년 - 년
[NRF 연계] 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지: 일반 Vol.1 No.3 1970.06 pp.91-102
...ssively attached to the explict effects of verbal reinforcement that we have failed to take necessary notes of rather inclusive and diffusive functioning of the implicit reinforcement effects, undulated implicitly in terms of the interactions of the explicit reinforcement effects. From this point of view, Sechrest, L. (1963) and Sugimura, T. (1965, 1966) have made a good deal of advances in the studies of the implicit reinforcement effects, but their ends are still far distant and there is margin for improvement in their works and their applicability. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to identify the relative magnitude of explicit and implicit effects of verbal reinforcement and the relative efficacy of two aspects o￡ verbal reinforcement effects in accordance with conditions of competition, namely, competition among individuals in a group and competition between groups, and to ascertain possible effects of conformity as a non-intellectual personality variable influencing on the psychological processes of accepting verbal reinforcement either explicitly or implicitly. The instruments used in this investigation were conformity test revised from Berry, J.W. (1967)， originated by Asch, S.E. (1956), sociometry questionnaire and introspective reports on the feelings of accepting verbal reinforcement. The Ss were 320, 4th grade children, incidentally sampled, of primary school, of both sexes and were assigned to 16 experimental groups constructed under the cross combinations of four experimental variables of effects of reinforcement (explicit and implicit), types of reinforcement (positive and negative), conditions of com petition (within group and between groups), and degree of conforming tendency (high and low) in terms of 24 factorial design. The learning tasks were symbol-digit transformation tasks which were made of programmed nine symbols and nine digits. The Ss were given the learning tasks for seven minutes a day for two successive days. The first trial of learning tasks were administered in an ordinary condition without any verbal instructions or stimuli. The second trial of learning tasks were administered under the competitive situations, with verbal instuctions of performance reinforcers schemed to intermittent reinforcement schedule, suitable to the characteristics of experimental groups respectively. The performance increment on the second day was used as a measure to test the effects of experimental treatments and the group performance scores for each group were statistically analyzed in terms of ANOM(Analysis of Means Techniques), recently adapted by Karas, S.F. (1968) On the basis of the findings and discussion with research precedent, it could be concluded as follows: 1. As verbal reinforcement has both direct or explicit incentive value and implicit incentive value, there are explicit and implicit effects of verbal reinforcement. The explicit effects of verbal reinforcement are of the same magnitude, in a competitive situation. 2. The effects of positive verbal reinforcement are significantly greater than those of negative verbal reinforcement, in both the explicit and implicit effects of verbal reinforcement. 3. There is no significant difference between conditions of competition, competition within group and competition between groups, on the two facets of verbal reinforcement effects. 4. On die basis of the introspective report, a man with a high degree of conforming tendency has a significantly higher expectancy to receive positive reinforcement and needs to avoid negative reinforcement more than a man with a low degree of conforming tendency in his psychological process of accepting verbal reinforcement, either explicitly or implicitly, but we can not find any sign...
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
言語的 强化의 外示的 効果에 관해서는 이미 많은 論難가 거듭되어 왔으나 그것이 暗默裡에 波狀的으로 作用함으로써 이루어지는 默示的 効果의 보다 擴散的인 機能에는 善眼하지 않은 감이 없지 않다. 따라서 本 硏究는 言語的 强化의 外示的 効果와 默示的 効果의 相對的 强度와 競爭場面의 構成要因에 따른 言語的 强化의 効果를 比較 硏究하고 同調性과 같은 人性變因이 言語的 强化의 受容過程 및 그 効果에 미치는 影響을 밝혀 보기 위한 것이다. 本 硏究의 方法은 國民學校 4 學年 男女 320名을 對象으로 4 개의 實驗變因 즉 競爭條件, 强化의 効果, 强化의 性質 및 同調性의 程度에 따른 2<sup>4</sup>要因方案에 依據, 16個의 實驗集團을 構成한 후, 1回에는 별다른 言語的 强化나 剌戟없이 置換作業을 시켰고 2 回에는 各 實驗變因에 合當 充足되는 作業强化가 間歌的으로 提示되는 條件下에서 置渙作業을 시켜 1回와 2回 作業成镇의 差를 平均分析法에 의해 比較分析하였다. 이 상의 과정을 거친 硏究의 結果는 ①競爭場面下에서 言語的 强化의 外示的 効果와 默示的 効果는 强度의 差異가 없으며 ②言語的 强化의 두 効果는 다 같이 正의 强化가 負의 强化보다 더 强하다. ③競爭條件에 따른 言語的 强化의 두 効果는 差異가 없으며 同調性의 程度에 따른 言語的 强化의 効果는 正의 强化나 負의 强化 어느 쪽도 그 差異를 認定할 수 없다는 4개의 結論을 얻었다
There has always been a controversy on the direct or explict effects of verbal reinforcement. Unfortunately we have paid little attention to the vicarious and implict effects of verbal reinforcement. In other words, we have been s:) excessively attached to the explict effects of verbal reinforcement that we have failed to take necessary notes of rather inclusive and diffusive functioning of the implicit reinforcement effects, undulated implicitly in terms of the interactions of the explicit reinforcement effects. From this point of view, Sechrest, L. (1963) and Sugimura, T. (1965, 1966) have made a good deal of advances in the studies of the implicit reinforcement effects, but their ends are still far distant and there is margin for improvement in their works and their applicability. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to identify the relative magnitude of explicit and implicit effects of verbal reinforcement and the relative efficacy of two aspects o￡ verbal reinforcement effects in accordance with conditions of competition, namely, competition among individuals in a group and competition between groups, and to ascertain possible effects of conformity as a non-intellectual personality variable influencing on the psychological processes of accepting verbal reinforcement either explicitly or implicitly. The instruments used in this investigation were conformity test revised from Berry, J.W. (1967)， originated by Asch, S.E. (1956), sociometry questionnaire and introspective reports on the feelings of accepting verbal reinforcement. The Ss were 320, 4th grade children, incidentally sampled, of primary school, of both sexes and were assigned to 16 experimental groups constructed under the cross combinations of four experimental variables of effects of reinforcement (explicit and implicit), types of reinforcement (positive and negative), conditions of com petition (within group and between groups), and degree of conforming tendency (high and low) in terms of 24 factorial design. The learning tasks were symbol-digit transformation tasks which were made of programmed nine symbols and nine digits. The Ss were given the learning tasks for seven minutes a day for two successive days. The first trial of learning tasks were administered in an ordinary condition without any verbal instructions or stimuli. The second trial of learning tasks were administered under the competitive situations, with verbal instuctions of performance reinforcers schemed to intermittent reinforcement schedule, suitable to the characteristics of experimental groups respectively. The performance increment on the second day was used as a measure to test the effects of experimental treatments and the group performance scores for each group were statistically analyzed in terms of ANOM(Analysis of Means Techniques), recently adapted by Karas, S.F. (1968) On the basis of the findings and discussion with research precedent, it could be concluded as follows: 1. As verbal reinforcement has both direct or explicit incentive value and implicit incentive value, there are explicit and implicit effects of verbal reinforcement. The explicit effects of verbal reinforcement are of the same magnitude, in a competitive situation. 2. The effects of positive verbal reinforcement are significantly greater than those of negative verbal reinforcement, in both the explicit and implicit effects of verbal reinforcement. 3. There is no significant difference between conditions of competition, competition within group and competition between groups, on the two facets of verbal reinforcement effects. 4. On die basis of the introspective report, a man with a high degree of conforming tendency has a significantly higher expectancy to receive positive reinforcement and needs to avoid negative reinforcement more than a man with a low degree of conforming tendency in his psychological process of accepting verbal reinforcement, either explicitly or implicitly, but we can not find any sign...
[NRF 연계] 한국간호과학회 Asian Nursing Research Vol.12 No.2 2018.06 p.155
...com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). The Editor-in-Chief and ANR editorial board have decided to retract this article because the scientific integrity of the content cannot be guaranteed. The article shows evidence of redundant publication and falsification of instruments. This article was a duplicate of a paper that had already been published in Journal of the Korean Data & Information Science Society Vol 29, No. 3, May 2017 (doi 10.7465/jkdi.2017.28.3.585). The identical data collection period, study sample, variables, and instruments between these two papers show strong evidence of plagiarism. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. This article is published based on a master's thesis (Kim YE. The effects of the transformational leadership of managers perceived by public health nurses and their social capital on empowerment [master's thesis]. Dague (Korea): Kyungpook National University, 2016. p. 1-57.) and the author of this dissertation is deleted. Inappropriate use of master's thesis without appropriate disclosure and/or citation was made. The instruments [Multifactor leadership questionnaire (Kim DW. The relationship between transformational leadership and quality of nurses' care Service with nurses' organization citizenship behavior as a moderator. Health Soc Welf Rev. 2011; 31(2):206e36. Korean), social capital (Han JW, Woo HY, Ju ES, Lim SH, Han SS. Effects of nurses' social capital on turnover intention: focused on the mediating effects organizational commitment and organizational cynicism. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013; 43(4):517e25. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.517. Korean), and Organizational empowerment (Oh EH, Chung BY. The effect of empowerment on nursing performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention in hospital nurses. J Korean Acad Nurs Admin. 2011; 17(4):391-401. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2011.17.4.391. Korean.)] used in this article were manipulated. The author admitted scientific misconduct and breach of publication ethics. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). The Editor-in-Chief and ANR editorial board have decided to retract this article because the scientific integrity of the content cannot be guaranteed. The article shows evidence of redundant publication and falsification of instruments. This article was a duplicate of a paper that had already been published in Journal of the Korean Data & Information Science Society Vol 29, No. 3, May 2017 (doi 10.7465/jkdi.2017.28.3.585). The identical data collection period, study sample, variables, and instruments between these two papers show strong evidence of plagiarism. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. This article is published based on a master's thesis (Kim YE. The effects of the transformational leadership of managers perceived by public health nurses and their social capital on empowerment [master's thesis]. Dague (Korea): Kyungpook National University, 2016. p. 1-57.) and the author of this dissertation is deleted. Inappropriate use of master's thesis without appropriate disclosure and/or citation was made. The instruments [Multifactor leadership questionnaire (Kim DW. The relationship between transformational leadership and quality of nurses' care Service with nurses' organization citizenship behavior as a moderator. Health Soc Welf Rev. 2011; 31(2):206e36. Korean), social capital (Han JW, Woo HY, Ju ES, Lim SH, Han SS. Effects of nurses' social capital on turnover intention: focused on the mediating effects organizational commitment and organizational cynicism. J Korean Acad Nurs. 2013; 43(4):517e25. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.517. Korean), and Organizational empowerment (Oh EH, Chung BY. The effect of empowerment on nursing performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention in hospital nurses. J Korean Acad Nurs Admin. 2011; 17(4):391-401. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2011.17.4.391. Korean.)] used in this article were manipulated. The author admitted scientific misconduct and breach of publication ethics. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
지역사회 노인 인지교육 프로그램의 효과 및 방향성 KCI 등재
한국브랜드디자인학회 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.22 No.4 통권 제72호 2024.12 pp.287-306
...SS 를 활용하여 집단별 참여자의 일반적 특성과및 특이사항을 비교하고, 평균 및 표준편차를 산출하였다. 프로그램 전후 조사 결과, 실험집단 1은 통제집단에 비해 프로그램 만족도, 전후 이해 활용도, 생활 적용 가능성에서 유의미한 차이를 보였 다. 실험집단 2는 통제집단 대비 프로그램 만족도, 이해 활용도, 생활 적용 가능성에서 더 많은 항목에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 즉, 인지교육 프로그램이 지역사회 노인의 인지기능 개선, 정서적 안정 촉진, 생활습관 변화, 사회적 상호작용 증 진에 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하 여 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 한 인지교육 프로그램 개발 및 다양한 지역사회의 미술치유 교육 현장에서 활용될 수 있는 구체적인 가이드라인 제공에 기여할 것이다. 이에 향후 연구 에서는 참여자의 인지적 특성을 심층적으로 고려한 맞춤형 인지기능 프로그램 개발 및 이를 실질적으로 평가하고 활용 할 수 있는 체계적인 연구가 요구된다.
※ 원문제공기관과의 협약기간이 종료되어 열람이 제한될 수 있습니다.
본 연구는 서울시 S구 지역사회의 노인을 대상으로 한 인 지교육 프로그램을 통하여 인지기능 향상에 미치는 효과를 파악하고 프로그램 개발에 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 시도 되었다. 연구대상은 통제집단(N=44), 실험집단 1(N=31, 일반 노인), 실험집단 2(N=24, 주관적 인지저하 호소 노인)으로 20 23년 1월부터 6월까지 총 20회기 동안 교재 및 도안지를 활용 하여 인지교육 프로그램을 시행하였다. 인지기능의 변화 정 도를 수치화하기 위해 조사지를 통한 응답을 받아 분석했으며, 인지적 효과, 발전 방향, 프로그램 종료 후 지속 가능성 및 생활 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 본 결과 도출을 위해 SPSS 를 활용하여 집단별 참여자의 일반적 특성과및 특이사항을 비교하고, 평균 및 표준편차를 산출하였다. 프로그램 전후 조사 결과, 실험집단 1은 통제집단에 비해 프로그램 만족도, 전후 이해 활용도, 생활 적용 가능성에서 유의미한 차이를 보였 다. 실험집단 2는 통제집단 대비 프로그램 만족도, 이해 활용도, 생활 적용 가능성에서 더 많은 항목에 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 즉, 인지교육 프로그램이 지역사회 노인의 인지기능 개선, 정서적 안정 촉진, 생활습관 변화, 사회적 상호작용 증 진에 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하 여 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 한 인지교육 프로그램 개발 및 다양한 지역사회의 미술치유 교육 현장에서 활용될 수 있는 구체적인 가이드라인 제공에 기여할 것이다. 이에 향후 연구 에서는 참여자의 인지적 특성을 심층적으로 고려한 맞춤형 인지기능 프로그램 개발 및 이를 실질적으로 평가하고 활용 할 수 있는 체계적인 연구가 요구된다.
This study examined the effects of a cognitive educatio n program on cognitive function in elderly individuals in Seoul’s S-gu community. The study included a control gr oup (N=44), experimental group 1 (N=31, general elderly), and experimental group 2 (N=24, elderly with subjective cognitive decline). The program, conducted over 20 sessi ons from January to June 2023, utilized workbooks and design sheets. Questionnaire responses were analyzed to measure cognitive changes, including cognitive effects, development, sustainability, and daily life applicability. SP SS was used for analysis, comparing participant characteristics and calculating means and standard deviations. Results showed that experimental group 1 had significant differences from the control group in program satisfaction, understanding, and daily life applicability. Experimental group 2 showed significant differences in more areas, indicating a stronger impact. These findings suggest the prog ram supports cognitive improvement, emotional stability, habit changes, and social interaction. This study contributes to the development of cognitive education programs for elderly communities and provides guidelines for com munity-based art therapy. Future research should focus on customized cognitive programs and systematic evaluations for practical application.
경사형 내부연결 임플란트 시스템 (SS $III^{(R)}$)에서 지대주 형태에 따른 응력분포의 3차원 유한요소 분석
[Kisti 연계] 대한치과보철학회 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.48 No.3 2010 pp.181-188
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
연구 목적: 내부연결형 임플란트 고정체에 연결 방식이 다른 4종류의 지대주를 연결하여 교합력을 가하였을 때 각 구조에 발생하는 응력의 차이를 비교하고, 이들 연결방식이 임플란트 주위조직의 응력분포에 미치는 영향을 3차원 유한요소법을 통하여 알아보고, 지대주의 선택 기준을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 고정체로는 직경 4 mm, 길이 11.5 mm의 SS-$III^{(R)}$ (Osstem, Korea)를 사용하였으며, 사용된 지대주는 각각, 모델 1에서 Solid abutment, 모델 2에서 Com-Octa abutment, 모델 3에서 ComOcta Gold abutment, 모델 4에서 Octa abutment를 사용하였고, 네 가지 하중조건으로 치관중심와 (central fossa)에 fixture 장축에 평행하게 점하중으로100N의 수직하중, 협측교두에 대하여 fixture 장축에 평행하게 점하중으로 100N 수직하중, 치관중심와에서 설측으로 100N의 $30^{\circ}$ 경사하중, 협측교두 (buccal cusp)에 치아의 바깥쪽에서 내측으로 100N의 $30^{\circ}$ 경사하중을 주었고 3G.Author (Plasso Tech, USA)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 1. 골조직에서는 모든 모델에서 하중조건에 관계없이 가장 큰 응력이 고정체 상부에 집중되었고, 고정체 하부에서는 근단 부위에서 응력 집중을 보였으며, 그 외의 부위에서는 큰 응력 집중은 보이지 않았다. 2. 고정체에서의 응력은 모든 모델에서 하중조건에 관계없이 neck 부위에서 최대의 양상을 보였다. 3. 응력은 골에서보다 임플란트 내부에서 훨씬 높았다. 4. 중심와에 수직하중인 하중조건 1에서 가장 낮은 응력이 관찰되었으며, 이 때의 응력집중 현상도 가장 적게 나타났다. 서로 다른 지대주에서 응력분포 양상을 살펴본 결과, 같은 고정체를 사용한 경우에 지대주의 연결 형태에 따른 골조직에서의 응력 분포의 차이는 없었다.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution characteristics of four different abutment connections on SS-$III^{(R)}$ fixture under occlusal loading, using 3-dimensional finite element method. Materials and methods: The fixture of SS-$III^{(R)}$ (Osstem, Korea) with 4 mm diameter and 11.5 mm length and 4 types of abutments were analyzed; Solid, Com-Octa, ComOcta Gold, and Octa abutment. The models were placed in the area of first molar in the mandible. The 4 loading conditions were; (1) the vertical loading of 100 N on the central fossa, (2) the vertical loading of 100 N on the buccal cusp, (3) the $30^{\circ}$ inclined loading of 100 N to lingual side on the central fossa, and (4) the $30^{\circ}$ inclined loading of 100 N to the lingual side on the buccal cusp. The 3G.Author program was used, the von-Mises stress was calculated and the stress contours were plotted on each part of the implant systems and the surrounding bone structures. Results: Regardless of abutment types and loading conditions, higher stress concentration was observed at the cortical bone. In cancellous bone, the highest stress was observed at apical portion and the maximum stress occurred at the implant neck. The higher internal stress was observed in the fixtures than in the bone. The lowest stress was observed at loading condition 1 and the stress concentration was also lower than any other loading conditions. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the result of this study, it seems that the abutment connection type does not affect much on the stress distribution of bone structure.
공기업과 준정부기관 종사자들의 공공봉사동기(PSM)와 직무동기요인이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구: 기관유형에 따른 조절효과와 공정성인식의 매개효과 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국행정학회 한국행정학보 Vol.51 No.2 2017.06 pp.349-388
...COM), 자기희생(SS))을 중심으로 하여, 내재적 동기요인(성취감(ISM), 업무자체의 즐거 움(IPM))과 외재적 동기요인(보수의 가치인식(EM), 인정에 대한 기대(ESM))이 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 공공정책호감도(APM), 보수의 가치인식(EM), 인정에 대한 기대(ESM)가 공정성인식(PF)을 매개로 하여 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 완전매개모형을 설정하여 분석하였다. 공공기관 종사자 900명(공기업 종사자 349명, 준정부기관 종사자 551명)을 설문으로 조사한 데이터를 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 공정성인식(PF)의 매개효과와 기관유형에 따른 조절효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 공기업과 준정부기관 모두에서 공통적으로 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인(CPI, ISM, IPM, APM via PF)이 있는 반면, 각 집단 내에서만 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인(공기업: ESM, EM via PF, 준정부기관: COM, SS)이 있었다. 연구결과는 기관의 성격에 따른 인사관리가 필요함을 제시한다.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
이 연구는 기관유형이 반영하는 기관의 성격(예: 공공성)에 따라 동기요인이 조직유효성에 미치는 영향이 차별 적으로 나타나는 지를 실증적으로 분석한 연구이다. 이를 공공봉사동기의 하위차원(공공정책호감도(APM), 공익몰입(CPI), 동정(COM), 자기희생(SS))을 중심으로 하여, 내재적 동기요인(성취감(ISM), 업무자체의 즐거 움(IPM))과 외재적 동기요인(보수의 가치인식(EM), 인정에 대한 기대(ESM))이 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 공공정책호감도(APM), 보수의 가치인식(EM), 인정에 대한 기대(ESM)가 공정성인식(PF)을 매개로 하여 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 완전매개모형을 설정하여 분석하였다. 공공기관 종사자 900명(공기업 종사자 349명, 준정부기관 종사자 551명)을 설문으로 조사한 데이터를 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 공정성인식(PF)의 매개효과와 기관유형에 따른 조절효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 공기업과 준정부기관 모두에서 공통적으로 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인(CPI, ISM, IPM, APM via PF)이 있는 반면, 각 집단 내에서만 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인(공기업: ESM, EM via PF, 준정부기관: COM, SS)이 있었다. 연구결과는 기관의 성격에 따른 인사관리가 필요함을 제시한다.
This study is an empirical analysis of whether the motivational factors of employees can be affected by the institutional characteristics (e.g., publicness) reflected within the public sector. This study analyzed the effects of public service motivation, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation on job satisfaction(JS), comparing state-owned enterprises and quasi-governmental organizations in Korea. It focused on the impacts of Perry’s (1996) subdimensions of public service motivation: attraction to policymaking(APM), commitment to policymaking(CPI), compassion(COM), self-sacrifice(SS). The effects of APM, instrumental motivation(EM), and external self-concept motivation(ESM) on JS were analyzed by establishing a full mediation model mediated through perceptions of effort-reward fairness(PF). Data collected from 900 public employees?349 working for state-owned enterprises(SOEs) and 551 working for quasi-governmental organizations (QGOs)?were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The analysis confirmed the mediating effect of PF and the moderating effect between SOEs and QGOs. This study found that APM has a significant impact on JS through PF. This study also found that the CPI of employees in SOEs(=.334)and the CPI, COM and SS of employees in QGOs have significant effects on JS(=-.256, =.354, =.175).The results suggest that there is a need to apply differentiated personnel management considering the nature of the organization.
공공봉사동기(PSM)와 공공성이 국민과 정부에 대한 반응성에 미치는 영향: 공공기관 종사자들의 인식을 중심으로
[NRF 연계] 한국인사행정학회 한국인사행정학회보 Vol.13 No.3 2014.12 pp.355-383
...ss)의 대상을 공공기관의 주요이해관계자인 국민과 정부로 보고, 공공봉사동기(PSM)와 공공성이 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 공공기관 중 기타공공기관을 제외한 공기업과 준정부기관의 종사자들을 중심으로 수집한 데이터(n=815)를 분석하여 연구결과를 도출하였다. 분석결과, 공익몰입(CPI)과 자기희생(SS), 기관장평가결과가 공공성에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 공익몰입(CPI)과 동정(COM), 지배구조가 국민에 대한 반응성과 정부에 대한 반응성 모두에, 서비스 유형과 경영평가결과는 국민에 대한 반응성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 공공기관 종사자들도 공익에 헌신하고자 하며, 공공기관의 공공성에 따라 적합한 관리와 평가가 이루어져야 할 것임을 보여주는 연구라 하겠다. 또한 공공봉사동기(PSM)와 공공영역 내의 공공조직이 갖는 공공성이 조직행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 그다지 많지 않다는 점에서 의미가 있다하겠다.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
이 연구는 공공기관의 반응성(responsiveness)의 대상을 공공기관의 주요이해관계자인 국민과 정부로 보고, 공공봉사동기(PSM)와 공공성이 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 공공기관 중 기타공공기관을 제외한 공기업과 준정부기관의 종사자들을 중심으로 수집한 데이터(n=815)를 분석하여 연구결과를 도출하였다. 분석결과, 공익몰입(CPI)과 자기희생(SS), 기관장평가결과가 공공성에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 공익몰입(CPI)과 동정(COM), 지배구조가 국민에 대한 반응성과 정부에 대한 반응성 모두에, 서비스 유형과 경영평가결과는 국민에 대한 반응성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 공공기관 종사자들도 공익에 헌신하고자 하며, 공공기관의 공공성에 따라 적합한 관리와 평가가 이루어져야 할 것임을 보여주는 연구라 하겠다. 또한 공공봉사동기(PSM)와 공공영역 내의 공공조직이 갖는 공공성이 조직행태에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 그다지 많지 않다는 점에서 의미가 있다하겠다.
Quango has a crucial role on public service delivery. Unfortunately, most of studies on public service motivation(PSM) have focused on civil servants. Public corporations’ employees should response to needs from citizens including clients as principle and from the government as the delegator within the context of double agent structures. This study verified hypothesis that PSM and publicness affect responsiveness. The theoretical model were tested with survey data collected from 815 employees working for quango in Korea. The findings indicated that CPI(commitment to public interest), SS(self-sacrifice) as sub dimensions of PSM and governance structure as one of indicators to measure publicness have a significant effect on responsiveness to both of citizens and the government. Types of public services and the grade of the public corporation assessment have an effect on responsiveness to citizens significantly. Grounded on these research findings, employees who are working for quango in Korea would be willing to provide the public service with motives to commit the public interest. The author call for research on public service motivation as well as dimension of publicness within public sector.
윤리의식과 조직시민행동 간 공직동기의 매개효과에 대한 실증분석: 부산 소재 구청의 지방공무원을 대상으로
[NRF 연계] 한국지방정부학회 지방정부연구 Vol.23 No.1 2019.05 pp.185-208
...COM, SS. Ethical sense influenced significantly organizational citizenship behavior. Public Service Motivation as well as its four construct-dimensions made roles of significant mediation between ethical sense and organizational citizenship behavior. Public Service Motivation can be used as alternative of policy to ethical sense in case of the failures in its elevation through ethical education, penalty for unethical behavior, and reward for ethical behavior.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
인구특성인 성별, 연령, 직급, 근속년수를 통제변수로 하여 회귀분석을 한 결과 윤리의식은 공직동기에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 윤리의식은 조직시민행동에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 공직동기는 조직시민행동에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 회귀분석을 기초로 하여 실시된 3단계 매개회귀분석을 통해서 공직동기와 구성차원들이 매개변수로서 부분매개 역할을 하는 것이 입증되었으며 Sobel 검정을 한 결과 공직동기가 갖는 매개효과의 유의성이 확인되었다. 조직시민행동에 대한 관계에서 공직동기는 윤리의식과는 영향력을 부분적으로 공유하는 불가분의 매개적 관련성을 갖고 있다. 그러므로 조직시민행동을 높여 조직효과성을 확보하려는 전략에서 공직동기는 윤리의식을 대신하는 보완적 대안 정책수단으로 사용할 수가 있다.
This study was performed to investigate the mediation effect of Public Service Motivation(PSM) between ethical sense and organizational citizenship behavior. Ethical sense made a significant effect on Public Service Motivation as well as APM, CPI, COM, SS. Ethical sense influenced significantly organizational citizenship behavior. Public Service Motivation as well as its four construct-dimensions made roles of significant mediation between ethical sense and organizational citizenship behavior. Public Service Motivation can be used as alternative of policy to ethical sense in case of the failures in its elevation through ethical education, penalty for unethical behavior, and reward for ethical behavior.
시민참여에 대한 공무원의 인식과 태도가 공직봉사동기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
[NRF 연계] 성균관대학교 국정전문대학원 국정관리연구 Vol.8 No.2 2013.12 pp.27-53
...COM, and SS) of public service motivation(PSM) in the Korean public sector, as identified in the relevant literature: public employees’ awareness and attitudes toward citizen’s participation. Drawing on PSM and self determination theories(SDT), as well as employing a systematic conceptual and empirical model, this research analyzes three dimensions of PSM among Korean public employees to identify important antecedents and mediating conditions(awareness factors and attitude factors) of PSM. To develop an “antecedent-mediator-outcome” model, a questionnaire survey titled “Government Officials’ Accountability and Trust Survey” was used to gather data from government employees who received training at the Central Officials Training Institute(COTI) from October to November in 2011, and related data were also collected. The research finds that certain predictors and mediators play major roles in meaningfully boosting the levels of PSM. Based on a discussion of the main findings, research and practical implications for public management theory and practice are provided.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 연구는 중앙공무원들을 대상으로 시민의 행정참여에 대한 효과성 인식과 시민참여에 대한 태도, 그리고 공직봉사동기 간의 인과관계를 분석하였다. 시민이 행정과정에 참여하는 것이 효과적이라고 생각하는지에 대한 인식(긍정적 인식, 부정적 인식)이 시민참여에 대한 태도(적극적 시민참여, 제한적 시민참여)를 매개로하여 공직봉사동기를 향상시킬 수 있는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 따라서 변수 간의 관계를 검증하기 위하여 구조방정식을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 첫째, 시민참여에 대한 효과성을 긍정적으로 인식하는 것은 적극적 시민참여와 제한적 시민참여 모두에 영향을 미치나, 적극적 시민참여에 훨씬 더 크게 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 본 연구에서는 적극적 시민참여와 제한적 시민참여 중 적극적 시민참여만 공직봉사동기(공익몰입, 동정심, 자기희생)에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, Sobel-Test를 통해 매개효과를 분석한 결과, 시민참여 효과에 대한 긍정적 인식과 공직봉사동기 사이에서 적극적 시민참여가 매개의 역할을 한다는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. 이외에도 직접효과 및 간접효과를 분석한 결과 시민참여에 대한 태도는 시민참여의 효과성 인식과 공직봉사동기 사이에서 직･간접적인 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 끝으로, 본 연구는 이러한 양적 분석 결과들을 바탕으로 인적자원관리 및 조직 관리, 그리고 시민참여의 시각에서 함의를 제시하고자 하였다.
The purpose of this study is to probe the main determinants of three dimensions(i.e., CPI, COM, and SS) of public service motivation(PSM) in the Korean public sector, as identified in the relevant literature: public employees’ awareness and attitudes toward citizen’s participation. Drawing on PSM and self determination theories(SDT), as well as employing a systematic conceptual and empirical model, this research analyzes three dimensions of PSM among Korean public employees to identify important antecedents and mediating conditions(awareness factors and attitude factors) of PSM. To develop an “antecedent-mediator-outcome” model, a questionnaire survey titled “Government Officials’ Accountability and Trust Survey” was used to gather data from government employees who received training at the Central Officials Training Institute(COTI) from October to November in 2011, and related data were also collected. The research finds that certain predictors and mediators play major roles in meaningfully boosting the levels of PSM. Based on a discussion of the main findings, research and practical implications for public management theory and practice are provided.
온라인 게임 캐릭터 복식 색채와 패션 트렌드 색채의 비교 분석
[Kisti 연계] 복식문화학회 복식문화학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.18 No.3 2010 pp.436-451
...come up with ways that cooperate between on-line game design and fashion design by analyzing trend color and on-line game character's costume color in on-line game. As for the research methodology, First, on-line games were selected with reference to www.ranky.com. Second, 2009 SS trend color palettes suggested by Copenhagen International Fashion Fair was used as a criterion of fashion trend. Third, on-line game character's costume colors were analyzed in relation to the degree of reflection of trend and the game character's type. The results are as follows. Each on-line game character costume's colors were made in accordance with typical character types. But we can find a one-to-one correspondence between fashion trend colors and game character costume's colors. That's because both trends and character types are the results of the continuing interactions between human-beings and societies. In comparison with fashion trend colors, game character costume colors are partly raw and inharmonious. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fashion trend color in game character costume design for enhancing competitiveness in the world market.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
The purpose of this study is to come up with ways that cooperate between on-line game design and fashion design by analyzing trend color and on-line game character's costume color in on-line game. As for the research methodology, First, on-line games were selected with reference to www.ranky.com. Second, 2009 SS trend color palettes suggested by Copenhagen International Fashion Fair was used as a criterion of fashion trend. Third, on-line game character's costume colors were analyzed in relation to the degree of reflection of trend and the game character's type. The results are as follows. Each on-line game character costume's colors were made in accordance with typical character types. But we can find a one-to-one correspondence between fashion trend colors and game character costume's colors. That's because both trends and character types are the results of the continuing interactions between human-beings and societies. In comparison with fashion trend colors, game character costume colors are partly raw and inharmonious. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fashion trend color in game character costume design for enhancing competitiveness in the world market.
기초지방정부 공직자의 윤리의식과 조직효과성에서 공직동기의 역할 탐색
[NRF 연계] 한국지방정부학회 지방정부연구 Vol.21 No.4 2018.02 pp.31-55
...ss, and verify the intervening role of PSM between the ethical sense and the organizational effectiveness. Based on the relations of three variables, PSM played the intervening role including its constructs-attraction to public policy making(APM), commitment to public interest(CPI), compassion(COM), and self-sacrifice(SS) between ethical sense and organizational commitment. The results are the useful information to the managerial executive for the setup of management strategy of the basic local government.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 연구의 목적은 기초 지방정부인 구청의 공직자를 대상으로 윤리의식, 공직동기, 조직효과성의 인과적 상호 관련성을 도출하고 이러한 상호 관련성에 기초하여 공직동기의 윤리의식과 조직효과성 사이의 매개역할을 확인하는것이다. 인과적 상호 관련성 연구에서 윤리의식은 공직동기에 영향을 미치고 공직동기는 조직효과성의 측정지표인직무만족과 조직몰입에 영향을 미쳤으나 윤리의식은 직무만족에는 영향을 미치지 못하고 조직몰입에만 영향을 미쳤다. 공직동기의 매개역할 연구에서 공직동기와 구성차원들인 공공정책호감도, 공익몰입, 동정심, 희생정신은 윤리의식과 조직몰입 사이에 매개역할을 하지만 윤리의식과 직무만족 사이에는 매개역할을 하지 못하였다. 연구의 결과들은 구청의 조직을 효과적으로 운영 관리하고자 하는 조직 관리자에게 윤리의식과 공직동기는 불가분의 매개적관계이므로 병행 관리전략을 수립하도록 정보를 제공하는 의의를 부여할 수가 있다.
This study was performed to investigate the relations of ethical sense, public service motivation(PSM), organizational effectiveness, and verify the intervening role of PSM between the ethical sense and the organizational effectiveness. Based on the relations of three variables, PSM played the intervening role including its constructs-attraction to public policy making(APM), commitment to public interest(CPI), compassion(COM), and self-sacrifice(SS) between ethical sense and organizational commitment. The results are the useful information to the managerial executive for the setup of management strategy of the basic local government.
경찰공무원의 일과 삶의 균형과 공공봉사동기간 영향관계에 대한 인식 연구
[NRF 연계] 경찰대학 치안정책연구소 치안정책연구 Vol.30 No.1 2016.05 pp.67-104
...comes from motivations, which are distinctive from other organizations. That is, organization culture and environment are important for the police for their work. Many studied have focused on Public Service Motivation(PSM) to explain public organizations since it is a peculiar motivation that appears in public organizations. And, it is considered that work-life balance could have impact on the PSM. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect Public Service Motivation(PSM) in police organization. Especially, this study puts emphasis on organizational culture and workplace environment. That is, this study investigate the effect on police perception of work-life balance on Public Service Motivation. For Dependent variables, PSM scales developed by Perry(1996) and revised by Lee(2005) were used. The sub dimensions are composed of ‘attraction to the policy making (APM)’, ‘compassion (COM)’ and ‘self-sacrifice (SS)’ and job motivation such as accomplishment, work itself, pay, recognition on job satisfaction. For Independent Variables, work-life balance scales developed by Kim and Park (2008) are used. That consists of work-family balance, work- leisure, and work-development. On the basis of analyzing questionaries to 250 police officers in Gwang-Ju. As the result, the hypotheses are partially accepted. Police officers who are more likely to keep balance on work and life, they have positively affected. Especially, work-development balance is more important to increase PSM in police organization. This study implicates that it is important to balance between work and life in police. Finally, study limitation and future researches are suggested.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
업무의 특수성이나 위험성 등에도 불구하고 경찰공무원으로서 공정하고 친절한 치안서비스를 제공하는 원인은 민간조직 구성원과는 다른 동기요인에서 비롯된 것이라 보고 있다. 국내ㆍ외 연구에서도공공조직 구성원으로서 공공서비스를 제공하기 위한 동기요인을 공공봉사동기로 보고 많은 연구가 진행되어왔다. 특히, 경찰공무원의 공공봉사동기에 미치는 영향요인을 파악함에 있어 조직문화나 업무환경적 측면이 고려되었다는 점을 착안하였다. 이에 이 연구에서는 경찰의 근무환경을 개선하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 일과 삶의 균형을 강조한다는 점을 토대로 일과 삶의 균형과 공공봉사동기간 영향관계를 검증하였다. 연구는 2013년 광주광역시 지역의 경찰공무원을 대상으로 무작위로 추출된 300명 중 250명에 대해 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 공공봉사동기 내 하위요인 중 일부에 대해 일 가정 균형, 일 성장 균형이 영향관계에 있었는데, 특히 일 성장 균형이 더 영향력이 높았다. 이는 그간 일과 삶의 균형을 위한 제도적 노력에서 일과 성장 균형이 반영된 정책이 다소 미미했다는 점에서, 이 연구 결과를 통해 일과 성장간 균형의 중요성을 강조하고 관련 시사점을 도출하였다.
The role of police is required to serve the public fairly and friendly even though they have been exposed to various distinct and dangerous situations. The reason for providing a good security service to the public comes from motivations, which are distinctive from other organizations. That is, organization culture and environment are important for the police for their work. Many studied have focused on Public Service Motivation(PSM) to explain public organizations since it is a peculiar motivation that appears in public organizations. And, it is considered that work-life balance could have impact on the PSM. The purpose of this study is to examine factors that affect Public Service Motivation(PSM) in police organization. Especially, this study puts emphasis on organizational culture and workplace environment. That is, this study investigate the effect on police perception of work-life balance on Public Service Motivation. For Dependent variables, PSM scales developed by Perry(1996) and revised by Lee(2005) were used. The sub dimensions are composed of ‘attraction to the policy making (APM)’, ‘compassion (COM)’ and ‘self-sacrifice (SS)’ and job motivation such as accomplishment, work itself, pay, recognition on job satisfaction. For Independent Variables, work-life balance scales developed by Kim and Park (2008) are used. That consists of work-family balance, work- leisure, and work-development. On the basis of analyzing questionaries to 250 police officers in Gwang-Ju. As the result, the hypotheses are partially accepted. Police officers who are more likely to keep balance on work and life, they have positively affected. Especially, work-development balance is more important to increase PSM in police organization. This study implicates that it is important to balance between work and life in police. Finally, study limitation and future researches are suggested.
돈분발효 퇴액비 시용과 첨가적인 질소비료 시용이 옥수수의 생산성과 질소 및 인의 용탈에 미치는 영향
[Kisti 연계] 한국초지조사료학회 Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science Vol.30 No.1 2010 pp.15-24
...com cultivation soil. The experiment was conformed in lysimeter which was constructed with 30 cm diameter, and 100 cm height. Swine manures used in this study were the compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and soft rice hulls treated with high temperature and high pressure (SRH), and swine slurry (SS). The application rates of the additional N, as urea, with swine manure were 50 and 100 kgN/ha on each plot. This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replication. DM yields in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N (zero-mineral N) (P<0.05) and increased as the rate of mineral N application increased (P<0.05). DM yields in SMFWS and SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha showed trends similar to those of chemical fertilizer (control) but higher than those of 50 kg N/ha. DM yields tended to be higher in SMFWS and SS treatments than in SRH treatment. Total N contents in SMFWS, SRH and SS treatments with mineral N were increased, compared with SM treatment without mineral N. N contents in SM treatments with mineral N were lower than those of chemical fertilizer treatment, but N content of chemical fertilizer treatment showed trends similar to that of SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha. $NO_3$-N concentration in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly, compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N and in chemical fertilizer (P<0.05). $NH_4$-N concentrations in SMFWS and SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha showed trends similar to those of chemical fertilizer, but higher than those of 50 kg N/ha. $PO_4$-P concentration in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly, compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N (P<0.05). $PO_4$-P concentration in chemical fertilizer treatment showed trends similar to that of SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha. The concentrations of $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P increased as the rate of mineral N application increased (P<0.05). The concentrations of $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P were highly elevated in the concentrated rainy season in the early stage among experimental period. The maximum $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P concentrations in the leaching water were 3.46 mg/L, 1.11 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 연구는 돈분의 발효 형태에 따른 추가적인 화학비료가 옥수수의 생산성과 이에 의한 환경오염에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구로서 lysimeter에서 옥수수에 대한 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분 단독시용 및 추가적인 요소의 시용수준에 따라 $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N 및 $PO_4$-P 용탈에 의한 환경오염에 미치는 영향을 정확히 규명하여 가축분뇨의 자원화는 물론 가축분뇨에 의한 환경오염 방지대책 수립을 하고자 수행하였다. 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분에 각각 추가적인 요소의 첨가에 따른 옥수수의 건물수량은 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분 단독시용구보다 유의적으로 증가하였으며 추가적인 요소시용수준의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다. 톱밥발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분에 요소 100 kgN/ha 시용했을때의 건물수량은 화학비료 시용구와 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 50 kgN/ha 시용했을때 보다는 현저하게 높았다. 톱밥발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분 단독시용했을때의 건물수량은 팽연왕겨발효돈분 단독시용구보다 현저하게 증가하였다. 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분에 각각 추가적인 요소의 첨가에 따른 옥수수내 전질소 함량은 돈분뇨의 단독시용구보다 현저하게 증가하였다. 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분에 각각 추가적인 요소의 첨가에 따른 전질소함량은 화학비료처리구 보다 낮았으나 액상발효돈분에 각각 추가적인 요소의 100 kgN/ha 첨가구는 화학비료 처리구와 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분에 각각 추가적인 요소의 첨가에 따른 용탈수에서 $NO_3$-N 농도는 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분 단독처리구와 화학비료 처리구의 보다 유의적으로 증가하였다. 톱밥발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분에 각각 추가적인 요소의 100 kgN/ha 첨가에 따른 용탈수에서 $NH_4$-N 농도는 화학비료처리구와 비슷한 경향을 보였으나 추가적인 요소의 50 kgN/ ha 처리구보다 증가하였다. 톱밥발효돈분, 팽연왕겨발효돈분 및 액상발효돈분에 각각 추가적인 요소의 첨가에 따른 용탈수에서 $PO_4$-P 농도는 돈분뇨 단독처리구보다 증가하였다 그리고 화학비료 처리구와 액상발효돈분에 추가적인 요소 100 kgN/ha 처리구는 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 그리고 $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N 및 $PO_4$-P 농도는 추가적인 요소시용수준이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 시험기간동안 최고 $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N 및 $PO_4$-P 농도 각각 3.46 mg/L, 1.11 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L를 나타냈다.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of swine manure (SM) application with additional nitrogen (N) fertilizer on productivity of corn and environmental pollution in com cultivation soil. The experiment was conformed in lysimeter which was constructed with 30 cm diameter, and 100 cm height. Swine manures used in this study were the compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust (SMFWS) and soft rice hulls treated with high temperature and high pressure (SRH), and swine slurry (SS). The application rates of the additional N, as urea, with swine manure were 50 and 100 kgN/ha on each plot. This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replication. DM yields in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N (zero-mineral N) (P<0.05) and increased as the rate of mineral N application increased (P<0.05). DM yields in SMFWS and SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha showed trends similar to those of chemical fertilizer (control) but higher than those of 50 kg N/ha. DM yields tended to be higher in SMFWS and SS treatments than in SRH treatment. Total N contents in SMFWS, SRH and SS treatments with mineral N were increased, compared with SM treatment without mineral N. N contents in SM treatments with mineral N were lower than those of chemical fertilizer treatment, but N content of chemical fertilizer treatment showed trends similar to that of SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha. $NO_3$-N concentration in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly, compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N and in chemical fertilizer (P<0.05). $NH_4$-N concentrations in SMFWS and SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha showed trends similar to those of chemical fertilizer, but higher than those of 50 kg N/ha. $PO_4$-P concentration in SM treatments with mineral N were increased significantly, compared to those in SM treatment without mineral N (P<0.05). $PO_4$-P concentration in chemical fertilizer treatment showed trends similar to that of SS treatments with mineral 100 kgN/ha. The concentrations of $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P increased as the rate of mineral N application increased (P<0.05). The concentrations of $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P were highly elevated in the concentrated rainy season in the early stage among experimental period. The maximum $NO_3$-N $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P concentrations in the leaching water were 3.46 mg/L, 1.11 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively.
Lysimeter에서 돈분 및 화학비료의 시용수준이 옥수수의 생산성 및 N과 P의 용탈에 미치는 영향
[Kisti 연계] 한국초지조사료학회 Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science Vol.22 No.2 2002 pp.85-92
...SS) and compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust(CSMFS), and chemical fertilizer(CF) and the subplots were consisted of application levels of N-fertilezer, such as 100kgN/ha, 200kgN/ha and 400kgN/ha. Lysimeters were constructed with 1m depth, 30cm diameter. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Dry matter(DM) yield of com enhanced as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. DM yield reveals that there is an increase in order CS > SS > CSMFS. 2. Nitrogen contents of the whole corn enhanced as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. Nitrogen content reveals that there is an increase in order CS > SS > CSMFS. 3. $NO_3^{-}$ and P contents in the leaching water increased as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. $NO_3^{-}$ content was highly elevated in the concentrated rainy season in the experimental early stage. However, P content was affected with the rainfall. The maximum $NO_3^{-}$ and P contents in the leaching water were 14.8ppm and 0.26ppm, respectively.ively.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
본 연구는 lysimeter에서 돈분액비, 톱밥발효 돈분 및 화학비료를 각각 100, 200, 400kg/ha 수준으로 시용하였을 때 옥수수의 생산성, 질소의 이용효율 및 N $O_3^{-}$와 P 용탈에 의한 환경 오염에 미치는 영향을 정확히 규명, 가축분뇨의 자원화는 물론 가축분뇨에 의한 환경오염 방지대책 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었으며 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수의 건물수량은 돈분액비, 톱밥발효 돈분 및 화학비료 모두 시용수준과 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 화학비료> 돈분액비 > 톱밥발쵸돈분의 순으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 돈분액비, 톱밥발효돈분 및 화학비료 시용구간 silage용 옥수수의 질소 함량은 화학비료 > 돈분액비 > 톱밥발효돈분 순으로 높았고, 시용수준과 비례하여 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 3. $NO_3^{-}$와 P의 용탈량은 돈분액비, 톱밥발효 돈분 및 화학비료 모두 시용수준과 비례하여 증가하였으며 계절적으로는 $NO_3^{-}$는 단지 시험초기 집중호우기에 높은 용탈량을 나타낸 반면 P는 강우시마다 지속적으로 높은 경향을 보여주었고, $NO_3^{-}$와 P의 최고 용탈량은 각각 14.8ppm과 0.26ppm이었다.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of application levels of swine waste and chemical fertilizer on productivity of corn and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in Lysimeter containing sandy loam soil. Main Plots were consisted of two types of swine waste, such as swine slurry(SS) and compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust(CSMFS), and chemical fertilizer(CF) and the subplots were consisted of application levels of N-fertilezer, such as 100kgN/ha, 200kgN/ha and 400kgN/ha. Lysimeters were constructed with 1m depth, 30cm diameter. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Dry matter(DM) yield of com enhanced as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. DM yield reveals that there is an increase in order CS > SS > CSMFS. 2. Nitrogen contents of the whole corn enhanced as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. Nitrogen content reveals that there is an increase in order CS > SS > CSMFS. 3. $NO_3^{-}$ and P contents in the leaching water increased as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. $NO_3^{-}$ content was highly elevated in the concentrated rainy season in the experimental early stage. However, P content was affected with the rainfall. The maximum $NO_3^{-}$ and P contents in the leaching water were 14.8ppm and 0.26ppm, respectively.ively.
납투여한 흰쥐의 헴합성과 적혈구 중의 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 녹차, 감잎, 홍화 열수추출물의 영향
[Kisti 연계] 한국식품영양과학회 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.32 No.2 2003 pp.191-196
...SS) on heme synthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in lead (Pb)-administered rats. Male rats were divided into five groups. a normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con), Pb-GT, Pb-PL and Pb-55 groups with ten rats per group. Pb (25 mg/kg. BW) was orally administerd once a day for 4 weeks. The extract of GT, PL and 55 were administered based on 1.26 g of raw traditional tea/kg BW/day. Blood hematocrit, homoglobin level and red blood cell counts were significantly lower in rb-Con group than in normal group. However, the supplementation of GT, PL and 55 were effective to improve the hematological parameters. Plasma AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in Pb-GT, Pb-PL, Pb-SS groups than in Pb-Con group. The $\delta$ -amino-levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity of blood and liver were significantly lowered in Pb-Con group com-pared to those of the normal group. The ALAD activity in Pb administered rats was recovered to tile normal level by the water extract of GT, PL and 55 supplementation. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalse activities were significantly higher in Pb-Con group than in normal group, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was lowered in Pb administered rats. The extract of GT, PL and SS supplement attenuated changes of these erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities by Pb intoxication.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
한국전통차로 알려진 녹차, 감잎 및 홍화의 열수추출물이 납투여된 흰쥐의 헴합성과 적혈구 중의 항산화효소 활성도 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 체중 kg당 25 mg의 납을 매주 1회 경구투여 하였다. 녹차잎, 감잎 및 홍화 열수추출물은 매일 일정시간에 체중 kg당 1.26 g 수준이 되도록 4주간 경구투여하여 사육한 결과 헤마토크릿치, 헤모글로빈 함량 및 적혈구 수는 납 단독투여군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적인 감소를 보였으나 녹차, 감잎 및 홍화 열수추출물 급여로 감소 정도가 완화되었다. 혈액과 간조직 ALAD 중의 활성은 정상군에 비하여 납 단톡투여 군이 유의 적으로 감소되었으며, 한국전통차 열수 추출물 급여시 활성이 정상 수준 가까이 회복되었는데 그 효능은 혈액학적 성상 변화와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다 혈장 중 AST, ALT활성은 정상군에 비하여 납 단독투여군에서 유의적으로 증가되었으며 각각의 열수추출물 급여시 납에 의한 활성 증가가 현저하게 억제되어 정상수준으로 회복되었으며 한국전통차 종류에 따른 차이는 유의적이지는 않으나 감잎과 홍화가 효과적인 것으로 관찰되었다. 적혈구 중의 SOD와 CAT활성 및 GSH 함량은 납 단독투여시 유의적으로 증가되고 GSH-Px 활성은 감소된 반면, 녹차, 감잎 및 홍화 열수추출물 급여시 납으로 인한 적혈구의 항산화효소 활성변화가 완화되었다
This study was performed to investigate the effect of water extract of green tea (GT), persimmon leaf (PL) and safflower seed (SS) on heme synthesis and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in lead (Pb)-administered rats. Male rats were divided into five groups. a normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con), Pb-GT, Pb-PL and Pb-55 groups with ten rats per group. Pb (25 mg/kg. BW) was orally administerd once a day for 4 weeks. The extract of GT, PL and 55 were administered based on 1.26 g of raw traditional tea/kg BW/day. Blood hematocrit, homoglobin level and red blood cell counts were significantly lower in rb-Con group than in normal group. However, the supplementation of GT, PL and 55 were effective to improve the hematological parameters. Plasma AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in Pb-GT, Pb-PL, Pb-SS groups than in Pb-Con group. The $\delta$ -amino-levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity of blood and liver were significantly lowered in Pb-Con group com-pared to those of the normal group. The ALAD activity in Pb administered rats was recovered to tile normal level by the water extract of GT, PL and 55 supplementation. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalse activities were significantly higher in Pb-Con group than in normal group, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was lowered in Pb administered rats. The extract of GT, PL and SS supplement attenuated changes of these erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities by Pb intoxication.
모델링(Modeling) 모던걸(Moderngirl) - 사전, 공개장, 그리고 언파레드, 식민지기 신여성에 대한 백래시의 작동방식
[NRF 연계] 국제비교한국학회 비교한국학 Comparative Korean Studies Vol.30 No.3 2022.12 pp.43-68
...ssion such as “It's not that it's not”. That is, intentionally used rhetoric that reserved judgment on new women was used. It reflects the attitude of those medias that they will not deal with moderngirl in a definite and full-fledged manner in a situation where the existence of new women cannot be ignored. Second, the discourse of backlash against female writers, the representative of intellectual women, is clearly revealed in Kim Ki-jin's open letter to Kim Myung-soon. Kim Ki-jin neg- atively announced Kim Myung-soon's literary characteristics with her decadent appearance and genetic disposition. The spread, and reconstruction of rumors about Kim Myung-soon continued from the 20s to the early 40s in the order of open letter->spying article->rumor article-> novel <Kim Yeonsil’s Life story>. The anxiety and vigilance about female writers and literature entering the male-centered knowledge field were systematically excluded and ousted from the field of public discourse. Third, there is “On-parade” as a writing style that treats new women as “openexhibitions.” SS's “On-parade (Exhibition): Bride Candidate Exhibition” shows that “modern girl” was the product of the exhibition, the author explained this product, and the reader appreciated and evaluated the product. The discourse pattern on the bride=modern girl is as follows. ; informs such as age, family, property, and educational background in turn, and then points out appearance or personality defects. At the end of the article, it is com- mented that the bridegroom=moderngirl cannot be married because she is a hypocritical being without knowledge and culture. On-parade can be seen as a type of media backlash in that it calls the moderngirl an anonymous being to obscure the speaker's responsibility and displays her as a spectacle. Men's anxiety about new women who entered the knowledge field such as literature, and education during the colonial period was found to be a modeling strategy to define and re- produce them as sexually promiscuous, lacking knowledge and intelligence, and hysterical women. The anti-feminism trend of media did not recognize the knowledge and literacy of modern girl, and treated them as objects of peeking or exhibition. Modeling of modern girl would be the starting point when writing the genealogy of backlash.
※ 협약을 통해 무료로 제공되는 자료로, 원문이용 방식은 연계기관의 정책을 따르고 있습니다.
이 글은 식민지 시기 잡지 미디어와 이 미디어 장을 점유한 남성-지식인-문사들이 ‘신여성’에 대한 담론을 어떻게 생산, 유포, 재생산했는지, 그 확장성의 메커니즘을 페미니즘에 대한 반격이라 일컬어지는 ‘백래시’ 현상이라는 측면에서 규명하고자 한 다. 이 글에서는 미디어에서 신여성을 자신의 의도에 맞게 정의하거나 재현하는 것을 ‘모델링(modeling)’이라고 명명할 것이다. 신여성에 대한 모델링의 유형은 첫째, 개념 어 사전과 논설, 둘째 공개장, 셋째, 전시(언파레드)로 나누어 살펴본다. 첫째, 1920년대 중반 무렵 유행한 ‘모던신어사전’과 <신여성>과 <별건곤>의 논설에 서 ‘신여성’에 대한 사전적 정의는 ‘설명불요’, 즉 설명이 필요 없다거나 ‘∼이 아닌것은 아닐 것이다.’와 같은 부정의 부정형 표현을 통해 신여성에 대한 판단을 유보하는 수사학을 의도적으로 구사했다. 이는 신여성의 존재를 무시할 수는 없는 상황에서 이들에 대해 확정적으로, 본격적으로 다루지는 않겠다는 당대 미디어의 태도를 반영한다. 둘째, 지식인 여성의 대표 표상인 여성작가에 대한 백래시 담론은 김기진의 김명 순에 대한 공개장에서 선명하게 드러난다. 김기진은 김명순의 문학적 특징을 ‘분냄 새’나는 퇴폐적인 외모와 유전적 기질로 부정적으로 의미화하고 있다. 김명순에 대한 소문의 유포와 확산, 재구성은 공개장→정탐기→소문기사→소설 「김연실전」 순으로 20년대부터 40년대 초반까지 지속적으로 이루어졌다. 여성작가와 문학이 남성 중심의 지식 장에 들어오는 것에 대한 불안과 경계는 이처럼 공적 담론의 장에서 신 여성 지식인을 체계적으로 배제하고 축출하는 방식으로 이루어졌음을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 신여성을 ‘공공연한 전시물’로 다루는 글쓰기 양식으로 ‘언파레드’가 있다. 쌍S의 「언파레드(전람회): 신부후보자전람회」는 ‘신여성’이 전람회의 상품이고, 저자는 이 상품을 해설하는 존재, 독자는 이 상품을 감상하고 평가하는 존재였음을 보여준다. 신붓감인 신여성에 대한 담화 패턴은 나이와 집안, 재산과 학력과 같은 정보를 차례로 제공한 후 외모나 성격적 결함을 지적한다. 글의 마지막에서는 해당 신붓감 신여성이 지식과 교양이 없는 존재, 위선적인 존재이기 때문에 결혼할 수 없다고 논평한다. 언파레 드는 신여성을 익명인 ‘모 양’으로 호명하여 발화자의 책임소재를 흐리고, 대중의 취향에 맞춰진 볼거리로 전시했다는 점에서 미디어 백래시의 유형으로 볼 수 있다. 식민지 시기 공적 영역, 문학과 교육 등 지식 장에 진출한 신여성에 대한 남성(성) 의 불안은 신여성을 성적으로 문란한 여성, 지식과 지성이 결여된 여성, 히스테리컬 한 여성으로 정의하고 재현하는 모델링 전략으로 나타났다. 잡지 미디어의 반페미니즘 트렌드는 신여성의 지식과 문학 자본을 인정하지 않고, 이들을 엿보기나 전시의 대상으로 취급하였다. 결론적으로 신여성에 대한 모델링은 백래시의 계보를 작성할 때 그 출발지점을 밝힌다는 점에서 의미가 있다.
This article aims to find out how the colonial magazine media and the male-in- tellects-writers who occupied the media produced, distributed, and reproduced the dis- course on “new women” in terms of a “backlash” called a counterattack against feminism. In this article, defining or reproducing a new woman according to male’s intention in the media would be called ‘modeling’. The types of modeling about new women are divided into three. First, conceptual vocabulary dictionaries and editorials, second, open letter, and third, exhibitions (on-parade). The texts are “New Woman” and “Byeol-geon-gon.” First, the dictionary definitions of “new woman” in “Modern New Word Dictionary” and “New Woman” and “Byeol-geon-gon,” which were popular around the mid-1920s, were “unexplainable,” or a double negative expression such as “It's not that it's not”. That is, intentionally used rhetoric that reserved judgment on new women was used. It reflects the attitude of those medias that they will not deal with moderngirl in a definite and full-fledged manner in a situation where the existence of new women cannot be ignored. Second, the discourse of backlash against female writers, the representative of intellectual women, is clearly revealed in Kim Ki-jin's open letter to Kim Myung-soon. Kim Ki-jin neg- atively announced Kim Myung-soon's literary characteristics with her decadent appearance and genetic disposition. The spread, and reconstruction of rumors about Kim Myung-soon continued from the 20s to the early 40s in the order of open letter->spying article->rumor article-> novel <Kim Yeonsil’s Life story>. The anxiety and vigilance about female writers and literature entering the male-centered knowledge field were systematically excluded and ousted from the field of public discourse. Third, there is “On-parade” as a writing style that treats new women as “openexhibitions.” SS's “On-parade (Exhibition): Bride Candidate Exhibition” shows that “modern girl” was the product of the exhibition, the author explained this product, and the reader appreciated and evaluated the product. The discourse pattern on the bride=modern girl is as follows. ; informs such as age, family, property, and educational background in turn, and then points out appearance or personality defects. At the end of the article, it is com- mented that the bridegroom=moderngirl cannot be married because she is a hypocritical being without knowledge and culture. On-parade can be seen as a type of media backlash in that it calls the moderngirl an anonymous being to obscure the speaker's responsibility and displays her as a spectacle. Men's anxiety about new women who entered the knowledge field such as literature, and education during the colonial period was found to be a modeling strategy to define and re- produce them as sexually promiscuous, lacking knowledge and intelligence, and hysterical women. The anti-feminism trend of media did not recognize the knowledge and literacy of modern girl, and treated them as objects of peeking or exhibition. Modeling of modern girl would be the starting point when writing the genealogy of backlash.
0개의 논문이 장바구니에 담겼습니다.
선택하신 파일을 압축중입니다.
잠시만 기다려 주십시오.