Earticle

This study is to find the relation between hair dyeing and hair loss, scalp healthiness. Now a days many person let their hair dyed by chemicals that generate color and whiten agents. We have interviewed 150 persons live around Seoul, having hair dyeing repeatedly, and was told by reason of hair dyeing, frequency of hair dyeing, cost of hair dyeing, having or not dermatology test before having hair dyeing, symptoms after having hair dyeing. Then, we have investigated 4 times of 15 person’s hair loss number 2 weeks ago before having hair dyeing and have investigated 4 times of 15 persons’s hair loss number 4 weeks later after having hair dyeing. The results is that mean of hair loss number is 53 ea before hair dyeing and mean of hair loss number is 74.9 ea after hair dyeing. The hair loss number is much more bigger after having hair dyeing than does not having hair dyeing. The mean number of hair loss after using scalp toner is 51 ea. Therefore, sea cucumber extract is effective for prevent hair loss and improve scalp condition. Therefore, we have concluded that sea cucumber extracted shampoo and hair toner are good for prevent hair loss and improve scalp hair condition.

We studied person have hair loss problem, reside Seoul and Kyunggi province, from early twenties to late sixties age, have high potential stress condition 40 person within 100 person included men and women. It suggested new resolving method comparing real test with low frequency massage treatment and scalp improvement treatment with isoflavone. After it surveyed general characteristics and hair loss speciality, stress condition, it tested real test each 20 person, two times a week for 16 weeks, total 16 times with scalp treatment care separately general hair loss treatment with comparing group and isoflavone scalp improvement treatment with test group. It tested scalp condition, hair growth density, hair thickness with hair analysis equipment separately before and after, 8 weeks after test, 12 weeks after test, 16 weeks after test. We founded much better improvement effect hair hole arounds and hair tone each group. The hair growth density of test group enriched 76 c㎡ before, 121c㎡ after. The hair thickness of test group enriched 0.0309 mm thick before, 0.0506 mm thick after. It gives a similar difference from statistic data.(p<0.001) Eventually, we concluded scalp improvement care with isoflavone gives effective hair growth density, hair thickness and scalp condition. Due to satisfaction survey, it gives good condition at thickness and sebum loss. Therefore it concluded effective scalp improvement care with isoflavone.

본 연구는 출판인쇄사에서 주로 사용하는 아트지, 스노화이트지, 고급교과서지, 뉴플러스 지, 그린교과서지를 보다 개선된 색 재현, 일관된 인쇄 품질 관리, 효율성 향상을 위해 대 표 교과서 용지를 G7 캘리브레이션 방법으로 캘리브레이션하고 프로파일을 만들어 동일 coated 계열 용지에 적용하였다. 표준과 다른 용지를 활용할 경우 용지 색에 따라 표준으로 쉽게 변경할 수 있도록 Curves4의 SCCA(Substrate Corrected Color Aim) 옵션으로 고급 교과서지, 그린교과서지 에 적용한 후, 그 결과가 GRACoL 2013(CGATS21-2-CRPC6) 규격에 적합한지를 비교 평가하였다. 이 결과는 국내에서 사용되고 있는 다양한 coated 계열의 용지 특성을 적절하게 구분하 여 충분한 색 재현성 및 인쇄 품질을 개선하고 작업의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 특히, coated 계열 용지뿐만 아니라 다른 용지에서도 지속적으로 연구가 진행된다면 토너 방식의 디지털인쇄에서 색 안정화와 효율성 향상에 다양하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study calibrated representative textbook papers using the G7 calibration method for improved color reproduction, consistent print quality management, and efficiency improvement for art paper, snow white paper, high-quality textbook, new plus paper, and green textbooks mainly used by publishing and printing companies. Then, a profile was created and applied to the same coated paper. The SCCA(Substrate Corrected Color Aim) option of Curves 4 was applied to high-quality textbooks and green textbooks so that when using paper different from the standard, it can be easily changed to standard data according to the paper color. And the results were compared and evaluated to see if they conformed to the GRACoL2013(CGATS21-2-CRPC6) standard. 　This result will be able to improve sufficient color reproducibility and print quality and increase work efficiency by appropriately classifying the characteristics of various coated papers used in Korea.　In particular, it is expected that it can be used in various ways for color stabilization and efficiency improvement in toner-type digital printing if research is continued on other papers as well as coated papers.

Waste office paper, photocopied or laser printed, has recently increased along with office automatization. In waste office paper, toner ink is used as the printing medium in place of conventional oil ink. Since toner ink cannot be saponificated by alkali and be decolored by bleaching, different from the case of oil ink, toner remains on regenerated paper as black specks. Although cascade recycling of waste office paper is compelled at present, the demand for low-grade paper is limited. From such circumstances, a new separation process for waste office paper is demanded to achieve parallel recycling. At the first stage of separation studies, the sharpness of separation is evaluated using small separators to obtain fundamental data. In a lab-scale separator, the sample amount of one feed is generally a few grams. However, the sample amount used for brightness, ERIC, and image analysis that are generally used to evaluate the efficiency of deinking are not small for lab-scale tests of these analyses. This paper describes an investigation of a sheet preparation method by a small amount of sample under 0.5g and compares the precision of toner content determination of spectroscopic analysis and image analysis from the viewpoint of separation evaluation. The easiness and convenience of the operation using only general-purpose equipments has also been set as a principle purpose. From the viewpoint of an analysis that yields high precision with a small amount of sample in short time, the method calculating the absorption coefficient from diffuse reflectance in the visible region is the most rational method in this study.

This research proposed an advanced Electronic bead (EB) using MMA (Methy methacrylate) and CCA (Charge Control Agent). In the first, this paper presents about measurement method and characterization analysis of EB and nano-silica with pulse waveform in aging. Furthermore; this work presents the positive and negative EB fabrication procedure. As the experimental results, the proposed EB with square waveform is very attractive to Electronic paper driving characterization.

Because of development of printing technology, toner cartridge particle becomes smaller and more dangerous. And sometimes we had incidents with dust explosion of toner cartridge particle at recycling facilities in Japan. Therefore we studied on hazard of toner particle relating with dust explosion. We found that toner particle is so dangerous compared with most organic solids, even though it does not belong to hazardous materials in the UN regulation and the Japanese Fire Service Law.

The toner type paper-like display (PLD) has been developed with two polymer particles having opposite polarity composed of polymer, colorant and external additives (nano-sized silica). Nano-sized silica with triboelectric charge was used for the charge control agent (CCA) and influenced on the electrostatic properties of the silica-coated polymer particles. The surface morphology and the cohesiveness of silica-coated polymer particles were changed with the silica coating time. From these results, it was verified that the PLD cell using silica-coated particles (200 seconds) shows a good white appearance and low driving voltage.

The toner type paper-like display (PLD) has been developed with two polymer particles having opposite polarity which is composed of polymer, colorant and external additives (nano-sized silica). Nano-sized silica with triboelectric charge was used for the charge control agent (CCA) and influenced on the electrostatic properties of the silica-coated polymer particles. The PLD cell using silica-coated particles (200 seconds) had shown a good white appearance and low driving voltage. The result could be explained in terms of the surface morphology and the cohesiveness depending on the silica coating time.

We fabricated flexible electronic paper display(EPD) by using toner particles on plastic (PC) substrate. We observed the relationship between contrast ratio and changes of rib structures. One is a fabrication of ribs on bottom substrate. The display with ribs on bottom substrate had higher contrast ratio about 46% than display with ribs on top substrate. The other is a change of density of rib. The less density of ribs fabricated, the higher the contrast ratio become.

Fusing process of laser printer is the step to fuse toner on the paper and it has a great effect on fast printing speed, decrease in waiting time and improvement of printing quality. In order to improve the quality of fusing, a study on the fusion region is required. Recently, various researches are progressing in this field. In this study, the research about the temperature distribution of fusing region is performed through numerical analysis because fusing region is one of the important factors influencing fusing quality. According to results, it is ascertained that the temperature of fusing region is relative to velocity of the paper under print and has a regular distribution to width direction of the paper.

We successfully fabricated flexible electronic paper display (EPD) by using toner particles on plastic (PC) substrate. It has high resolution (WVGA : 800 ${\times}$ 480) and 7 inch diagonal viewable image size. The response time was about 0.25 msec at 90 V, a contrast ratio of about 2, a driving voltage of 60 V which we successfully demonstrated to display several images at.

Background: Focusing on the respiratory function for health effect indices, we conducted a cross-sectional study on workers who did and did not handle toner to compare the longitudinal changes. Methods: Among 116 individuals who worked for a Japanese business equipment manufacturer and participated in the study, the analysis included 69 male workers who we were able to follow up for 4 years. We categorized the 40 workers engaged in toner-handling work as the exposed group and the 29 workers not engaged in these tasks as the referent group, and compared their respiratory function test results: peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), vital capacity (VC), predicted vital capacity (%VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a percent of forced vital capacity ($FEV_1%$). Results: The cross-sectional study of the respiratory function test results at the baseline and at the $5^{th}$ year showed no statistically significant differences in PEFR, VC, %VC, $FEV_1$, and $FEV_1%$ between the exposed and referent workers. Also, respiratory function time-course for 4 years was calculated and compared between the groups. No statistically significant differences were shown. Conclusion: Our study does not suggest any toner exposure effects on respiratory function. However, the number of subjects was small in our study; studies of larger populations will be desired in the future.

Hair toners containing polyphenol or Vitamin B5 were investigated according to their recovering effects on hair damaged by bleaching. Surface morphology, CIE L*a*b* values, and tensile properties of hair were measured. The amount of protein leaking from hair was investigated using the Bradford protein assay. The amino acid composition of hair was examined using the HPLC instrument. Hair became severely damaged after bleaching, showing cuticle structure with surface melt down and rolled up tip, a decrease in tensile strength, an increase in protein leak, and an increase in the proportion of cysteic acid. When bleached hair was treated with the two types of hair toner, positive effects were seen in the recovery of cuticle structure and retention of bleached color, an increase in tensile strength, a decrease in protein leak up to certain days, and an increase in the retention of protein examined by the HPLC analysis of amino acids. Hair treated with B5 toner showed better effects on the increase of tensile strength compared to the hair treated with PP toner. Hair treated with PP toner showed better retention of color, less protein leak, and a lower proportion of cysteic acid compared to the hair treated with B5 toner.

본 논문에서는 토너입자를 사용하여 패널을 제작하였다. 실리카가 코팅되어 있는 입자를 사용하여 낮은 충전 전압을 사용하여 입자의 주입층을 제작하였다. 제작한 패널의 전기 및 광학특성을 평가하였으며 cell gap과 구동전압과의 관계와 구동 전과 구동 후의 패널의 반사율을 측정하여 데이터를 추출하였다. 색의 변화를 알아 보기위해 CIE를 측정하여 분석을 하였다.

본 연구에서는 유기현탁제로 폴리비닐알콜(PVA: Poly(vinyl alcohol)을 사용하여 현탁중합토너를 제조하였다. 스타이렌과 부틸아크릴레이트 모노머를 동시에 사용하고 카본블랙을 첨가하여, 좁은 입경분포를 갖는 미세 구형 중합토너를 제조하였다. 최적의 현탁중합조건을 설정하기 위하여 카본블랙이 배제된 예비입자 중합실험을 먼저 수행하였다. 예비입자는 다양한 중합조건에서 제조하였으며, 각각의 특징을 비교 분석하여 최적의 중합조건을 결정하였다. 최적화된 중합조건을 선택하여 제조된 흑색중합토너는 입경 및 형상이 우수하였으며 유리전이온도도 $53.6^{\circ}C$인 것으로 나타나 열적 특성 및 인쇄특성도 우수한 것으로 관찰되었다.

In this study, suspension polymerized toners were prepared by using poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) as an organic suspending agent. Styrene and butylacrylate monomers were used simultaneously with carbon black to prepare microspherical polymerized toners with a narrow-particle size distribution. Preliminary particles without carbon black were polymerized first to optimize suspension polymerization conditions. The preliminary particles were prepared at various polymerization conditions and their characteristics were compared to each other to determine an optimized polymerization condition. The black polymerized toner prepared at the optimized polymerization condition showed reasonable particle size and shape, and good thermal and printing characteristics by showing its glass transition temperature at $53.6^{\circ}C$.

Understanding the adhesion behavior and characteristics of toner film is required to achieve image and text printing with high quality resolution. Toner can be considered as a thin film coating on a media such as paper or polymer film. Quantitative measurement of adhesion characteristics of the thin film is important to assess the reliability of the system. In this work the main objective was to investigate the adhesion characteristic between the toner and the media by ramp loading scratch test method. The scratch test may be used to obtain quantitative information about the adhesion of the film to the substrate. In the scratch test a diamond tip was used to scratch the surface of the toner film under an increasing normal load until the toner detached or fractured. The critical load (LC) was obtained from the experimental results. Also, the relationship between the critical load and the adhesive strength of the interface between the substrate and the toner was obtained by measuring the normal and tangential forces during the scratch test. Finally, theoretical analysis of the toner scratch characteristics was performed based on Benjamin and Weaver theory, Plowing model, and Laugier model.

Study for toner adhesion is 3non as an important role in electrophotography. In this research, a centrifugal detachment method was used to measure the adhesion force of several hundred particles simultaneously and to determine its sensitivity to particle size. For uncharged toner particles, we estimated the van der Waals force based on the centrifugal force experiments. Then for charged toner particles, the centrifugal force experiments were carried out. The difference between the results for charged toner particles and the results for uncharged toner particles was compared with the image force calculated from a model which assumed that the toner charge was located at the center of the particle. In the calculations, experimental data obtained by E-SPART (Electrical-Single Particle Aerodynamic Relaxation Time) analyzer were used. The adhesion force of micro-sized toner particles deposited on the DR surface was found to be approximately $1{\sim}3$ nN.

Study for toner adhesion is known as an important role in electrophotography. In this research, a centrifugal detachment method was used to measure the adhesion force of several hundred particles simultaneously and to determine its sensitivity to particle size. For uncharged toner particles, we estimated the van der Waals force based on the centrifugal farce experiments. Then for charged toner particles, the centrifugal force experiments were carried out. The difference between the results for charged toner particles and the results for uncharged toner particles was compared with the image force calculated from a model which assumed that the toner charge was located at the center of the particle. In the calculations, experimental data obtained by E-SPART (Electrical- Single Particle Aerodynamic Relaxation Time) analyzer were used. The adhesion force of micro-sized toner particles deposited on the DR surface was found to be approximately 1${\~}$3 nN.

본 논문은 법과학 문서분야에서 가장 활발하게 논의되고 있는 주제 중 하나인 상대적 작성시기 판단에 관한 연구이다. 최근 문서 제작에 가장 많이 이용되는 토너 타입의 출력문자와 필기구류 기재문자의 교차 지점을 분광비교분석기 및 무한초점현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 필기구류 종류에 따라 교차지점 형태를 분류할 수 있었고, 문자간 상대적 작성시기 판단에 관한 결과를 도출하였다.

This paper is on a study for discrimination on relative sequence as a most actively discussed topic in forensic document fields. This paper describes the application of the visual spectral comparator and infinite focus microscope as observation methods for overlapping region of printing and writing lines. As a result, we could categorize overlapping region images and identify the sequence of printing and writing lines by various inks.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the fusing mechanism of the micro-encapsulated model toner. In this study, we conducted rheological test to understand the fusing mechanism of the model toner on the low temperature condition of the electrophotographic system. We made four kinds of model toner having a different capsule wall thickness. Differential scanning calorimetry test of the toner was carried out to confirm whether they had a difference of the melting point or not. Flow and dynamic measurement of each encapsulated model toner was conducted to clarify the difference of their fusing mechanism. Especially, difference of the elastic properties of the toner due to the dissimilarity of the capsule-wall thickness were examined in the temperature range of $40^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$. In the result, It was found out that for the measurement of $80^{\circ}C$, the encapsulated model toner showed different tendency of their proportion between elastic and loss modulus (tan ${\delta}$) on the side of low frequency region between $10^{-1}$ and $10^0$, since fused resin of the encapsulated toner had a disparity of their transude characteristic due to the dissimilarity of the capsule-wall thickness.