Earticle

WAAM(Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing) has gained attention as an innovative technology in small-batch, multi-product production due to its advantages of low production costs, rapid build rates, and design flexibility. However, challenges such as relatively low geometric accuracy, surface finish defects, residual stresses, and distortion due to high heat input persist and require improvement. This study analyzes the influence of deposition path angles on deposition performance in the WAAM process. Experiments were conducted using stainless steel (STS309MoL) wire, known for its excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance due to its relatively high ferrite content within the austenitic structure. To mitigate residual stresses and distortion caused by high heat input, the CMT(Cold Metal Transfer) process was employed for five layers of deposition. Five different deposition path angles were selected as process variables, and the impact of deposition path angles on deposition performance was evaluated based on experimental results.

A basic metal deposition experiment for manufacturing aluminum parts was performed using WAAM (Wire arc additive manufacturing), and the cross-sectional shape of the laminate according to nine deposition conditions. The effect of heat input was analyzed for the bead shape according to the deposition conditions, and the deposition efficiency was calculated by analyzing the cross-sectional shape of thin-wall parts made of aluminum. The amount of heat input was used in the experiment from about 2.7 kJ/cm to 4.5 kJ/cm, and the closer the heat input was to 4.5kJ/cm, the higher the deposition efficiency was. The maximum lamination efficiency obtained through this study reached 76%.

This study was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of NAB (Ni-Al-Bronze) material manufactured using WAAM (wire arc additive manufacturing) technology and cast NAB that has been used. Two types of mechanical property test pieces were collected from the deposited bulk NAB material according to the direction of deposition, and compared with each other. As a result of mechanical property evaluation, the deposited NAB exhibited anisotropy according to the direction of deposition, and showed high tensile strength, hardness, and shock absorption in the longitudinal direction of the welding line.

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), which uses arc as a heat source during the direct energy deposition (DED) process, is a melting-based additive manufacturing process that melts metal wires using an arc and then deposits them layer by layer to create components. It has the advantages of fast production speed and low cost. The WAAM process is mainly performed using a cold metal transfer (CMT) welder capable of low heat input. In this study, the deposition efficiency was studied through a deposition experiment on ferritic stainless steel 436 material. The research method is as follows: first, the appropriate variables of the deposition process (Arc length, Pulse/dynamic, Z-offset, Cooling time) were evaluated and conditions were selected, second, the amount of post-processing loss and deposition performance were evaluated through the deposition efficiency, and third, the mechanical properties were verified through a tensile test evaluation using the deposited specimen, and the appropriate process conditions were selected to create pipes that can be used in industrial sites by multilayer deposition of ferritic stainless steel 436 material.

The present study addresses the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of Al 5183 aluminum alloy using variable polarity mode arc welding on a 16 mm thick Al 5083 substrate. The effect of the EP/EN cycle ratio on the deposition characteristics and microstructure were investigated and described. At the high EN polarity ratio condition, the roughness was enhanced and the weld beads consisted of a fine equiaxed grain. The lower hardness values measured at high EP cycle ratio conditions resulted from the high heat input which formed a columnar microstructure. The WAAM with variable polarity is beneficial for increasing the deposition rate with low heat input compared to a conventional DC arc welding source.