Earticle

본 연구에서는 후기수용모델을 바탕으로 1인 미디어 서비스, 그 중에서도 '홈트레이닝' 1인 미디어 서비스 이용경험 이 있는 성인남녀를 대상으로 서비스에 대한 만족과 지속적 이용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 분석했다. 연구의 절 차를 진행하기 위하여 SPSS 21.0과 AMOS 21.0 프로그램을 이용해 빈도분석, 상관관계분석 이후 확인적 요인분석 및 신뢰 도분석 그리고 구조방정식 모형을 통한 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유튜브 홈 트레이닝 이용 동기 요인은 지각된 유용성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 헬스리터러시 요인은 지각된 유용성에 긍정적 인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 홈 트레이닝 1인 미디어 서비스의 기대충족 요인은 지각된 유용성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 홈 트레이닝 1인 미디어 서비스의 기대충족 요인은 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 지각된 유용성 요인은 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 지각된 유용성 요인은 지속의도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱 번째, 만족 요인은 지속의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치 는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 인구통계학적 요소를 집단으로 구성한 행동분석 연구 및 1인 미디어 플랫폼의 차별점을 고려한 다각적 분석은 다양한 연구 방향성을 기대할 수 있다.

This study empirically analyzed the factors affecting satisfaction and consistent use of ‘home training’ on personal media service YouTube based on Post-Acceptable Model. To this purpose, data were collected from adult men and women with personal media service using experience. As for data analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis and path analysis were performed by using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results of the study were as followed. First, using motivation of YouTube home training had a positive effect on usefulness. Second, health literacy had a positive effect on usefulness. Third, it was found that the expectation confirmation of the home training on personal media service positively influenced usefulness. Forth, expectation confirmation of the home training on personal media service had a positive effect on satisfaction. Fifth, usefulness had a positive effect on satisfaction. Sixth, usefulness had no significant effect on consistent use intention. Seventh, satisfaction had a positive effect on consistent use intention. Behavioral analysis with collective demographic factors and diverse analysis considering the differentiation of the personal media service are suggested for further research.

Nowadays, traditional model construction techniques are often used in the self-adaptive software development environment. However, due to its adaptation problems, such as low reusability and high complexity, it is difficult to meet the incremental requirements of users. In order to achieve the combination of models and the results verified, this paper regards improving the reusability of adaptation models as a starting point, introducing the formal method of partial behaviour model to the description of adaptation behaviour. With the help of three-valued logic model description language KMTS, we research the consistent judgment algorithm of related models, and propose a fusion method of consistent models for supporting online fusion of adaptation models. Finally we use a model instance and its application to analyze and verify the correctness and effectiveness of the fusion result.

User interfaces are the most important part of interactive software applications; being the entities which serve as a communication bridge between users and applications. Furthermore the user experience provided by any software application is the only factor to measure its success. Therefore an application can only be successful if besides having a worthy user interface, it also provides a pleasant user experience. Design of a good user interface suffers a lot recently with a rapid increase in the number of electronic devices as each device has its own constraints and capabilities that force the same application to run in multiple ways on multiple devices, thus generating the problem of inconsistent user interfaces. This situation also prohibits the provision of a good user experience as user interface is a very important aspect among many other aspects of user experience. In this paper; a framework is proposed that makes it possible to design multiple but consistent user interfaces of an application and also provides a wonderful experience to the end users. The proposed framework is validated by developing two different versions of a single interactive software application for two different devices. The development process is done by following the proposed framework. Final user interfaces of both versions are then compared to check consistency. This comparison shows that both user interfaces are consistent to each other and thus the proposed framework is validated.

We consider the problem of model selection in multiple linear regression with outliers and non-normal error distributions. In this article, the robust model selection criterion is proposed based on the robust estimation method with the least absolute deviation (LAD). The proposed criterion is shown to be consistent. We suggest proposed criterion based algorithms that are suitable for a large number of predictors in the model. These algorithms select only relevant predictor variables with probability one for large sample sizes. An exhaustive simulation study shows that the criterion performs well. However, the proposed criterion is applied to a real data set to examine its applicability. The simulation results show the proficiency of algorithms in the presence of outliers, non-normal distribution, and multicollinearity.

A relation between temperature and time has been constructed in the self-consistent model(SCM). This relation is used to calculate the a CMBR temperature. This temperature has been found to be 2.9K. The temperature gradient of microwave background radiation(CMBR) is calculated in the Self Consistent Model. Two relations between Hubble parameter and time derivative of the temperature, have been presented in two different cases. In the first case the temperature is treated as a function of time only, while in the other one, it is assumed to be a function in time and solid angle, beside the assumption that the universe expands adiabatically.

최근 대규모 소프트웨어 개발하는 데 있어 불명확한 의사소통을 해결하기 위해 가독성이 높은 표준화된 UML(Unified Modeling Language) 모델 중심의 모델 기반 개발 방법이 적용되고 있다. 하지만 소프트웨어 개발자들의 숙련도, 모델 및 모델링 도구의 이해도에 따라 대규모 소프트웨어에 일관성 있는 UML 모델을 적용하기에는 어려움이 발생한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 개발에 일관성 있는 UML 모델을 적용하기 위한 모델 검증 시스템 개발 방법을 제시한다. 그리고 개발된 모델 검증 시스템을 함정 전투체계 소프트웨어 개발에 일부 적용하여 기능을 입증한다. 모델 검증 시스템은 개발자들이 작성한 모델들을 도메인 특성에 맞게 자동으로 검증할 수 있는 기능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 모델 검증 시스템을 사용하면 함정 전투체계 소프트웨어 개발에 좀 더 쉽게 일관성 있는 UML 모델을 적용할 수 있는 장점을 가진다.

Recently, a model-based development method centered on highly readable and standardized UML (Unified Modeling Language) models has been applied to solve unclear communications in large-scale software development. However, it is difficult to apply consistent UML models depending on software developers' proficiency, understanding of models and modeling tools. In this paper, we propose a method for developing a Model Verification System to apply an consistent UML model to software development. Then, the developed Model Verification System is partially applied to the Naval Combat System Software development to prove its function. The Model Verification System provides automatic verification of models created by developers according to domain characteristics. If the Model Verification System proposed in this paper is used, It has the advantage of being able to apply the consistent UML model more easily to Naval Combat System Software Development.

A semi-analytical model based on exact numerical analysis of the 2DEG channel in pseudo-morphic HEMT (PMHEMT) is presented. The exactness of the model stems from solving both Schrodinger's wave equation and Poisson's equation simultaneously and self-consistently. The analytical modeling of the device terminal characteristics in relation to the charge control model has allowed a best fit with the geometrical and structural parameters of the device. The numerically obtained data for the charge control of the channel are best fitted to analytical expressions which render the problem analytical. The obtained good agreement between experimental and modeled current/voltage characteristics and small signal parameters has confirmed the validity of the model over a wide range of biasing voltages. The model has been used to compare both the performance and characteristics of a PMHEMT with a competetive HEMT. The comparison between the two devices has been made in terms of 2DEG density, transfer characteristics, transconductance, gate capacitance and unity current gain cut-off frequency. The results show that PMHEMT outperforms the conventional HEMT in all considered parameters.

An accurate analytical threshold model is presented for fully depleted SOI which has a Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor-Insulator-Metal structure. The threshold voltage is defined as the gate voltage at which the second derivative of the inversion charge with respect to the gate voltage is maximum. Therefore the model is self-consistent with the measurement scheme. Numerical simulations show good agreement with the model with less than 3% error.

Background Burn infliction techniques are poorly described in rat models. An accurate study can only be achieved with wounds that are uniform in size and depth. We describe a simple reproducible method for creating consistent burn wounds in rats. Methods Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and dorsum shaved. A 100 g cylindrical stainless-steel rod (1 cm diameter) was heated to $100^{\circ}C$ in boiling water. Temperature was monitored using a thermocouple. We performed two consecutive toe-pinch tests on different limbs to assess the depth of sedation. Burn infliction was limited to the loin. The skin was pulled upwards, away from the underlying viscera, creating a flat surface. The rod rested on its own weight for 5, 10, and 20 seconds at three different sites on each rat. Wounds were evaluated for size, morphology and depth. Results Average wound size was $0.9957cm^2$ (standard deviation [SD] 0.1845) (n=30). Wounds created with duration of 5 seconds were pale, with an indistinct margin of erythema. Wounds of 10 and 20 seconds were well-defined, uniformly brown with a rim of erythema. Average depths of tissue damage were 1.30 mm (SD 0.424), 2.35 mm (SD 0.071), and 2.60 mm (SD 0.283) for duration of 5, 10, 20 seconds respectively. Burn duration of 5 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage. Burn duration of 10 seconds and 20 seconds resulted in full-thickness damage, involving subjacent skeletal muscle. Conclusions This is a simple reproducible method for creating burn wounds consistent in size and depth in a rat burn model.

In this note, a recent work in Won (2011) which investigates properties of the newsvendor model under progressive multiple discounts is revisited and a complete proof is provided for the conjecture on the consistent advantage of progressive multiple discounts over no-discounts in terms of the expected profit. The proof considers the generalized newsvendor model under progressive multiple discounts extended with positive shortage cost and salvage value which have not been considered in the previous newsvendor models under progressive multiple discounts. Without relying on derivatives, we prove that the expected profit under progressive multiple discounts are consistently greater than or equal to the one under no-discounts for every order quantity as far as her multiple discounts do not decrease customer demand, and therefore, the optimal expected profit under progressive multiple discounts is always greater than or equal to the one under no-discounts. As by-products from the proof, some interesting features of the generalized newsvendor model under progressive multiple discounts are revealed.

This paper concerns with the consistent estimator for the fuzzy expectation of a random variable taking values in the space F($R^p$) of upper semicontinuous convex fuzzy subsets of $R^p$ with compact support. We introduce the concept of a fuzzy sample mean and show that the fuzzy sample mean is a strong consistent estimator for the fuzzy expectation. Some examples are given to illustrate the main result.

본 연구는 ChatGPT 서비스 이용자의 지속이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위해 기대일치모형(ECM), 기술준비도(TR), 가치기반수용모형(VBAM)을 적용하였다. 이론적 고찰을 위해 국내외 학술문헌, 단행본, 보고서 등을 참고하였으며, ChatGPT 서비스 이용자를 대상으로 실증분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 본 연구에서는 세 가지 모형을 중심으로 총 11개의 가설을 설정하였고, 그중 7개 가설이 채택되었으며 4개 가설은 기각되었다. ECM에서는 기대일치와 지각된 유용성이 유의미한 관계를 보였으나, 이용자 만족에는 영향을 미치지 않아 기각되었다. 반면, 이용자 만족은 지속이용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. VBAM에서는 지각된 유용성, 지각된 즐거움, 지각된 가격 효용성이 이용자 만족에 유의미한 영향을 미친 반면, 지각된 용이성은 기각되었다. TR 분석에서는 긍정적 요인인 낙관성과 혁신성이 유의미한 영향을 보였으나, 부정적 요인인 불편감과 불안감은 기각되었다. 이러한 결과는 이용자의 불편감과 불안감이 높아질수록 대화형 인공지능 서비스 이용이 저해될 수 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 기업과 개발자는 소비자가 느끼는 불편감과 불안감을 완화할 수 있는 기술 사용 가이드와 문제 해결 방안을 제시해야 한다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 시사점과 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the continuance intention of ChatGPT service users by applying the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM), Technology Readiness (TR), and Value-Based Adoption Model (VBAM). For the theoretical review, domestic and international academic literature, books, and reports were examined, and an empirical analysis was conducted with ChatGPT service users. The analysis revealed that a total of eleven hypotheses were established based on the three models, of which seven were supported and four were rejected. In the ECM, expectation confirmation and perceived usefulness were found to have a significant relationship, but their effect on user satisfaction was not significant. However, user satisfaction positively influenced continuance intention. In the VBAM, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and perceived value for money showed significant relationships with user satisfaction, whereas perceived ease of use was rejected. In the TR analysis, the positive dimensions?optimism and innovativeness?were found to have significant effects, while the negative dimensions?insecurity and discomfort?were rejected. These findings suggest that higher levels of insecurity and discomfort among users can hinder the adoption of conversational AI services. Therefore, companies and developers should provide clear usage guidelines and problem-solving measures to alleviate users’ discomfort and insecurity. Finally, the study discusses its academic and practical implications, as well as directions for future research.

본 논문은 잠금 해제 지연 메모리 모델을 기반으로 하는 분산 공유 메모리 시스템을 위한 효과적이고 안전한 로깅 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에서는 프로세스들 사이의 종속 관계가 추적되어, 실제로 종속 관계가 발생하는 경우에만 안전한 로깅을 수행하는데, 이는 프로세스들 사이에 정보 전달이 일어나는 경우 무조건 로깅을 수행하던 기존의 방법들과 비교 해볼 때, 로깅 횟수가 크게 줄어드는 효과를 낸다. 더욱이. 제안된 기법에서는 각 프로세스가 사용한 데이타를 모두 안전한 저장장소에 로깅 하는 대신, 필요한 데이타들은 그 데이타를 생성한 프로세스의 휘발성 메모리에 로깅하고, 그 데이타의 사용 정보만을 로깅 한다. 프로세스내의 결함 발생 후, 복구 과정에서, 각 프로세스는 로깅 된 사용 정보만을 이용하여 알맞은 버전의 데이타를 효과적으로 찾을 수 있다. 결과적으로 각 프로세스에서 저장되는 로그의 양 또한 줄어든다.

This paper presents an efficient stable logging scheme for the distributed shared memory system based on the lazy release consistent memory model. In the proposed scheme, inter-process dependency is traced and stable logging is performed when the dependency relation between processes actually happens. With the dependency tracking, the proposed scheme requires much less frequency of stable logging, comparing with the previous schemes in which stable logging is performed whenever any information transfer happens between processes. Also, in the proposed scheme, every data item accessed by a process is not logged, but only the access information is logged in the stable storage. For the recovery from a failure, the correct version of the accessed data items can be effectively traced by using the logged access information. As a result, the amount of logged information is also reduced.

본 연구에서는 자산준비금제도(Asset Based Reserve Requiremnets)를 포스트케인지언 저량-유량 일관모형(Post-Keynesian Stock-Flow Consistent Model)을 사용하여 제도도입이 미치는 영향과 도입되어 운영 중 경제충격이 발생하였을 영향, 두 가지 차원에서 분석하였다. 본 연구는 가상경제를 통한 모의실험으로 자산준비금제도에 대한 비교대상으로 은행분담금(Bank Levy)를 고려하였다. 분석결과, 두 제도도입은 모두 경제에 부정적 영향을 미치게 된다. 다만 자산준비금제도가 은행분담금제도보다 더 작은 경제적 충격을 주면서 제도가 안착될 수 있다는 것을 확인시켜주었다. 그러고 경제에 외생적 충격의 상황이 발생하하면 두 제도 모두 경제의 자동안정화 기능을 수행하게 된다. 결론적으로 본 연구에 의하면 주택가격이 급격히 상승과 같은 특정 자산시장 거품의 경우에는 거시건전성을 위해 자산준비금제도를 도입하여 실시하는 것을 지지할 수 있다.

Asset?based reserve requirements (ABRR), which forces all financial intermediaries to hold reserves in proportion to various classes of their assets, are anticipated to act not only as an effective automatic stabilizer under the new configurations of market?based financial intermediation, but also as a means of social control to credit allocation. This paper attempts to test this argument using a stock?flow consistent model considering (non?speculative and speculative) housing demand and mortgage?backed securities. Specifically, I conduct a comparative analysis of two macro?prudential regulations: Bank levy and ABRR. Focusing on the effects of the two alternative policies when an economic shock occurs, this study shows these following results: First, the Bank levy and ABBR play a crucial role in stabilizing economy. . Then, in the event of an exogenous shock to the economy, both systems can perform an automatic stabilization function. In conclusion, this study supports ABRR as the macro?prudential policy in the event of a sharp increase in house prices.

Most of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) models evaluate the relative efficiency of a decision making unit (DMU) based on the assumption that inputs in a specific period are consumed to produce the output in the same period of time. However, there may be some time lag between the consumption of input resources and the production of outputs. A few models to handle the concept of the time lag effect have been proposed. This paper suggests a new multi-period input DEA model considering the consistent time lag effects. Consistency of time lag effect means that the time delay for the same input factor or output factor are consistent throughout the periods. It is more realistic than the time lag effect for the same output or input factor can vary over the periods. The suggested model is an output-oriented model in order to adopt the consistent time lag effect. We analyze the results of the suggested model and the existing multi period input model with a sample data set from a long-term national research and development program in Korea. We show that the suggested model may have the better discrimination power than existing model while the ranking of DMUs is not different by two nonparametric tests.

본 논문에서는 객체 지향 소프트웨어 개발 생명주기에서 생성된 객체 모델들간의 일관성 유지를 위한 관계성 분석 도구 설계 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법에서는 객체 지향 모델의 산출물들간의 관계성을 분석하여 소프트웨어가 개발됨과 동시에 부품화 되어 저장된다. 그리고 소프트웨어 유지 보수 및 재사용이 가능한 검색 시스템으로 되어 있으며, 객체 지향 CASE 시스템의 정보 저장소 기능을 부분적으로 지원한다. 따라서 시스템 분석가 및 설계자에게 유용한 지침을 제공하고, 개발자에게 산출물들간의 일관성 검증을 쉽게 하도록 하여 소프트웨어 재사용 및 유지보수가 용이하다.