Earticle

반복작업이 이루어지는 건축공사에서 작업의 연속성과 함께 자원의 평준화가 이루어지도록 하는 것은 생산성 향상, 비용절감, 공기단축의 효과가 있다. 작업의 연속성을 이루기 위한 기법으로 작업량, 인원, 공정분할 등을 통하여 공사기간 단축, 노무인원의 대기시간 감소 등을 도모한다. 작업인원이 변동되면 작업능률이 저하되고 생산성이 저하되므로 가급적 작업인원이 변동되지 않는 자원평준화가 이루어지도록 하여야 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 자원평준화를 이루는 자원배분과 대기시간을 최소화하는 반복작업의 공정관리 모형을 도출하고자 하였다. 반복공정에 관한 공정관리기법으로 택트기법과 자원배분을 통하여 자원의 평준화를 이루는 방법으로 노무력 평준화 기법이 있다. 이 두가지 기법을 바탕으로 반복작업에서의 생산성 향상을 위한 작업의 연속성을 이루는 노무력 평준화 공정모형을 도출하도록 한다.

To manage planning it must be recognized that the planning process incorporates not only work continuity but also resource leveling with minimization of work waiting time on repetitive work. It is obvious that the better the work planning the fewer the waiting time that can be expected to be encountered in the execution of the project. Planning should provide resource leveling and work continuity to get the increment of productivity. Analysing the characteristics of architectural repetition work for project execution, several planning schedule models comprising the concept that every work consists of a series of repetitive activities to satisfy work continuity and labor resource leveling are examined. The use of the resource distribution chart derived from project schedule are reviewed, including 3 types of resource leveling schedule. This paper describes scheduling model in labor resource leveling and work continuity on repetitive work. The paper shows that control of construction period is related with fixing tact time and manpower per work item. This conclusion is based on reducing wait time, work continuity and labor resource leveling.

본 연구는 작업의 연속성과 자원의 평준화를 이루는 공정과 원가 통합관리의 전산화 방법 도출을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 전산화 과정은 기본단계, 자원평준화 단계, 작업의 연속성 단계로 구분하고 자원이 조정되는 패턴과 작업의 연속성 반영에 따른 각 경우에 대한 로직이 제공되도록 한다. 이를 바탕으로 사례 프로젝트를 선정하고 이에 공정 및 원가 통합관리 전산화 방법을 적용한 결과 공사기간, 공사비용, 진도율 등에 대한 효율적 관리가 이루어질 수 있음을 보이고 있다. 전산화에 의한 공정 및 원가를 통합관리 할 수 있음에 따라 작업의 연속성과 자원의 평준화에 의거 생산성을 향상시켜 비용과 시간을 절약할 뿐 아니라 투입 노무인원도 지속적인 작업이 가능하므로 해당 노무인력의 소득도 안정성을 유지하는 부수적 효과도 있다.

This paper presents the need for the construction management integrated by schedule and cost, which is based on the concept that a project should be kept the work continuity and resource leveling for the increment of productivity. A majority of construction project use some method of schedule and cost control. However, many projects have difficulties with control of schedule and cost pertained data interrelated function. Accordingly, it needs to provide the proper planning method of an automated solution that bring the integrated schedule and cost control. The purpose of this paper is to show how such an automated solution by computerization. The management model for integration of schedule and cost is developed using three steps of the process ; basic data input step, resource leveling step and work continuity step. This integration method by computerization offer finishing on time and within budget for a project and opportunity to achieve higher profits. To achieve the desired integration of schedule and cost, the distribution diagram of resources and the minimization of wait time on each work activity is required.

By introducing the theory of risk element transmission, this paper analyzes the risk of human resource allocation in a multi-project environment based on Theory of Constraints, and it analyzes qualitatively completion risk of processes depending on the bottleneck resource in a multi-project environment. Through analyzing the bottleneck of resource allocation in a multi-Project environment, we set the bottleneck buffer based on the Theory of Constraints, combined with the characteristics of human resource, and establish sharing human resource equilibrium model in a multi-project environment based on the theory of risk element transmission, providing a specific quantitative management method to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of sharing human resource in a multi-project environment, and give the example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach.

This thesis presents a modification and extension to the Burgess and Killebrew heuristic resource leveling procedure for project networks. In contrast to previous algorithms appearing in the literature, the objective function of this algorithm. is the minimization of the sum of the squared errors in each time period (deviations around the mean usage) of all resources over the duration of the project. This objective function continues the search for an improved schedule beyond that of previous algorithms with their associated objective functions. One important feature is that the algorithm tends to reduce the number of periods that a resource is idle during its duration on the project.

In this research, schedule optimization is defined as balancing the number of workers while keeping the demand and needs of the project resources, creating the perfect schedule for each activity. Therefore, when one optimizes a schedule, multiple potentials of schedule changes are assessed to get an instant view of changes that avoid any over and under staffing while maximizing productivity levels for the available labor cost. Optimizing the number of workers in the scheduling process is not a simple task since it usually involves many different factors to be considered such as the development of quantity take-offs, cost estimating, scheduling, direct/indirect costs, and borrowing costs in cash flow while each factor affecting the others simultaneously. That is why the optimization process usually requires complex computational simulations/modeling. This research attempts to find an optimal selection of daily maximum workers in a project while considering the impacts of other factors at the same time through OPEN BIM based multiple computer simulations in resource leveling. This paper integrates several different processes such as quantity take-offs, cost estimating, and scheduling processes through computer aided simulations and prediction in generating/comparing different outcomes of each process. To achieve interoperability among different simulation processes, this research utilized data exchanges supported by building SMART-IFC effort in automating the data extraction and retrieval. Numerous computer simulations were run, which included necessary aspects of construction scheduling, to produce sufficient alternatives for a given project.

건설프로젝트는 일정한 기간 동안 주어진 목표를 수행하기 위한 작업들의 모임이라 정의할 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 필요한 자원의 효율적 계획 및 관리가 필요하고, 이때 자원배당 및 자원평준화 기법이 활용된다. 하지만 자원제약이 있는 자원배당과 공기 제한이 있는 자원평준화 방법은 하나의 프로젝트에 개별적으로 적용되고 있어 전체 프로젝트의 공기와 효율적 자원이용 측면에서 적정화하기는 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구는 자원 평준화 방법의 Minimum Moment Algorithm 개념을 확대 $\cdot$ 적용하여 적정 자원이용 및 공사기간을 산출하고자 한다. 이때 자원 활용의 상태를 나타내는 5가지 지표들 사이의 중요도는 AHP기법을 통해 파악한다.

Since a construction project is a series of works that utilizes resources to accomplish the project goal for a given time period, efficient resource management is a prerequisite for the success of the project. Two major areas of resource management are resource constrained scheduling focusing on the limited resource availability and resource leveling focusing on smoothing resource usage pattern on the fixed project completion time. It is not available, however, to apply both techniques to a project at the same time. This paper proposes a model to enhance the minimum moment algorithm of resource leveling, aiming to find an efficient usage of resources and an appropriate project completion time. A survey is performed to evaluate the major five factors using the AHP.