Earticle

숏폼 동영상 플랫폼과 생성형 인공지능(Generative AI, GenAI)의 급속한 확산은 소비자들이 디지털 미디어 전반에서 주의를 배분하는 방식을 근본적으로 변화시키고 있다. 기존 연구는 이러한 기술들을 주로 개별적으로 분석해 왔으나, 이들이 결합되어 OTT(Over-The-Top) 스트리밍 서비스 이용에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해서는 아직 충분히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구는 미디어 생태계 관점, 기술수용모형(Technology Acceptance Model), 이용과 충족 이론(Uses and Gratifications Theory)을 바탕으로 숏폼 미디어 이용과 생성형 AI 이용이 OTT 사용 패턴에 미치는 영향과, 이러한 효과가 소비자 혁신성의 다차원적 특성에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 분석한다. 2024년 한국미디어패널조사에 참여한 8,675명의 개인 데이터를 활용하여 Tobit 회귀모형을 추정한 결과, 숏폼 미디어 이용은 OTT 시청 시간 증가와 강한 정(+)의 관련성을 보인 반면, 생성형 AI 이용의 효과는 개인 특성에 따라 이질적으로 나타났다. 쾌락적 혁신성은 OTT 시청 시간과 정(+)의 관계를 보였으나, 사회적 혁신성과 인지적 혁신성은 유의한 영향을 보이지 않았다. 특히 기능적 혁신성은 대조적인 조절 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났는데, 생성형 AI 이용과 OTT 시청 시간 간의 관계는 강화하는 반면, 숏폼 미디어 이용과 OTT 시청 시간 간의 관계는 약화시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 생성형 AI 이용은 남성보다 여성에게서 OTT 시청 시간 증가 효과가 더 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 최신 디지털 기술이 OTT 이용에 서로 다른 경로를 통해 작용하며, 새로운 기술이 장편 콘텐츠 소비를 보완할지 또는 대체할지는 소비자의 혁신 지향성에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

The rapid growth of short-form video platforms and generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is reshaping how consumers allocate attention across digital media. While prior research has largely examined these technologies separately, little is known about how they jointly influence engagement with over-the-top (OTT) streaming services. Drawing on media ecosystem perspectives, the Technology Acceptance Model, and Uses and Gratifications Theory, this study examines how short-form media use and GenAI use affect OTT consumption patterns and how these effects depend on multidimensional consumer innovativeness. Using data from 8,675 individuals in the 2024 Korea Media Panel Survey and Tobit regression models, we find that short-form media use is strongly associated with greater OTT viewing time, whereas the effect of GenAI use is more heterogeneous. Hedonic innovativeness is positively related to OTT viewing time, while social and cognitive innovativeness are not. Importantly, functional innovativeness plays a contrasting moderating role: it strengthens the relationship between GenAI use and OTT viewing time but weakens the relationship between short-form media use and OTT viewing time. In addition, GenAI use increases OTT viewing time more for female users than for male users. Overall, the findings show that emerging digital technologies influence OTT engagement through distinct pathways and that individual innovation orientations determine whether new technologies complement or compete with long-form media consumption

[목적] 본 연구는 확장된 계획행동이론을 적용하여 골프 레슨 숏폼 콘텐츠의 시청동기와 행동 의도 간의 관계를 규 명하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. [방법] 구글 설문지 프로그램을 활용하여 2024년 11월 6주간 설문지를 배포하였으며, 총 404명의 표본으로 SPSS 28.0, AMOS 23.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석, 구조방 정식 모형 분석을 실시하였다. [결과] 도출된 결과를 살펴보면 골프 레슨 숏폼 콘텐츠 시청 동기 중 기능적 동기와 유희적 동기는 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동 통제에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 계획행동이론(태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동 통제)도 행동 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 골프 레슨 숏폼 콘텐 츠는 기능적 정보와 유희적 요소를 균형 있게 제공 함으로써 시청자의 긍정적인 태도와 행동 의도를 효과적으로 강 화할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 콘텐츠 제작자는 시청자가 접근성과 활용성을 높게 인식할 수 있는 콘텐츠 환경을 조성 하여, 지속적인 시청과 행동 참여를 유도할 필요가 있다.

[Purpose] This study aims to examine the relationship between viewing motivation and behavioral intention in golf lesson short-form content by applying the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB). [Method] A Google survey was conducted over a period of six weeks in November 2024, collecting a total of 404 valid responses. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 23.0 for frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. [Result] The results indicate that among the viewing motivations for golf lesson short-form content, both functional motivation and hedonic motivation have significant impacts on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, the constructs of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior—attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control—were found to significantly influence behavioral intention. [Conclusion] It was confirmed that golf lesson short-form content can effectively enhance viewers' positive attitudes and behavioral intentions by providing a well-balanced mix of functional information and hedonic elements. Content creators should focus on building an environment where viewers perceive high accessibility and usability, thereby encouraging continuous viewing and active participation.

본 연구는 유튜브 이용자의 콘텐츠 이용동기, 시청 중 경험하는 몰입 및 의사사회적관계(PSR), 그리고 외로움 해소의 관계를 밝히고, 이것이 콘텐츠 유형에 따라 차이를 갖는지 탐구하였다. D대학교에서 온라인 강좌를 수강하는 학생 478명(숏폼 247명, 롱폼 231명)을 대상으로 온라인설문을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 유튜브 이용동기는 오락/휴식, 상호작용, 정보추구/학습, 핵심/편리성, 배경자극추구, 다중매체추구의 6가지로, 숏폼은 롱폼에 비해 핵심/편리성이, 롱폼은 숏폼에 비해 정보추구/학습, 배경자극추구, 다중매체추구 이용동기가 더 강하게나타났다. 둘째, 숏폼은 몰입이, 롱폼은 PSR이 상대적으로 높았으며, 몰입과 PSR 모두 외로움해소에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 몰입과 PSR은 콘텐츠 유형과 외로움 해소 간 관계에 일관된 매개 효과를 보였는데, 구체적으로 숏폼은 롱폼보다 몰입을 통해, 롱폼은 숏폼보다 PSR 을 통해 외로움 해소에 더 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 외로움 해소는 콘텐츠 이용만족도와 지속시청의도를 높이는 직접적 요인으로 작용하였다. 또한, 콘텐츠 유형이 이용만족도 및 지속시청의도에 미치는 영향을 몰입, PSR, 외로움 해소가 순차적으로 매개함이 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 이용자의 심리적 경험을 고려한 콘텐츠 기획과 플랫폼 운영 전략의 중요성을 시사한다. 마지막으로 연구 결과를 바탕으로 이론적/실무적 시사점 및 한계에 대해 논의하였다.

This study investigated the relationships among YouTube content types (Short-form/Shorts vs. Long-form), usage motivations, flow experiences, parasocial relationship(PSR), and the relief from loneliness. Data were collected through an online survey of 478 students enrolled in an online course at D University (Shorts users: 247, long-form users: 231). The findings are the following: First, six You tube usage motivation factors were identified; entertainment/relaxation, social interaction, information-seeking/learning, core content/convenience, background stimulation, and multi-tasking media use. Compared to long-form content, Shorts users exhibited stronger motivations for core content/convenience, while Long-form users showed stronger motivations for information-seeking/learning, background stimulation, and multi-tasking media use. Second, user experiences such as flow, PSR, and loneliness alleviation differed according to usage motivation, with entertainment/relaxation, social interaction, and background stimulation showing particularly positive effects. Third, Shorts users reported higher flow experience, whereas Long-form users exhibited stronger PSR. Both flow and PSR positively influenced the alleviation of loneliness. Furthermore, a consistent mediating effect was found in the relationship between content type and loneliness alleviation: Shorts were more effective through flow, while Long-form content was more effective through PSR formation. Finally, alleviation of loneliness significantly enhanced content satisfaction and continued viewing intention. The sequential mediation model confirmed that content type influenced satisfaction and continued viewing through the pathways of flow, PSR, and loneliness alleviation. The study highlights the importance of considering users’ psychological experiences in content planning and platform strategies. Theoretical and practical implications, along with research limitations, are discussed.

본 연구에서는 한국형 다차원 성격검사의 단축형을 개발하고 타당화하였다. 단축형 검사 개발을 위해 원 검사에서 문항을 선별하고, 단축형 검사의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 단축형 검사 개발을 위해 임상심리전문가와 심리측정전문가가 문항의 변별도와 심각도, 문항 내용을 고려하여 원 검사에서 33문항을 선별하였다. 선별된 문항으로 구성된 단축형 검사는 원 검사에 비해 개별 5요인을 구성하는 문항 수가 적어 내적 일관성 지수와 신뢰도가 전반적으로 다소 낮아졌지만, 요인구조 타당도는 원 검사의 모형 적합도보다 향상되었고, 원 검사와 동일한 요인구조가 확인되었다. 단축형 검사의 수렴타당도도 원 검사의 타당도와 유사하였으며, 두 검사 점수의 프로파일도 동일한 형태를 나타내었다. 한국형 다차원 성격검사 단축형은 원 검사와 비교했을 때 문항이 80% 이상 줄었지만, 5요인을 측정함에 있어 정보의 큰 손실 없이 원 검사가 측정하는 성격특성을 정확하게 측정하는 것으로 보인다. 5요인 각각에 속한 하위 요인을 평가하기 위해서는 원 검사를 활용해야 하겠지만, 5요인을 주요 변인으로 하는 연구나 신속한 성격 측정을 위한 임상 장면 등에서는 한국형 다차원 성격검사 단축형의 활용도가 높을 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a short form of a multi-dimensional personality inventory(Bright and Dark Personality Inventory: BDPI). Items were selected from the original form in order to develop the BDPI short form, and the reliability and validity of the short form were examined. A clinical psychologist and psychometrician selected 33 of the 165 original items in light of the item content and parameters(severity and discrimination). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were generally low. The reason for the low reliability was an insufficient number of items for each factor. The model fit of the short form was better than that of the original form and the short form showed the same factor structure as the original form. The convergent validity of the short form was similar to that of the original form and the profiles of the short form and original form were similar to each other. As a result, although the short form was reduced by 80% from the original form, it was confirmed that the short form generated precise measurement of the same personality traits as the original form does. In order to evaluate the sub-factors belonging to each of the five factors, the original form should be used, but it is thought that the short form will be widely utilized in studies using the five factors as the main variable or in clinical settings for rapid measurements of personality. Finally, in the discussion section, limitations are addressed and suggestions are presented for further research.

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라의 65세 이상 노인 집단에 총점으로 사용할 수 있는 단축형 회상기능척도(RFS-S)를 개발하고 정상노인 집단과 경도인지장애 집단에게 RFS-S를 시행하여 RFS-S의 내적신뢰도 및 준거타당도 검증과 인구학적 특성이 회상기능에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 65세 이상 정상대조군 60명, 경도인지자애군 58명으로 두 집단 간 일반적 특성은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 문항 간 내적신뢰도는 0.63이었고, RFS-S와 이야기회상검사, 치매임상평가척도 박스총점과의 수렴타당도는 각 0.20(p<.05), -0.25(p<.001)로 모두 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. ROC 곡선 아래의 면적을 분석한 준거타당도 결과 0.68(p<.001)로 덜 정확한(less accurate) 검사로 최적 절단점은 17점이었고 이에 따른 민감도는 0.59, 특이도는 0.72였다. 인구학적 변인에 따른 회상기능은 모두 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. RFS-S는 정상과 경도인지장애 차이를 판별하는 신뢰도와 타당도가 높은 진단 보조 도구이자 회상치료의 효과를 평가하는 유용한 도구임을 나타낸다.

This study aims at developing Reminiscence Function Scale-Short Form(RFS-S) and verifying it as a supplemental diagnosis instrument to judge differences between normal and mild cognitive impairment and useful measure to rate effects of reminiscence therapy in the clinical field through internal consistency reliability and criterion validity. The study also aims at figuring out factors affection reminiscence function by figuring out demographic features of RFS-S. The research subjects were the control group of 60 normal people and experimental group of 58 people with mild cognitive impairment and both groups were over 65 years old. For internal consistency reliability(Cronbach's alpha) between questions was reliable with 0.63. Convergent validities of RFS-S with SRT and CDR-SB were 0.20(p<.05) and -0.25(p<.001), respectively, as both showed significant correlations. As a result of criterion validity to analyze AUROC, it was 0.68(p<.001) and less accurate. Its optimal cut-off points were 17 and sensitivity according to them was 0.59, and specificity was 0.72, respectively. However, reminiscence function according to demographic variables did not show any significant differences. Therefore, it is expected that RFS-S will be used as a supplemental diagnosis instrument with higher reliability and validity for discerning differences between normal and mild cognitive impairment and as a useful one to verify effects of reminiscence therapy.

Purpose: This study was to translate the Short-form McGill Pain Questionnair (SF-MPQ) from English to Korean and evaluate psychometrics of the pain measure for old adults. Method: Four experts rated the relevance of each item to the objective to determine the content validity of the SF-MPQ, Korean version. The convenient sample consisting of 120 Korean with pain was participated to evaluate the reliability and validity of the tool. Result: Content validity was accepted by CVI = 0.80 in nurse specialists and CVI = 0.53 in medical doctors. High alpha coefficient was .86. The correlations between the multidimensional scale and unidimensional scales of the SF-MPQ were r = .76 - .85. The type and degree of the pain brought from various diseases were significantly different, using Kruskal Wallis test(χ2 = 11.32 - 21.50, p = .045 - .001). The scores of the pain between pre and post operation were significantly different (t = .45 - .49, p < .001, z = -3.86, p < .001). The results of determining criterion-related validity of the SF-MPQ on the Numeric Rating Scale indicated that SF-MPQ was strongly correlated with NRS. Conclusion: The SF-MPQ, Korean version was reliable and valid in assessing the various pains that Korean old adults had.

본 연구는 한국 사회에 적용될 수 있는 한국 단축형 사랑중독 척도(Korean-Love addiction Questionnaire-Short Form: K-LAQ-SF)를 타당화하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 Peabody(2005)의 사랑중독 질문지(Love addicts 40 Questions)를 바탕으로 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 최종 5요인, 15문항을 선정한 뒤, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 최종 척도의 모형 적합도를 확인하였다. 동등성 검증 결과는 축약된 척도의 이론적 구조가 남녀별로 동일한 방식으로 작동하고 있음을 나타내었다. K-LAQ-SF와 원척도와의 상관분석 결과는 본 척도에서 타당화된 단축형 척도가 원척도를 비교적 충실히 대표하고 있음을 나타냈다. 마지막으로 관계중독, 사랑유형, 우울 변인과의 상관분석 결과 통해 수렴, 변별 및 준거타당도를 확보하였다. K-LAQ-SF는 안정적인 신뢰도와 타당도를 바탕으로 짧은 시간에 간편하게 한국 성인의 사랑중독 특성을 측정하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study was conducted to validate the Korean Love addiction Questionnaire-Short Form (K-LAQ-SF) applicable to Korean society. As a result of exploratory factor analysis for Love addiction 40 Questions(Peabody, 2005), the final 5 factors and 15 questions appeared, and the model fit of the final scale was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the equivalence test showed that the theoretical structure of the abbreviated scale works in the same way for each gender. The results of correlation analysis between K-LAQ-SF and original scale showed that the abbreviated scale represented the original scale relatively faithfully. Finally, the results of correlation analysis between this scale and relationship addiction, love type and depression showed that convergence, discrimination and criterion validity were secured. K-LAQ-SF is significant in that it can be usefully used to easily measure the characteristics of Korean adults' love addiction in a short time based on stable reliability and validity.

본 연구에서는 한국판 청소년용 부모 양육스트레스 검사(Korean-Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents: K-SIPA)의 표준화 연구 자료(만 11세-19세 자녀를 둔 부모 942명)를 이용하여 단축형을 개발하고 그 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 먼저, 무선추출된 471명의 자료를 이용해 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였고 그 결과에 근거해 단축형의 문항을 선별하였다. 나머지 자료(471부)를 사용하여 확인적 요인분석 및 신뢰도, 타당도 검증을 실시하였다. 신뢰도 검증은 내적일치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도 분석으로 진행하였다. 타당도는 다음의 방법으로 검증하였다. 우선, 공인타당도 검증을 위해 K-SIPA, 양육효능감, SF-36, PHQ-9, GAD-7, K-CBCL 6-18과의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 수렴타당도는 K-SIPA-SF 총점 및 하위척도 점수 간 상관분석을 통해, 변별타당도는 정신과적 진단을 받은 자녀와 정상발달 자녀의 부모 간 양육스트레스 차이 검증을 통해 확인하였다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 3요인의 37문항이 추출되어 각 요인을 ‘자녀-사회적 적응’, ‘부모의 고통’, ‘자녀-정서적 적응’으로 명명하였으며, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 보통 수준의 적합도를 확인하였다. 신뢰도와 타당도를 보기 위한 모든 분석에서 수치가 양호한 수준으로 나타나 K-SIPA-SF가 국내 청소년 자녀를 둔 부모의 양육스트레스를 측정하는 데 신뢰롭고 타당한 도구임을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 함의와 한계점을 논의하였다.

In this study, items for Korean-Stress Index for Parents of Adolescents(K-SIPA) were reduced and psychometric properties were examined. Data used in this study were collected from the K-SIPA standardization study(942 parents with children aged from 11 to 19). Items for K-SIPA short form(K-SIPA-SF) were selected on the basis of the results from the exploratory factor analysis(EFA) conducted in randomly extracted sample(N=471). The remaining half of the data(N=471) were used to perform confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and to test reliability and validity. To verify the reliability, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were examined, while the validity was verified with the following methods. First, the correlation with K-SIPA, Parental Confidence Questionnaire, SF-36, PHQ-9, GAD-7, K-CBCL 6-18 was examined to verify concurrent validity. Convergence validity was verified by correlation among sub-factors and total stress scores of K-SIPA-SF. The difference of parenting stress level was examined between parents of children diagnosed with mental illness and of typically developing children to verify discrimination validity. EFA revealed three distinct factors consisted of 37 items, and each factor was named ‘Social Adaptation of Adolescents,’ ‘Parental Distress,’ and ‘Emotional Adaptation of Adolescents.’ The goodness of fit indices of K-SIPA-SF was shown to be moderate, and all the reliability and validity were secured. The results confirm that K-SIPA-SF could be a reliable and valid tool to measure parenting stress for parents of adolescents in Korea. Further implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

본 연구에서는 Abidin(1995)이 개발한 부모 양육스트레스 검사 축약형(Parenting Stress Index; Short-Form; PSI-SF)의 한국판(Korean Parenting Stress Index Short-Form; K-PSI-SF) 개발을 위해 신뢰도와 타당도를 조사하였다. 3단계에 걸친 작업을 통해 도구가 번역되었으며, 1-12세 정상발달 아동 326명과 서울소재 사설 아동발달임상센터 1곳에 다양한 정서 및 행동장애로 내원한 아동 67명의 부모에게 K-PSI 축약형을 실시하였다. 이들 중 일부에게는 신뢰도를 위하여 재검사가 실시되었고(N=35), 타당도를 위하여 K-CBCL 아동용(N=274)과 BDI(N=191)를 시행하였다. 도구의 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 내적 합치도와 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 산출하였으며, 수렴타당도를 위해 K-PSI축약형 하위 척도 간 상관관계를, 공인타당도를 위해서 K-CBCL및 BDI 총점과의 상관관계를, 그리고 변별타당도 검증을 위해서 정서 및 행동장애 집단과 정상집단 간 K-PSI 축약형 점수의 차이검증을 시행하였다. 또한 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 원 도구의 요인구조와 K-PSI 축약형의 요인구조를 비교하였다. 그 결과 K-PSI 축약형이 부모 양육스트레스를 측정하기에 비교적 신뢰롭고 타당한 도구로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구 결과에 따른 연구적, 임상적 함의와 한계점에 대해서 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study tested the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Parenting Stress Index Short Form(PSI-SF). Parenting stress is considered one of the biggest stresses women face. Following the recommended 3-step translation process, K-PSI was administered to the parents of 326 typically developing children from 1 to 12 years of age. The reliability was tested via internal consistency and test-retest reliability(N=35). Its construct validity was examined by administering the K-CBCL (N=274) and the BDI (N=191) and discriminant validity through K-PSI-SF administration to the parents of children with developmental disabilities(N=67). Results of confirmatory factor analysis yielded acceptable fit indexes, which suggested that the similar factor structures exist in both K-PSI-SF and PSI-SF. Overall, results showed a high internal consistency(.76 to .91), test-retest reliability(.69-.77), construct(.49-.87) and discriminant validity, suggesting valid psychometric properties of the K-PSI-SF. Implications of using the K-PSI-SF both as a clinical tool and a research instrument are discussed.

DSM-5 Section III에서는 성격장애에 대한 차원-범주 혼합모델(Hybrid dimensional-categorical model)을 제안하였다. 이 모델이 성격장애를 평가하는 데 보다 유용하게 이용될 수 있도록 DSM-5 성격질문지(The Personality Inventory for DSM-5, PID-5)가 개발되었지만, 220 문항의 다수 문항으로 인하여 참가자의 피로유발 및 시간적 효율성 문제가 제기될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 성격장애 평가를 간결하게 실시할 수 있는 한국판 DSM-5 성격질문지 단축형(K-PID-5-SF)을 구성하고 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 K-PID-5-SF 는 원형과 동일한 5요인 구조로 나타났다. K-PID-5-SF는 내적합치도가 적절한 수준이었으며, 한국판 PID-5, 성격장애 진단검사, Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) 척도 및 NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI)와 유의한 상관을 보였다. 본 연구는 K-PID-5-SF가 성격장애를 평가하는 데 타당한 도구임을 보여주었으며, DSM-5 Secion III 성격장애 모델의 경험적 연구에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) Section III includes a hybrid dimensional-categorical model of personality disorders. The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed with 220 items to assess the personality traits within this model but has several limitations such as fatigue and difficulty in maintaining attention. The im of this study was to develop and validate the Korean version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form (K-PID- 5-SF). Through confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that K-PID-5-SF had similar factor structures to those of the Korean version of PID-5. The internal consistency of the K-PID-5-SF was adequate. The K-PID-5-SF had significant correlations with the Korean version of PID-5, Korean Personality Disorders Test, the Personality Psychopathology Five, and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. In conclusion, the K-PID-5-SF had adequate reliability and validity for evaluating personality pathology, contributing to a better understanding of an alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders.

Objective: This study aims to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the Short Form Berg Balance Scale (SF-BBS) and the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) among chronic stroke survivors, focusing on their reliability for consistent measurements over time. Design: A cross-sectional study design Methods: Thirty chronic stroke survivors participated in this study, undergoing evaluations with SF-BBS and SF-PASS scales at two different points, separated by a seven-day interval. The analysis focused on test-retest reliability, employing statistical measures such as the Intra-Class Coefficient (ICC_2,1), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and MDC%, the Bland-Altman plot to assess the limits of agreement and the extent of random measurement error. Results: The study found notable test-retest reproducibility for both SF-BBS and SF-PASS, with ICC values demonstrating strong reliability (0.932 to 0.941, with a confidence interval of 0.889 to 0.973). SEM values for SF-BBS and SF-PASS were reported as 1.34 and 0.61, respectively, indicating low measurement error. MDC values of 3.71 for SF-BBS and 1.69 for SF-PASS suggest that the scales have an acceptable level of sensitivity to change, with reliability metrics falling below 20% of the maximum possible score. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both SF-BBS and SF-PASS exhibit high intra-class correlation coefficients, indicating strong test-retest reliability. The SEM and MDC values further support the scales' reproducibility and reliability as tools for evaluating mobility and dynamic balance in chronic stroke survivors. Therefore, these scales are recommended for clinical use in this population, providing reliable measures for assessing progress in rehabilitation.

Purpose: To validate a conceptual short-form health literacy 12 items questionnaire (HL-SF12) in patient populations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via a convenient sample of 403 patients from three departments of a community general hospital in the northern Taiwan. Patients’ health literacy was assessed with a validated HL-SF12, derived from the full scale, the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q), as well as a single-item from Chew’s Set of Brief Health Literacy Question. A reference population in Northern Taiwan (n = 928) via the HLS-EU-Q in 2013e2014 was used as a reference to compare the health literacy between that of the general public and the patients. Data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression models. Results: Patients’ health literacy assessed with the HL-SF12 was shown with high internal consistency (Cronbach a = .87), and moderately correlated with the single-item from Chew's Set of Brief Health Literacy Question, with satisfactory item-scale convergent validity (item-scale correlation> .40), without floor/ceiling effect, and with satisfactory goodness of fit indices of the three-factor construct model for most of the patients. Their health literacy was significantly positively associated with female gender, higher income, and more often watching health-related TV programs. On the other hands, patients were reported with significantly higher healthcare health literacy than the general public, but not in general health literacy, disease prevention health literacy, or health promotion health literacy. Conclusion: The comprehensive HL-SF12 was a valid and easy to use tool for assessing patients’ health literacy in the hospitals to facilitate healthcare providers in enhancing patients’ health literacy and healthcare qualities.

이 연구는 Beard와 Ragheb[9]에 의해 개발되고 국내에서는 이종길[7]이 사용한 여가만족척도의 번안적절성에 그에 따른 타당도를 검증하고 적용성을 검토하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 먼저 여가만족척도의 문항과 각 요인의 조작적 정의를 번안 및 역번안을 수행하고 여가학 전문가들이 내용을 검토하였다. 타당도 검증을 위해 설문조사하여 총 515명(대학생 290명, 일반인 225명)의 자료를 분석에 이용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 14.0과 AMOS 5.0 프로그램을 이용하여 문항분석, 상관분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 다중회귀분석, 그리고 확인적 요인분석을 수행하여 여가만족척도의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 연구결과 기존에 국내에서 사용되던 여가만족척도의 요인의 명칭(심리적, 교육적, 사회적, 신체적, 심미적, 긴장이완)과 문항을 수정하고 조작적 정의를 제시하였다. 또한 자료분석 결과 6개요인, 24개 문항으로 구성된 여가만족척도의 신뢰도와 타당도는 매우 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 여가만족과 삶의 질과의 관계를 분석한 결과 심리적요인과 긴장이완요인에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 재 번역되고 타당도가 검증된 여가만족 척도는 향후 국내연구에서 유용한 도구로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the validity of the Leisure Satisfaction Scale(LSS) and confirm the relations between the LSS and subjective well-being. The LSS developed by Beard and Ragheb[9] has been used for about 20 years without the examination of the validity since it was utilized in Lee[2]'s study in Korea. First, all items of the original LSS and the operational definition of factors were translated and then inversely translated, and reviewed by experts in leisure studies. A total of 515 respondents participated in the study. To achieve the goals of this study, item-total correlation, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted by SPSS 14.0 and AMOS 5.0 programs. Main findings are as follows: First, the factor names(psychological, educational, social, physical, esthetic, and relaxation) and items were modified. Second, modified operational definition of factors were presented. The reliability and validity of the LSS consisted of 24 items and five factors were very high. Psychological and relaxation factors of LSS affected subjective well-being positively. The new LSS would be useful for the future studies associated with leisure satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a short-form measurement scale specifically designed to evaluate the core competencies of nursing care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, with a particular focus on the administration of anticancer agents. Methods: Data were collected from November 6 to November 29, 2023, with a total of 192 oncology nurses participating. Data were collected using an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability and validity with the SPSS/WIN statistic version 25.0 and Amos version 26.0 program. Results: Statistical validation and expert validation were conducted to finalize the three-factor (chemotherapy administration, education and management of chemotherapy-related adverse events, assessment and regimen verification), 23-item instrument. These three factors collectively explained 72.37% of the total variance. On the overall scale,Cronbach's α was .96. Conclusion: The short-form Core Competencies Scale of Nursing Care (CCSC) developed through this study is a measurement tool with proven reliability and validity and can be used for education and evaluation to improve the work of nurses involved in chemotherapy. By focusing on the essential competencies required for chemotherapy administration, the tool offers a practical, efficient, and reliable means of evaluating nursing performance in this critical area.

Purpose: This study sought to develop the Breastfeeding Adaptation Scale-Short Form (BFAS-SF) for use at 4 weeks postpartum, to test its validity and reliability, and to examine its measurement invariance. The latent mean score of the BFAS-SF across multiple groups was also compared. Methods: This methodological research study was conducted to develop a short form of the BFAS and to test its psychometric properties and measurement invariance. Data were collected twice for measurement invariance testing. The sample included 431 and 272 breastfeeding mothers at 2 weeks and 4 weeks postpartum, respectively. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported six dimensions of the BFAS-SF at 4 weeks postpartum. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed evidence for invariance of the BFAS-SF according to employment status, parity, delivery mode, and the postpartum period. There were statistically significant latent mean differences. Mothers who were unemployed and who had a vaginal delivery showed significantly higher scores for breastfeeding confidence, sufficient breast milk, and baby’s satisfaction with breastfeeding. Conclusion: The BFAS-SF is valid, reliable, and an appropriate instrument for assessing mothers’ breastfeeding adaptation. It can be used to compare mean scores according to employment status and delivery mode.

Purpose: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean short form-36 health survey version 2 for assessing the general population and to provide normative data on the general population. Methods: Six hundred members of the general Korean population were recruited using a multistage quota sampling method. Data quality was evaluated in terms of the completeness of the data and the response consistency index. Each psychometric property was evaluated using descriptive statistics, item internal consistency, item discriminant validity, known-group validity, internal consistency reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. Results: The rate of missing data was low, and the rate of consistent responses was similar to conventional criteria. Item internal consistency was acceptable across all scales, whilst item discriminant validity was satisfactory for five of the eight scales. Social functioning was the least acceptable in terms of not only item discriminant validity but also item consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .64). Testretest Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from .54 to .80. In known group comparison, male sex, age <60 years, high educational status, and the absence of any comorbidities were associated with higher scores than their counterparts. Item factor analysis yields the presence of six factors, accounting for 68.8% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings of this study generally support the use of the Korean short form-36 version 2 for evaluating the general population, although caution is recommended when interpreting the vitality, social functioning, and mental health scales. Further research is needed in Korea.

Purpose: To develop and validate the short form of the Korean adaptation of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses. Methods: To shorten the 33-item Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses, an expert panel (N ¼ 6) evaluated its content validity. The revised items were pilot tested using a sample of nine nurses, and clarity was assessed through cognitive interviews with respondents. The original instrument was shortened and validated through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and reliability using data from 277 hospital nurses. The 14-item final version was cross-validated through confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, discriminant validity, known-group comparisons, and reliability using data from 365 nurses belonging to 19 hospitals. Results: A 4-factor, 14-item model demonstrated satisfactory fit with significant factor loadings. The convergent validity between the developed tool and transcultural self-efficacy was significant (r ¼ .55, p < .001). The convergent validity evaluated using the Average Variance Extracted and discriminant validity were acceptable. Known-group comparisons revealed significant differences in the mean scores of the groups who spent more than one month abroad (p ¼ .002) were able to communicate in a foreign language (p < .001) and had education to care for foreign patients (p ¼ .039). Cronbach's a was .89, and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .74 to .91. Conclusion: The Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses-Short Form demonstrated good reliability and validity. It is a short and appropriate instrument for use in clinical and research settings to assess nurses' cultural competence.

Objective To investigate the usefulness of the communication domain in the Korean version of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (K-ASQ), and short form of the Korean version of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (M-B CDI-K), as screening tests for language developmental delay. Methods Data was collected between April 2010 and December 2013, from children who visited either the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation or the Developmental Delay Clinic, presenting with language development delay as their chief complaint. All the children took the short form of M-B CDI-K and K-ASQ as screening tests, and received diagnostic language assessments including Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) or Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES).Results A total of 206 children, mean age 29.7 months, were enrolled. The final diagnoses were developmental language disorder, global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, etc. The M-B CDI-K short form and the communication domain of the K-ASQ had 95.9% and 76.7% sensitivity, and 82.4% and 85.3% specificity, with regards to diagnostic language assessments. The M-B CDI-K short form showed higher negative predictive value and better accuracy than the communication domain of the K-ASQ. Conclusion The screening ability of K-ASQ was not sufficient for children with language development delay, and the M-B CDI-K short form should be implemented for additional screening.

Objective: To investigate the usefulness of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories-Korean (M-B CDI-K) short form as a screening test in children with language developmental delay.Methods: From April 2010 to May 2012, a total of 87 patients visited the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital with the complaint of language developmental delay and were enrolled in this study. All patients took M-B CDI-K short form and Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) or Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) according to their age.Results: The study group consisted of 58 male patients and 29 female patients and the mean age was 25.9 months. The diagnosis are global developmental delay in 26 patients, selective language impairment in 31 patients, articulation disorder in 7 patients, cerebral palsy in 8 patients, autism spectrum disorder in 4 patients, motor developmental delay in 4 patients, and others in 7 patients. Seventy-one patients are diagnosed with language developmental delay in SELSI or PRES and of them showed 69 patients a high risk in the M-B CDI-K short form. Sixteen patients are normal in SELSI or PRES and of them showed 14 patients non-high risk in the M-B CDI-K short form. The M-B CDI-K short form has 97.2% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, a positive predictive value of 0.97, and a negative predictive value of 0.88. Conclusion: The M-B CDI-K short form has a high sensitivity and specificity so it is considered as an useful screening tool in children with language developmental delay. Additional researches targeting normal children will be continued to supply the specificity of the M-B CDI-K short form.

For maintaining adequate psychometric properties when reducing the number of items from an instrument, item level psychometrics is crucial. Strategies such as low item correlation or factor loadings, using classical test theory, have traditionally been advocated. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of a new short form assessing the impact of low back pain on physical activity. Rasch measurement model has been applied to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Activity Measure (ICF-AM). One hundred and one individuals with low back pain aged 19-89 years (mean age: $48.1{\pm}17.3$) who live in the community were participated in the study. Twenty-seven items of lifting/carrying construct of the ICF-AM were analyzed. Ten items were selected from the construct to create a short form. Item elimination criteria include: 1) high or low mean square (out of the range: .6-1.4 for the fit statistics), 2) similar item calibrations to adjacent items, 3) person separation value, and item-person map for potential gap in person ability continuum. All 10 items of the short form fit to the Rasch model except one item (i.e., carrying toddler on back). Despite its high infit and outfit statistics (1.90/2.17), the item had to be reinstated due to potential gaps at the upper extreme of person ability level. The short form had a slightly better spread of person ability continuum compared to the entire set of item. The created short form separated individuals with low back pain into nearly 4 groups, while the entire set of items separated the individuals into 6 groups. The findings prompted multidimensional models for better explanation of the lifting/carrying domain. The item level psychometrics based on the Rasch model can be useful in developing short forms with rationally retained items.