Earticle

The purpose of the study was to characterize the ball movement on the sloped green while putting stroke. For this study, a plate(1 m length, 0.9 m width, 0.03 m depth) was made with pine tree. This plate can make four different types of slope which are uphill slope, downhill slope, hook slope, and slice slope. To identify the ball rolling conditions, same energy is provided by putter head. That is why the mechanical swing machine was used in this study. This machine can hold the putter and moves like a pendulum. If the club head moves backward(35 cm) in same distance, it can produce the same energy. The distance of ball movement was set on 2 meters. The origine(0,0) was set on the corner of the plate and the ball(target line) was set on 70 cm difference from the origin. Therefore the coordinates of the ball are (70,0). In this study, x-axis stands for direction and y-axis stands for distance. The results are as follows. On flat, ball was stopped 69.0 cm which is 1 cm difference with target line. On uphill and downhill slope, ball was stopped 71.0 cm and 71.2 cm, respectively. In this case, the differences are only 1.0 cm and 1.2 cm. On side hill slope(hook plate), ball was stopped 14.7 cm which is 54.3 cm difference from the target line. From the point of view of direction, side hill slope can affect mainly during the ball moving conditions. On flat, ball was moved 204.3 cm from the original position. On uphill slope, ball was moved only 117.2 cm. It is only 57% comparing with flat slope. On downhill slope, ball was moved 338.8 cm. It is about 166% comparing with flat slope. On side hill slope, ball was moved 196.6 cm. The difference between flat and side hill slopes is only 7.7 cm. Definitely, uphill and downhill slope can affect the total distance of ball.

Multi-target tracking based on on-line boosting is a significant technique in computer vision. However, it is very difficult to select the optimal classifier in on-line learning process since tracking often relies on an assumption that the appearance model of target is fixed. This would directly lead to a decline in the performance of on-line boosting. In this paper, we presents a novel on-line multi-target tracking framework based on Weighted Incremental Histogram Model (called WIHM), which can be applied in some static or dynamic scenarios. First, we propose a novel method—WIHM, which is employed to obtain the optimal size of a tracked object. Second, a new update scheme is used to reach local optimum tracking appearance model with high possibility and accuracy. Third, based on the above works, a multi-target tracking framework is proposed to track multi-targets simultaneously. With the appearance model of targets changed continually, our represented approach can track these targets more powerful, especially in dealing with camera motions. Experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of our method.

For a vehicle Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), the control target is to maintain friction coefficients within maximum range to ensure minimum stopping distance and vehicle stability. But in order to achieve a directionally stable maneuver, tire side forces must be considered along with the braking friction. Focusing on combined braking and turning operation conditions, this paper presents a new control scheme for an ABS controller design, which calculates optimal target wheel slip ratio on-line based on vehicle dynamic states and prevailing road condition. A fuzzy logic approach is applied to maintain the optimal target slip ratio so that the best compromise between braking deceleration, stopping distance and direction stability performances can be obtained for the vehicle. The scheme is implemented using an 8-DOF nonlinear vehicle model and simulation tests were carried out in different conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust and effective. Compared with a fixed-slip ratio scheme, the stopping distance can be decreased with satisfactory directional control performance meanwhile.

Histone methylation has diverse functions including transcriptional regulation via its lysine or arginine residue methylation. Studies indicate that deregulation of histone methylation is linked to human cancers including leukemia. Histone H3K27 methyltrnasferase response element II binding protein (RE-IIBP), as a transcriptional repressor to target gene IL-5, interacts with HDAC and is over-expressed in leukemia patient samples. In this study, we have identified that hematopoiesis-related genes GATA1 and HOXA9 are down-regulated by RE-IIBP in K562 and 293T cells. Transient reporter analysis revealed that GATA1 transcription was repressed by RE-IIBP. On the other hand, HOXA9 and PBX-related homeobox gene MEIS1 was up-regulated by RE-IIBP. These results suggest that RE-IIBP might have a role in hematopoiesis or leukemogenesis by regulating the transcription of target genes, possibly via its H3K27 methyltransferase activity.

Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) is an autonomous retrotransposon, which is capable of inserting into a new region of genome. Previous studies have reported that these elements lead to genomic variations and altered functions by affecting gene expression and genetic networks. Mounting evidence strongly indicates that genetic diseases or various cancers can occur as a result of retrotransposition events that involve L1s. Therefore, the development of methodologies to study the structural variations and interpersonal insertion polymorphisms by L1 element-associated changes in an individual genome is invaluable. In this study, we applied a systematic approach to identify human-specific L1s (i.e., L1Hs) through the bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput next-generation sequencing data. We identified 525 candidates that could be inferred to carry non-reference L1Hs in a Korean individual genome (KPGP9). Among them, we randomly selected 40 candidates and validated that approximately 92.5% of non-reference L1Hs were inserted into a KPGP9 genome. In addition, unlike conventional methods, our relatively simple and expedited approach was highly reproducible in confirming the L1 insertions. Taken together, our findings strongly support that the identification of non-reference L1Hs by our novel target enrichment method demonstrates its future application to genomic variation studies on the risk of cancer and genetic disorders.

Background/Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer with high mortality rate in patients suffering from liver diseases. The drug of choice used in advanced-stage of HCC is sorafenib. However, adaptive resistance has been observed in HCC patients undergoing long-term sorafenib treatment, lowering its effectiveness. Hence, it is important to overcome drug resistance to improve overall management of HCC. Here, we have identified a candidate biomarker for sorafenib resistance in a HCC model cell line, HepG2. Methods: Initially, comparative proteomic profiling of parental HepG2 [HepG2 (P)] and sorafenib-resistant HepG2 [HepG2 (R)] cells was performed via MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) which revealed the deregulation of vimentin in HepG2 (R) cells. Gene and protein level expression of vimentin was also observed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), respectively. Furthermore, withaferin A was used to study regulation of vimentin expression and its significance in sorafenib resistance. Results: Both gene and protein level of vimentin expression was found to be downregulated in HepG2 (R) in comparison to HepG2 (P). Interestingly, the study demonstrated that withaferin A further lowered the expression of vimentin in HepG2 (R) cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, inhibition of vimentin lowered ABCG2 expression and decreased cell viability in parental as well as sorafenib resistant HepG2 cells. Conclusions: Hence, our study for the first time highlighted the probable therapeutic potential of vimentin in sorafenib resistant HepG2, a HCC model cell line.

증강현실(Augmented Reality; AR)은 입력받은 현실 영상에 대상 영상을 결합하여 출력하는 형태의 시스템이다. 그렇기 때문에 가상 영상을 우리가 원하는 올바른 위치에 결합시킬 방법에 대한 문제는 증강현실에서 가장 중요한 문제들 중 하나다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 조건에서 허프변환을 통해 직사각형 형태의 영역들을 자동으로 검출하고 올바른 위치에 가상 영상을 결합시키기 위한 방법론에 대해 논한다. 또한 그 과정에서 허프변환으로 얻은 라인들을 단순화시키는 과정인 라인 프루닝 필터(Line Pruning Filter; LPF) 알고리즘을 제안하고 이에 대해 다양한 실험을 통하여 검출 성능의 향상을 확인하였다.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a system that aggregates virtual images into the actual images. How we combine virtual image into a desired locations is one of the most important issues for augmented reality. In this paper, we discuss how to automatically detect rectangular regions and combine virtual images in correct locations under various conditions. Also the Line Pruning Filter(LPF) algorithm that simplifies the lines from the Hough Transform is proposed to improve the performance of the detection of rectangular regions.

Vulnerability assessment is a process to calculate the damage degree of a combat vehicle when the combat vehicle is attacked by an enemy. When the vehicle is hit, it is necessary to analyze the shot line to calculate which components are damaged and judge whether the armor of the vehicle is penetrated by enemy's warhead. To analyze the shot line efficiently, this paper presents the target modeling and the shot line analysis system to assess vulnerability of the ground combat vehicle. This system is easily able to do several functions: 1) the program reads STL files converted from CAD model which is designed by commercial CAD software. 2) It calculates the intersection between triangle of STL mesh and the shot line, and check if the components of the model are penetrated. 3) This program can visualize the results using OpenGL. The vulnerability assessment using the shot line analysis can be used to model the armor of the combat vehicle and arrange the inner components effectively in the early stage of development of the combat vehicle.

Bearing and frequency measurements of TMA (Target Motion Analysis) in passive line array SONAR have lower bearing rate and frequency doppler, and are not detected or tracked continuously because of various ocean environments. This is a main reason to effect the TMA performance and it takes a long time to get TMA solutions. We propose the bearing and frequency TMA(BFTMA) using accumulative batch estimation to solve the TMA problem of line array passive SONAR. The accumulative batch estimation structure is based on MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) but used accumulative measurements. The accumulative batch estimation is applied for the BFTMA with nonlinear Kalman filter to estimate the target range, speed and course. Simulation and sea data analysis were carried out to verify the performance and applicability of the proposed techniques.

본 논문은 이동표적에 대해서 고정형 탐색기(Strapdown Seeker)가 장착된 유도탄의 지향각 제한을 고려하여 충돌각(Impact Angle)을 제어하는 유도법칙을 제안하고 있다. 제안한 유도법칙은 슬라이딩 모드를 기반으로 하고 있으며, 탐색기에서 제공하는 지향각과 항법 정보를 통해 얻을 수 있는 시선각 정보와 발사 초기 표적 획득장비 등을 통해 제공 받는 표적 속도와 표적 이동경로각을 이용하여 가속도 명령을 생성한다. 제안한 슬라이딩 surface의 수렴을 통해 표적 요격과 충돌각 제어가 가능하다. 또한, 최대, 최소 지향각에서 지향각의 미분결과의 부호가 지향각의 부호와 반대가 된다는 것을 보임으로써 지향각 제한을 넘지 않는다는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

In this paper, we propose a guidance law to control Impact Angle in consideration of look angle limit of the missile with strapdown seeker on the non-maneuvering target. The proposed law is based on sliding mode algorithm and generates acceleration commands using look angle and line of sight information provided by the strapdown seeker and navigation system. And, target velocity and target path angle are provided by like TADS (Target Acquisition and Designation System) at launch time. We can confirm that the target interception and impact angle control are possible through the convergence of the proposed sliding surface. In addition, it is possible to confirm that the sign of derivative result of the look angle at the maximum and minimum look angle is opposite to the sign of the look angle, so the look angle limit is not exceeded.

This paper addresses a novel approach to performance enhancement of the naval gun fire control system(FCS) by using the projectile tracking filter without any distortion of radar measurements. Under the assumption that the maneuvering between the projectile and the ship equipped with the radar is not quite large, this method is based on the concept of polar-coordinate target tracking, which separates the range estimation filter and the direction cosine estimation filter. Note that using polar-coordinates allows tracking to be performed in the same coordinate system from which the radar line-of-sight(LOS) measurements are obtained, unlike the conventional tracking process in Cartesian. Also, it is easy to implement in real-time and guarantees consistent estimates due to its linear filter structure. With the help of the above method, therefore, the proposed filter is able to improve the overall performance of FCS which requires stability of projectile estimates within a short engagement time. The effectiveness of the presented scheme is validated through computer simulations.