Earticle

Effective Training has been recognized as one of the most important success factors for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system operations. However, both ERP system vendors and user companies have failed to provide an effective training method for users because practical business process cases cannot be formalized. Also, incomplete testing by ERP system vendors results in insufficient and ineffective user training. This paper suggests a scenario framework for ERP testing and training (SF-ETT). SF-ETT is constructed by expanding the practice-based ERP testing scenario construction framework designed for uniERPII. SF-ETT contains concrete business process entities that users understand actually and provides practice definition, notation, and architecture.

This paper has briefly explained the various measurement and testing system which is an Important component of modern quality and process improvement activities. This paper deals with precision and force measurement , NDT, and MSA.

본 연구는 웹 애플리케이션의 보안 취약점을 효율적으로 점검하기 위한 코드 생성 AI 활용 방법론을 제시한다. 기존 의 수동 점검 방식은 많은 시간과 인력이 소요되며, 사람의 실수로 인해 일부 취약점이 누락될 가능성이 있다. 또한, 기존의 자동화 도구는 정형화된 공격 패턴을 탐지하는 데에는 효과적이지만, 새로운 유형의 취약점이나 복잡한 맥락 을 고려한 보안 점검에는 한계가 존재한다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 코드 생성 AI를 활용한 자동화된 취 약점 점검 시스템을 개발하고, 이를 실제 환경에서 검증하였다. 제안된 시스템은 자연어로 작성된 보안 검사 요청을 실행 가능한 코드로 변환하여 점검을 수행하며, 기존의 정적 분석 및 동적 분석 기법과 결합하여 보다 정밀한 취약 점 탐지가 가능하도록 설계되었다. 실험 결과, 제안된 방법론은 기존의 수동 점검 대비 점검 시간을 약 40% 단축시 키고, 인력 비용을 절감하는 효과를 보였다. 또한, 표준화된 프로세스를 통해 일관성 있는 테스트 수행이 가능하여 보안 점검의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있었다. 특히, 코드 생성 AI가 기존 코드 패턴을 학습하고 새로운 보안 점검 시나리 오에 적용할 수 있기 때문에, 반복적인 취약점 점검 작업이 자동화되면서 개발자와 보안 전문가의 부담을 줄이는 데 기여하였다. 그러나, 복잡한 비즈니스 로직이나 특정 도메인에 특화된 보안 취약점의 경우, 여전히 전문가의 수동 점검이 필요하다는 한계가 있다. AI 모델이 훈련되지 않은 새로운 유형의 취약점이나 논리적 오류를 탐지하는 데 어 려움을 겪을 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 제안한 코드 생성 AI 기반 자동화 점검 시스템은 보안 전문가 의 작업을 보조하는 도구로 활용될 수 있으며, 향후 AI 모델의 학습 데이터 확장과 정밀도를 높이는 연구가 추가적 으로 필요할 것이다.

This study proposes a methodology for using code-generation AI to efficiently detect security vulnerabilities in web applications. Manual assessments are time-consuming and prone to human error, while existing automated tools struggle with detecting new or context-specific vulnerabilities. To address these challenges, we developed an AI-powered system that converts natural language security requests into executable code and integrates static and dynamic analysis techniques for improved accuracy and efficiency.Experimental results showed that the proposed system reduced assessment time by 40% and significantly lowered labor costs while ensuring standardized and consistent security testing. By learning existing code patterns, the AI automates repetitive security checks, reducing the workload for developers and security professionals. However, complex business logic and domain-specific vulnerabilities still require expert review, as AI may struggle with detecting novel threats or logical flaws. Therefore, this system is best used as a complementary tool rather than a replacement. Future improvements should focus on expanding code generation AI training data and enhancing detection capabilities.

This study investigated perceptions of university students from various areas in Thailand regarding aspects of English test practicality including affordability, convenience, resources, contents, and delivery modes. 210 students filled out a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic data, perceptions of test practicality, and views on content and delivery. The data was further analyzed to see whether any differences in the perceptions of test practicality existed between students from universities in Bangkok and those from other regional universities. An additional analysis was conducted to examine relationship between their perceptions and other variables, such as socioeconomic status (SES) and gender. The results revealed that Thai university students viewed the test of English for international communication as important for their future careers despite their unfamiliarity with it. Several aspects of practicality can be enhanced by taking extra steps, such as organizing orientations for high-school students or college freshmen, offering scholarships and fee waivers, and creating a level-based test. Stakeholders from middle-income families and those outside the metropolis had acquaintance with and an encouraging attitude toward the test and the opportunity to achieve a higher score. Regarding gender’s effects on test practicality, while male students embraced computer and the Internet as the new delivery mode, female students, on the other hand, seemed reluctant to do so.

현재 Android 운영체제에서는 효율성이 검증된 Unity 최적화 방법이 존재한다. 그러나 Tizen 운영체제는 기존의 Unity 최적화 방법이 Tizen 운영 체제에 적용될 수 있는지, 얼마나 효과적인지 알려진 바가 많지 않다. 이 연구에서는 기존에 검증된 Android 운영체제의 Unity 최적화 기법들을 Tizen 운영체제에 적용했을 때의 성능에 대 해 분석한다. 이를 위해 기존의 Unity 최적화 방법을 Tizen 운영 체제에 적용할 수 있는지를 조사하고 해당 기법들의 효율성을 Unity Profiler를 통해 평가한다. 이를 통해 향후 기존의 Android 운영체제에 대한 Unity 최적화 방안들에 대한 심층적 평가를 추가적으로 진행하고자 한다.

The Android operating system currently has a proven method of Unity optimization. However, the Tizen operating system does not know how effective the existing Unity optimization method can be applied to the Tizen operating system and how effective it is. In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of applying Unity optimizing techniques of Android operating system to Tizen operating system. To get this purpose, this study investigates whether the existing Unity optimization method can be applied to Tizen operating system and evaluates the efficiency of the method through Unity Profiler. This research will allow us to further evaluate the Unity optimizations for the existing Android operating system in the future.

This paper suggests that the innovative synchronous and asynchronous evaluation system for the Web-Based English Instruction in terms of a set of two modes : On-line Performance- Based Testing mode and CAT(Computer-Adaptive Testing) mode. This system is suitable for the varied multimedia evaluation environment because it provides various media functions. It is estimated that this system has a high degree of efficiency, and low degree of periodical cost and time constraint. Applying the system's various functions and interfacing, we can design and implement interactive electronic authentication for language testing. On-line Performance-Based Testing mode is designed to explore the applicability of computer technology to developing more valid measurement tools for the performance testing in cyberspace. This mode can be designed to include audio/video/chatting control to conduct group oral testing. The primary aim of this mode is to provide students with interactive testing environments to supplement authentic language use. CAT mode is designed to include an adaptive tool to construct on-line adaptive testing. In this mode, a student is free to take the test at any time within a specified time frame.

Careful cleaning and disinfection of pigpens is essential to prevent disease spread and avoid the resultant economic losses. Hygiene in pigpens is generally evaluated by visual monitoring supplemented with bacteriological monitoring, which includes counting the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and/or fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). However, these methods present drawbacks such as time and labor requirements. As adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is ubiquitous in all living organisms including microorganisms, this study aimed to directly compare the results of microbial assessment and ATP quantification, and to suggest possible detailed application methods of the ATP test for hygiene evaluation in pigpens of a farrowing unit. Before and after standard cleaning procedures, samples were collected from the floor corner, floor center, and feeding trough of four pigpens at different time points. No FIB were detected and both the TAB and ATP levels were significantly decreased in the floor center area after cleaning. FIB were continuously detected after cleaning and disinfection of the floor corners, and there was no significant ATP level reduction. The feeding trough did not show any significant difference in these values before and after cleaning, indicating insufficient cleaning of this area. The levels of TAB and ATP after cleaning were significantly correlated and the average ATP value was significantly lower in the absence of FIB than in their presence. In the absence of standard references, a more thorough hygiene management could be achieved evenly by supplementing cleaning or disinfection based on the lowest ATP results obtained at the cleanest test site, which in the present study was the floor center. Overall, these results indicate that the on-farm ATP test can be used to determine the cleanliness status, in addition to visual inspection, as an alternative to laboratory culture-based testing for the presence of microorganisms.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the causal relationship between loneliness and depression among adolescent game players and whether there are gender differences. The current study analyzed the Korean Creative Content Agency “Game Players Panel Data”. The results of the autoregressive cross-lagged model showed that loneliness at the prior time had a positive effect on depression at the later time. Similarly, there was a positive effect of depression on loneliness at a later time. However, there were no gender differences in the relationship between these two variables. Based on these results recommendations are made for service adjustments for loneliness and depression among adolescent game players such as counseling and strengthenning by digital-based social network activities and exploring career paths. Finally, the limitations of this study are noted and suggestions for follow-up research are presented.

Purpose: To test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire - staff version (KPCQ-S) in long-term care institutions. Methods: A total of 297 staff in long-term care institutions including nine nursing homes (NHs) and 4 long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) were included. The KPCQ-S was developed following the WHO guidelines of the process of translation and adaptation of instruments. An internal consistency using Cronbach’s ? was tested for reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the construct validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using Pearson correlation. Results: EFA demonstrated the construct validity of the 14-item KPCQ-S with three-factor solutions, specifically three factors (safety, everydayness, and community) in NHs and four factors (safety, everydayness, community, and comprehensibility) in LTCHs. Convergent validity was found in the correlation with the work satisfaction (r=.55). The KPCQ-S showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s ?=.91). Conclusion: The KPCQ-S is found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring staff perceptions of the person centeredness of long-term care environments.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test hypothesized relationships among experiences of uncertainty, depression, and social support in a sample of subjects undergoing renal replacement therapy in Korea. Methods Path analysis was used in the sample to examine the relationships among depression and experiences of uncertainty, direct social support, indirect social support, and demographic variables. The size of the sample was 104 patients. Patients received either hemodialysis at one of three clinics or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Results One hundred and four subjects participated in the study. It was found that 6.2% of variance in uncertainty was predicted by direct social support (b=?.267), and 46.2% of variance in depression was predicted by three variables: direct social support (b=?.517), economic status (b = .299), and number of admissions (b = .275). Unlike the theoretical model, experiences of uncertainty could not predict depression. Conclusion The effectiveness of social support in relieving experiences of uncertainty and consequently depression was shown in this study. Moreover, depression in this population could be predicted by direct social support, economic status, and frequency of admission. The study was needed to investigate the relationship between depression and experiences of uncertainty with time covariates, as well as to find the factors that influence depression in patients with chronic renal failure. [Asian Nursing Research 2008; 2(2):92?101]

Purpose: This methodological study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory version 3 (SC-CHDI v3) in a Korean context. Methods: The SC-CHDI v3 was translated into Korean following a rigorous translation process. Participants were 452 patients who had experienced coronary heart disease (CHD), all recruited from a tertiary hospital in Korea. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was examined by correlating scores from the Korean version of the SC-CHDI v3 with those from the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale. Internal consistency was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. Results: The Korean version of the SC-CHDI v3 consists of 21 items, excluding two from the original instrument. The self-care maintenance subscale identified a two-factor structure: "treatment adherence" and "health-promoting behaviors." The goodness-of-fit indices were satisfied: χ2 = 18.19, p = .110, comparative fit index (CFI) = .97, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = .95, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = .04. The self-care monitoring subscale consisted of a one-dimensional structure ("monitoring behaviors") and the goodness-of-fit indices were satisfied: χ2 = 19.19, p = .059, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, and SRMR = .04. The self-care management subscales had a two-factor structure of "consulting behaviors" and "problem-solving behaviors." The goodness-of-fit indices were satisfied: χ2 = 16.44, p = .037, CFI = .99, TLI = .98, and SRMR = .03. Scores from the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale showed a positive correlation with the Korean version of SC-CHDI v3 subscales. Reliability estimates were ≥ .80 for all subscales except for the self-care maintenance subscale. Conclusions: The Korean version of the SC-CHDI v3 consists of 21 items in 3 subscales and is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, healthcare providers can effectively utilize it to assess the self-care levels of patients with CHD.

The ongoing softwarization of networks creates a big need for automated testing solutions to ensure service quality. This becomes even more important if agile environments with short time to market and high demands, in terms of service performance and availability, are considered. In this paper, we introduce a novel testing solution for virtualized, microservice-based network functions and services, which we base on TTCN-3, a well known testing language defined by the European standards institute (ETSI). We use TTCN-3 not only for functional testing but also answer the question whether TTCN-3 can be used for performance profiling tasks as well. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed concepts and solutions in a case study using our open-source prototype to test and profile a chained network service.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ-I) among patients with hypertension. Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled hypertensive patients from a cardiac outpatient department in Indonesia using convenience sampling. Eligible patients received a demographic questionnaire and DSRQ-I during a one-month period of data collection. Content and construct analysis examined the validity, whereas internal consistency assessment checked reliability. Participation required 10-15 minutes on average. Results: One hundred thirty-five patients participated: mostly females (54.1%) and married (82.9%) with mean age of 58.18 ± 10.44 years. The item of content validity index was .97, and subscale content validity index was .81 for DSRQ-I. The KaisereMeyereOlkin test gave a value of .83, indicating adequate sampling, and the Bartlett's test of sphericity reached significant result (p < .001). The principal component analysis indicated three components, with 64.2% explaining variance, including perceived behavioral control (35.5%), attitude (19.3%), and subjective norm (9.4%). Confirmatory factor analysis produced a parsimonious model on the three-factor outcome by removing a single item. The indices of good fit model was achieved at x2/df = 2.17, goodness fit index = .85, root mean square error of approximation = .09, standardized root mean square means = .07, and Bentler comparative fit index = .90 (p < .001). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control were .85, .87, and .85, respectively. All interitem and item-total correlations indicated adequate outcome and acceptable result. Consequently, 15 items were determined reliable measurement and included in the final version of DSRQ-I. Conclusion: The DSRQ-I is a valid and reliable instrument to measure facilitators and barrier of sodium restriction among hypertensive patients in Indonesia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Behavior Assessment for Children (BAC) in a community of school-aged children in Taiwan. Method: A school-based sample comprising third grade and fourth grade students was recruited from Taichung City in Taiwan. The parents (n = 248) and teachers (n = 15) of these students completed structured questionnaires, including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the proposed BAC. Content validity, concurrent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability of the BAC were assessed. Results: The BAC comprised three subscales (attention, emotion, and self-control) that included 17 items. The content validity index (CVI) score was 0.98. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis (goodness of fit = .90, root mean square of residual = .03, root mean square error of approximation = .06, and comparative fit index = .94) supported the construct validity of the three BAC subscales. The concurrent validity of the BAC subscales significantly correlated with the compatible CBCL subscales (r = .59-.78, p < .001). Cronbach a of the subscales of the BAC ranged from .78 to .92. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the parents and teachers ranged from .31 to .44, and the joint probability of agreement ranged from 31.4% to 92.2%. Conclusions: The BAC is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating behavioral problems in schoolaged children.

The process of biased hypothesis testing, which occurs when people tend to search for information that would provide support for their hypotheses and ignore hypotheses-disconfirming information, may influence the ways individuals interact with other people, and may end up eliciting behaviors in others that actually correspond to their initial hypotheses, leading them to provide behavioral evidence for the initial expectancies. These processes of biased hypothesis testing and behavioral confirmation have been extensively studied, especially in the instructional setting as a type of self-fulfilling prophecies. In the current paper manifestations of the processes of biased hypothesis testing and behavioral confirmation in three areas of the legal system, legal decision making, police interrogations (false confessions), and eyewitness identifications, were discussed. Furthermore, procedures that can be used to minimize problems resulting from biased hypothesis testing and behavioral confirmation were explored.

Purpose: Fathers' involvement in newborn care positively affects both work sharing between parents, newborn quality of life, and the relationship between father and newborn. However, there is no valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate fathers' self-efficacy levels for newborn care. This study aimed to develop the fathers' self-efficacy scale for newborn care (FSSNC) and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: This study is an instrument development and validation study. After a comprehensive literature review, expert opinion, and pilot application stages, an item pool was developed. For validity and reliability analyses, data were collected between March and December 2022 from 442 individuals, including fathers with newborn babies and expectant fathers whose partners are pregnant. Validity assessments included content, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent validity. The scale was also evaluated for its internal consistency, and two-half-test reliability. In this study, the STROBE checklist was used as a guideline. Results: The final version of the scale consisted of three subdimensions (hygiene, safety, and nutrition). The total number of items is 17. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirm the results of exploratory factor analysis. There was a strong correlation between the scale score and the participants' self-assessment score. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the FSSNC was a valid, reliable, and user-friendly measurement tool used to evaluate fathers' self-efficacy regarding hygiene, safety, and nutrition in newborn care.

In children's mental health, many psychological assessments are critical to measure end outcomes. And equally valid measures are essential for health services outcome research in diverse populations. Examination of equal validity in tests measuring the emotional, motivational, attitudinal, and interpersonal characteristics of children can be achieved with factor analytic tools. Factor analysis assumes a particular measurement model, effect indicator model. However, some psychological measures such as Child Behavior Checklist are not clear whether effect indicator model is assumed. In this paper, an alternative measurement model, causal indicator model, was introduced. Measurement equivalence of CBCL was tested using multiple group analysis based on effect indicator model and using principal component analysis based on causal indicator model. The results showed that measurement equivalence tests based on the two measurement models in CBCL led to similar conclusions. We conclude that the two measurement models could be complementary for explaining differential validity of psychological measures across sub-populations.

Purpose: The purpose of this micro-ethnography is to examine whether science and societal changes impact family communication patterns among a convenience sample of 16 Korean women. Methods: The authors observed family communication in the context of a new breast cancer genetic screening and diagnostic testing program to detect BRCA gene mutations in Korean women at highest risk. Results: Analysis of in-depth interviews and field notes taken during participant observation illustrated that communication patterns in families vary according to a woman’s position in the family. If a grandmother tests positive for a gene mutation, her daughters make decisions on her behalf; they open and maintain the communication channel among family members. If a housewife is diagnosed with cancer and a genetic mutation, she immediately consults her husband and her sisters. The husband creates an open communication channel between his wife, his parents and his siblings. As a result, a woman’s cancer is a concern for the whole family not merely a woman’s secret or crisis. Conclusion: Cultural differences are important to consider when designing new genetic service programs in different countries.

Drones have gained increasing attention in the healthcare industry for mobility and accessibility to remote areas. This perspective-based study proposes a drone-based sample collection system whereby COVID-19 self-testing kits are delivered to and collected from potential patients. This is achieved using the drone as a service (DaaS). A mobile application is also proposed to depict drone navigation and destination location to help ease the process. Through this app, the patient could contact the hospital and give details about their medical condition and the type of emergency. A hypothetical case study for Geelong, Australia, was carried out, and the drone path was optimized using the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. The proposed method aims to reduce person-to-person contact, aid the patient at their home, and deliver any medicine, including first aid kits, to support the patients until further assistance is provided. Artificial intelligence and machine learning-based algorithms coupled with drones will provide state-of-the-art healthcare systems technology.

Purpose: This study sought to develop the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form (BFAS-SF) for use at 4 weeks postpartum, to test its validity and reliability, and to examine its measurement invariance. The latent mean score of the BFAS-SF across multiple groups was also compared. Methods: This methodological research study was conducted to develop a short form of the BFAS and to test its psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Data were collected twice for measurement invariance testing. The sample included 431 and 272 breastfeeding mothers at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum, respectively. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported six dimensions of the BFAS-SF at 4 weeks postpartum. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed evidence for invariance of the BFAS-SF according to employment status, parity, delivery mode, and the postpartum period. There were statistically significant latent mean differences. Mothers who were unemployed and who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence, sufficient breast milk, and baby’s satisfaction with breastfeeding. Conclusion: The BFAS-SF is valid, reliable, and an appropriate instrument for assessing mothers’ breastfeeding adaptation. It can be used to compare mean scores according to employment status and delivery mode.