Earticle

Brain development is a complex process, and stimuli during this devel-opment period may modulate the functional maturation of the brain. It has been shown that environmental stimuli, such as physical activity habits, have a beneficial effect on brain development. Endurance exer-cise and prolonged fasting state are known to improve brain function including cognition. The exact mechanisms of exercise improving brain function are still unknown. However, it can be considered that energy restriction and stressful challenge induced by long-lasting physical ex-ercise might cause direct effect on brain function. Upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ketone body caused by exercise might be considered as the mechanism of exercise on brain function. In the present study, we discussed on two main topics: “exercise and BDNF” and “exercise and energy restriction.”

본 연구는 대학 야구 선수들의 포지션별 기질 및 성격(TCI)과 뇌기능에 대한 특성과 상관성에 대에 분석 하였다. K소재의 Y대학 야구부에 소속되어 있는 대학 야구 선수들 중 연구목적과 연구절차를 충분히 이해하며, 자발적으로 참여한 성인남성 27명에 대해 구조화된 설문지를 통해 기질 및 성격 특성을 파악하고 뇌파를 측정하 였다. 뇌파는 전전두엽 Fp1과 Fp2에 건식 전극을 사용하여 2 채널 뇌파 측정기로 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/W IN 25.0 프로그램으로 비모수 Spearman 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 대학 야구 선수들의 기 질 및 성격의 7개의 차원에서 포지션별 다르게 나타났으며 뇌기능 자기 피드백 능력이 높을수록 스트레스가 적게 나타나는 유의한 결과가 나타났다.

This study analyzed the characteristics and correlation between temperament and personality (TCI) and brain function by position in college baseball players. Of the 27 adult male college baseball players belonging to the Y University baseball team in K, 27 adult males who voluntarily participated in the study fully understood the purpose and procedure of the study, identified temperament and personality characteristics through a structured questionnaire, and measured EEG. did . EEG was measured using a two-channel EEG monitor using dry electrodes on the prefrontal cortex Fp1 and Fp2. The collected data were subjected to non-parametric Spearman correlation analysis with the SPSS/W IN 25.0 program. As a result, the seven dimensions of temperament and personality of college baseball players appeared different by position, and the higher the self-feedback ability of brain function, the lower the stress.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mobilization and tongue strengthening exercises on voice in a patient with motor speech disorder following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A single patient received intervention five times per week for a total of 34 sessions, each lasting 30 minutes. The program consisted of Kaltenborn joint mobilization, the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques to improve TMJ mobility and strengthen tongue muscles. To examine the effects on voice, acoustic analysis was performed to evaluate vocal parameters, and task performance was measured. First, comparison of acoustic parameters before and after the intervention including fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and noise to harmonics ratio showed improvements in some measures related to speech production. Second, diadochokinetic rate was assessed to evaluate articulatory coordination. Third, maximum phonation time was measured to analyze respiratory control, phonatory pattern, and phonation duration. The findings demonstrated that TMJ mobilization and tongue strengthening exercises positively influenced several aspects of speech and voice production. TMJ mobilization and tongue-strengthening exercises had positive effects on vocal and lingual function in a patient with motor speech disorder following traumatic brain injury.

PURPOSE. This pilot study was to find the influence of complete denture on the brain activity and cognitive function of edentulous patients measured through Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study recruited 20 patients aged from 50 to 60 years requiring complete dentures with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The brain function and cognitive function were analyzed with a mental state questionnaire and a 15-minute analysis of power spectral density of EEG alpha waves. The analysis included edentulous phase and post denture insertion adaptive phase, each done before and after chewing. The results obtained were statistically evaluated. RESULTS. Power Spectral Density (PSD) values increased from edentulous phase to post denture insertion adaption phase. The data were grouped as edentulous phase before chewing (EEG p1-0.0064), edentulous phase after chewing (EEG p2-0.0073), post denture insertion adaptive phase before chewing (EEG p3-0.0077), and post denture insertion adaptive phase after chewing (EEG p4-0.0096). The acquired values were statistically analyzed using paired t-test, which showed statistically significant results (P<.05). CONCLUSION. This pilot study showed functional improvement in brain function of edentulous patients with complete dentures rehabilitation.

(Purpose) This study set up to conduct EEG(brainwave) tests and analyze brain function in elderly living alone in the capital area. In particular, it aims to provide an academic basis for preventing dementia and establishing programs for brain health by checking their mental and physical stresses. It also aims to understand their appearance and health care status, and assess their desire for beauty welfare services. Ultimately, it aims to study customized beauty care service programs based on this data. (Design/methodology/approach) 80 seniors from in their 60s and 80s living alone in U-si, Gyeonggido took part in this study. In order to recruit research participants, official letter was sent to elderly colleges, senior welfare centers, and senior citizen centers. EEG was conducted to analyze brain function of participants. Moreover, it assessed the needs for appearance care, health care, and beauty welfare services. (Findings) First of all, for health care, elderly living alone mainly do walking exercise. In addition, they have an interest and desire for appearance management; however, for various reasons, passive care was mainly conducted for them. Since COVID-19 pandemic, many seniors have suffered from health and economic problems. Both physical and mental stress is caused by difficulties in human relationships, and their quality of life is mostly lowered because of sleep disorders. Secondly, elderly living alone are commonly exposed to stress due to weakening brain function, pain caused by imbalance in the left and right brains, difficulties mind control, and many problems from the environment. At this point, it needs social welfare action plan for them. Finally, since there are differences between research participants(EEG variables) from each institution such as elderly colleges, senior welfare centers, and senior citizen centers. In other words, their characteristics should be considered when establishing and implementing brain health or dementia prevention programs. (Research implications or Originality) Brain waves are electrical flows between brain nerve cells which vary depending on mental and physical conditions. These are one of the most important indicators of indirect measurement of brain condition. This study analyzes brain function using EEG equipment, so it is scientific and objective compared to the existing method using depression scale paper. In other words, it is believed that emotions such as depression experienced by the elderly living alone can be understood more deeply and broadly. After the development of dementia prevention programs, a system should be established to guide elderly to participate this program well and to continuously manage them.

현존하는 정보처리 시스템 중에서 가장 뛰어난 성능을 지니고 있는 것은 인간의 두뇌라고 할 수 있다. 두뇌의 정보처리 메커니즘을 보다 정확하게 구현할 수 있는 시스템은 입력에 대한 정확한 인지 능력, 상황 판단 능력, 학습 및 추론 능력, 출력의 결정 능력 등의 성능 구현은 물론이며, 감정과 비교될 수 있는 시스템의 상태를 평가하여 판단 및 결정에 적용함으로써 매우 뛰어난 지능형 시스템이 쥘 수 있다. 이러한 뇌 정보처리 시스템의 구현에 앞서 본 논문에서는 생물학적인 대뇌 피질의 구조를 살피고 정보의 처리 영역을 고찰하고 정보의 흐름을 소개하였으며 이를 바탕으로 뇌 정보처리 메커니즘을 공학적인 측면에서 해석해 보았다. 특히, 뇌 영역의 기능 및 구조적인 특징, 정보의 처리과정 등을 공학적으로 해석하였으며 이는 뇌의 기능을 모방한 공학적인 모델을 구현하는데 있어서 기초가 될 것이다.

Objectives: Autonomic nerve system dysfunction has been reported in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, studies providing direct evidence of a link between the two have been scarce. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation in post-acute ambulatory outpatients with TBI using an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: Twenty-one patients with TBI and 21 age- and gender- matched normal controls were evaluated. The HRV assessments were performed using conventional time and frequency domain analyses as well as non-linear complexity analysis. Results: In the patient group, standard deviation values of the RR intervals (SDNN), the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal sinus intervals (RMSSD), total successive RR interval difference (TSRD), and the very low frequency (VLF) power spectral parameter were significantly lower than in the control group. The patients with moderate severity of TBI exhibited a significantly lower value of VLF than those with mild severity. The severity of anxiety symptoms had a tendency to be correlated with the mean heart rate and the ratio of low-to-high frequency spectral power. Conclusion: The results of the present study provide evidence that TBI is associated with reduced HRV, suggesting the critical involvement of central autonomic structures in the pathogenesis of TBI. The HRV measures may serve as an index for monitoring aspects of autonomic function in patients with TBI.