for each insert, update transaction. We propose a branch and bound method, and show considerable cost reduction.

Normal strategy of structure optimization procedure has been minimum cost or weight design. Minimum weight design satisfying an allowable stress has been used for the ship and offshore structure, but minimum cost design could be used for the case of high human cost. Natural frequency analysis and forced vibration one have been used for the strength estimation of marine structures. For the case of high precision experiment facilities in marine field, the structure has normally enough margin in allowable stress aspect and sometimes needs high natural frequency of structure to obtain very high precise experiment results. It is not easy to obtain a structure design with high natural frequency, since the natural frequency depend on the stiffness to mass ratio of the structure and increase of structural stiffness ordinary accompanies the increase of mass. It is further difficult at the grillage structure design using the profiles, because the properties of profiles are not continuous but discrete, and resource of profiles are limited at the design of grillage structure. In this paper, the grillage structure design system under the constraint of high natural frequency is introduced. The design system adopted genetic algorithm to realize optimization procedure and can be used at the design of the experimental facilities of marine field such as a towing carriage, PMM, test frame, measuring frame and rotating arm.

Normal strategy of structure optimization procedure has been minimum cost or weight design. Minimum weight design satisfying an allowable stress has been used for the ship and offshore structure, but minimum cost design could be used for the case of high human cost. Natural frequency analysis and forced vibration one have been used for the strength estimation of marine structures. For the case of high precision experiment facilities in marine field, the structure has normally enough margin in allowable stress aspect and sometimes needs high natural frequency of structure to obtain very high precise experiment results. It is not easy to obtain a structure design with high natural frequency, since the natural frequency depend on the stiffness to mass ratio of the structure and increase of structural stiffness ordinary accompanies the increase of mass. It is further difficult at the grillage structure design using the profiles, because the properties of profiles are not continuous but discrete, and resource of profiles are limited at the design of grillage structure. In this paper, the grillage structure design system under the constraint of high natural frequency is introduced. The design system adopted genetic algorithm to realize optimization procedure and can be used at the design of the experimental facilities of marine field such as a towing carriage, PMM, test frame, measuring frame and rotating arm.