Earticle

본 연구는 바르셀로나 도시계획에서 사회적 측면에서 제시된 세르다의 “도시활력 개념”에 따른 물리적 계획요소의 적용과 도시계획의 방향에 대하여 고찰하는 것을 목표로 한다. 즉, 급격한 역사-사회변화 과정에서 나타난 도시구성 속에서 도시의 활력, 도시의 생명체를 살리고자 하였던 세르다의 사상적 원칙에 대해 알아보고 또한, 도시를 여러 측면에서 해석하여 다양한 인문-사회-경제적 요소와 도시공간 형태의 유기적 연관관계를 살펴보고자 한다.

The main of this study is finding about the urban planning of Barcelona which to approach from the social aspect. Based on the “Urban Vitality” Cerda proposed to apply “Physical Component” and urban planning orientation. Thereby to understand about metabolism of physical and social to make “Physical Component” developing to see the thought of Cerda as: exploitation, Urban Vitality flexibility and City life. This thought derives to make a urban planning of Barcelona becoming original and only. This study characterized learn about space and urban component. Based on that foundation to hope many ideas can be apply to the urban planning of many city in domestic on the future. After analysis of Cerda’s “Urban Vitality” concept the methods applied of “Physical component” in Barcelona’s urban planning and the network of space of “Physical component”, the author proposed many implication as follow: Firstly, Cerda proposed “Block –patio” model which has been considerably enlarged compared with width. Secondly, the transport network planning of Cerda which was simplify and unification maximum about the purpose of the human and the vehicle can be circulate equally uniform. Thirdly, the square form was formed by block's conversion and the combination method of “block-streets”. So that, the center point of Cerda’s urban planning is combination four physical component: Block-Patio-Street-Plaza. It is similar with life which is a link organically. Thereby that is orientation for urban life which take place with a linkage and strict order.

본 연구는 근대의 유토피아적 개념을 바탕으로 한 사회 사상가들과 건축가들에 의해 제시된 이상도시계획을 연구함으로써, 그들의 유토피아적 사상을 이해하고 급격한 사회변화 과정에서 나타난 도시환경 속에서 인간을 위한 이상적인 도시를 추구하고자 했던 근대의 유토피아 사상가들이 제시한 이상도시계획의 공간 형태적 특성에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 그 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 오웬에서부터 꼬르뷔지에에 이르기까지 이들은 산업혁명 직후의 도시에서 노동자들의 주거환경을 개선함으로써, 그들의 잘 살고자하는 욕망을 해결해주고자 하였다. 둘째, 이들은 산업사회가 초래한 사회적 현상을 해결하고 도시 내 폭발적으로 증가한 인구를 작은 면적에 수용하기 위해 주거를 수직적으로 집합화시키고 내적으로는 주거와 작업공간을 결합시켰다. 이러한 가운데 합리적으로 대지를 분할하고 각각의 기능을 용도에 맞게 배치하는 등 조닝개념을 적극적으로 도입하였다. 셋째, 오웬의 협동마을과 푸리에의 팔랑스테르는 단일의 건물로써, 주로 격자의 도로체계 내의 내향적으로 자급자족하는 커뮤니티를 지향하는 계획안을 제안하였고, 가르니에의 공업도시와 꼬르뷔지에의 빛나는 도시는 여러 격자의 도로 패턴이 겹쳐지는 도로체계를 계획하여 도시의 확장 가능성을 고려하였다.

This study is to understand their utopian thinking and analyze the Spatial-Form Characteristics of the Ideal City proposed by modern utopian thinkers followed the Ideal society for people in rapid social change process by studying the Ideal city plan proposed by social philosopher(s) and architect(s) based on concept of modern utopia. Analysis results were summed up as follows: First, from Robert Owen and Le Corbusier, they solved the city's overall social problem. By improving worker's standard of living in city immediately after the Industrial Revolution, they solved the desire to live well. Second, they were gathering dwellings vertically and then internally combined dwelling and working spaces to be adopted tremendous population increase on small areas in modern industrial society. Also they divided the land rationally and actively adopted the zoning concept such as arranging function for connected purpose. Third, the cooperative village and the phalanstère proposed the plan oriented introversively self-sufficient community in a single building. but the Une cite industielle and the Radiant city considered the possibility of expansion of the city planning the road systems overlapping several grid pattern.

In Korea during the enlightenment period, there have been very active changes in almost every field of the age, including politics, economy, society and culture, and these changes were no exception in the religious sector. In the case of Christianity which was introduced to Chosun, there were missionary activities focusing on areas that were essential to the people such as education and medical care advanced in the West, but Confucian philosophy and customs dominated the lives of most people in Chosun society. In particular, it has become imperative to secure a certain level of ethical and moral justification in order to effectively spread Christianity as an "equal and universal religion for all mankind" while minimizing the resistance of the existing social order from the Confucian philosophy and customs such as ‘Gender Discrimination’. The 'ㄱ' Form Church has a very unique external appearance of Christian architecture found only in Korea. The 'ㄱ' Form Church had various advantages, such as psychological comfort and ease of extension attributable to the Korean traditional architecture, elimination the limitations of sight and hearing in a sermon, and the natural separation of men and women set not only by Confucian traditional norms but also by the exact contents defined by Christianity. The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics and compositions of the worship space in the existing 'Keumsan' and 'Doodong' church, and to discover how those churches understood and adapted themselves to the various norms prescribed by Confucianism especially ‘Gender Discrimination’ in their architecture.

This study aims to understand the concept and characteristics of fractal geometry, and to compare and analyze the spatial form characteristics shown in the architectural works of Bjarke Ingels to derive fractal characteristics. In order to analyze the characteristics and algorithms of fractal dimensions, focusing on works completed after 2015, it aims to suggest possibilities for contemporary architecture. as a conclusion, I was able to see that BIG pursues designs that prioritize popularity and functionality by emphasizing social and environmental needs, and that innovative design methods based on digital technology are mechanisms that can recognize the influence of contemporary architects on spatial forms. Through the spatial form generation methods of BIG, the subjects of this study, using different algorithms, I was able to see that they can be interpreted as mechanism that express the complexity and diversity of contemporary architecture.

본 연구는 과학 분야의 새로운 대안으로 평가되는 프랙탈 기하학을 활용하여 불특정적이고 복잡다양한 건축 현상을 건축 디자인 분야에서 해석하고 적용하여 다차원적인 공간 형태를 창출하여 사용자의 예측 불가능하고 유연한 요구에 대응하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 다양한 분야에서 활용할 수 있는 디자인 기법의 알고리즘과 함께 활용 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이 과정에서 프랙탈 기하학의 개념과 특징, 구성 원리를 이해하고, 건축작품의 해석과 창출을 위한 프랙탈 차원의 알고리즘을 설정하였다. 프랙탈 차원의 알고리즘 활용으로 2000년대 이후에 세워진 자하 하디드의 건축 작품에 나타난 공간 형태의 생성 과정을 해석하였다. 또한 건축가의 프랙탈 특성의 측면을 다이어그램을 통해 제시하고 다양한 알고리즘의 활용 비율을 분석하여 이를 공간 형태의 생성 메커니즘으로 제시함으로써 현대 건축의 공간형태 구성에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제안하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 불특정적이고 복잡다양한 현 사회 구조를 반영한 도시의 생활공간과 주거공간 창출을 유도할 수 있는 지침 마련의 토대가 될 것으로 사료된다.

This study utilizes fractal geometry, which is evaluated as a new alternative in the field of science, to interpret and apply complex and diverse architectural phenomena in the field of architectural design to create multi-dimensional space forms and respond to users' unpredictable and flexible demands. We want to explore the possibilities of whether it can be used with various algorithms that can be used. In this process, we tried to understand the concept, characteristics, and compositional principles of fractal geometry, and to interpret the creation process of spatial forms in Zaha Hadid's architectural works erected after the 2000s from the perspective of fractal geometry. In addition, we tried to explore the possibility of application to contemporary architecture by proposing the aspects of the architect's fractal characteristics through diagrams and analyzing the proportion of utilization of various algorithms to propose them as a mechanism for creating spatial forms.