Earticle

시체의 피부에 유류된 용의자의 지문을 현출하는 것은 수사관의 능력이며 이렇게 현출된 지문은 사건해결에 중요한 증거자료가 될 수 있다. 국내에서는 피부에 유류된 잠재지문에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지지 않고 있고 특히 실제 시체를 이용하여 지문현출실험을 할 수 있는 여건이 성숙되어 있지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사람의 피부와 해부 생리학적으로 가장 유사한 돼지피부를 이용하여 피부에 유류된 잠재지문 현출법을 적용해보았다. 분말법(Powder method)과 전사법(Transfer method), 시약법(Reagent method)으로 구분하여 적용하였으며, 적용환경은 환경부와 국립환경과학원에서 권장하는 실내 환경 매뉴얼의 조건에 따라 실험하였다. 분말법의 경우 magnetic powder에 비하여 흑색(형광)분말의 입자가 수분에 영향을 덜 받았으나, 선명도에 있어서 흑색(형광)분말은 magnetic powder보다 가시성이 떨어졌다. 또한 black magnetic powder보다는 fluorescent magnetic powder의 선명도가 보다 뛰어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 전사법은 분말과 Ruthenium tetroxide(이하 RTX)를 이용하여 kromekote, glossy paper, 금전등록기용 감열지(이하 thermal paper), slide glass에 적용하였으며, 분말의 적용에 있어서는 kromekote와 thermal paper가, RTX의 적용에 있어서는 kromekote에서 보다 나은 융선이 관찰되었다. 시약법은 Cyano acrylate(이하 CA)와 RTX, Sudan black을 적용하였으며, CA 적용 시에는 자연증발법이 Fuming gun(CYANOWAND)보다 좋은 결과를 나타내주었다. RTX는 적용 후 UV조사를 통해 최대 72시간까지 융선 관찰의 가능성을 보여주었으며, Sudan black의 경우 융선 관찰은 이루어지나 그 식별력은 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과가 향후 사건현장에서 시체에 대한 지문현출을 활성화하여 사건해결의 효율성을 높이는데 기여하길 바란다.

Recovering latent fingerprints from skin could be an important evidence for solving criminal cases. In Korean contexts, it is almost impossible to test detecting methods using the dead body. As an alternative, this study took advantage of pig skin to perform powder method, transfer method, and reagent method that is known for having the most similar characteristics to human skin. The results of powder method showed that, compared to magnetic powder, powder was less influenced by moisture but its definition was less visible. Also, it was found that fluorescent magnetic powder showed stronger visibility than black magnetic powder. The transfer method resulted in that, in applying powder, kromekote and thermal paper discovered better ridge. In applying RTX, better ridge was found in kromekote. The results of reagent method was that, in applying CA, natural evaporation showed a better result than fuming gun. Applying RTX suggested that ridge can be detected for up to 72 hours with the help of UV. Sudan black was also useful in detecting ridge but with poor visibility.

막 단백질은 심장질환, 암과 같은 우리 주변에서 흔히 발생하는 질병에 관련되어 있다. 이러한 암과 같은 특정한 질환 상태에서, 막 단백질과 관련된 신호 전달의 비정상은 세포분열을 통제하지 못하고 증가시킬 수 있으며 막 단백질의 발현에 변화가 생긴다. 막 단백질은 지질 이중층으로 이루어진 소수성 환경을 가지고 있어 불안정하기 때문에 막 단백질을 추출해서 연구를 수행하는데 어려움이 있다. 이번 연구에서는 최적화된 막 단백질추출법을 확인하고자 서로 다른 두 가지 추출법의 효율성을 평가하였다. 두 가지 방법으로, high-speed centrifuge법과 reagent법이비교되었다. 비교 분석결과, 미토콘드리아 내막 단백질 분석에는 high-speed centrifuge법이 효율적이고, 소포체막 단백질 분석에는 reagent법이 유용함을 확인하였다. 게다가유전자 온톨로지 소프트웨어를 이용해서 추출된 막 단백질의기능분석을 진행하였을 때, 유전자 온톨로지는 reagent법에서소포체 막 단백질에 연관된 반응이 활성화 되는 것을 확인할 수있었다. 프로세스 네트워크 분석에서, high-speed centrifuge 법에서는 하나의 클러스터를 형성화는 반면, reagent법에서는네 개의 클러스터를 형성하는 것을 시각화하여 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 두 가지 분석법은 서로 다른 하위 막 단백질의 분석에유용함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로, 막 단백질을분석할 때, 표적의 세부 막 단백질을 고려하여 방법론을 선택하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

Membrane proteins are involved in many common diseases, including heart disease and cancer. In various disease states, such as cancer, abnormal signaling pathways that are related to the membrane proteins cause the cells to divide out of control and the expression of membrane proteins can be altered. Membrane proteins have the hydrophobic environment of a lipid bilayer, which makes an analysis of the membrane proteins notoriously difficult. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of two different methods for optimal membrane protein extraction. High-speed centrifuge and reagent-based method with a -/+ filter aided sample preparation (FASP) were compared. As a result, the high-speed centrifuge method is quite effective in analyzing the mitochondrial inner membranes, while the reagent-based method is useful for endoplasmic reticulum membrane analysis. In addition, the function of the membrane proteins extracted from the two methods were analyzed using GeneGo software. GO processes showed that the endoplasmic reticulum-related responses had higher significance in the reagent-based method. An analysis of the process networks showed that one cluster in the high-speed centrifuge method and four clusters in the reagent-based method were visualized. In conclusion, the two methods are useful for the analysis of different subcellular membrane proteins, and are expected to assist in selecting the membrane protein extraction method by considering the target subcellular membrane proteins for study.

We developed an alternative assay method without hazardous reagent of chloroform for urazamide tablets in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex. The HPLC analytical method was validated by system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The linearity of the calibration curves in the desired concentration range is good ($r^2$ >0.999). Precision was obtained less than RSD 1.17%. Accuracy was obtained with recoveries in range of 98.12% and 99.47%. The developed assay could be expected to become valuable tools for revising the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex.

국가공정서 중 하나인 대한민국약전외의약품기준에는 세프록사딘 캡슐의 정량법으로 유해시약인 사염화탄소를 사용하는 산화환원분석법이 수재되어 있다. 세프록사딘 캡슐의 환경 친화적인 대체 시험법으로 보다 안전하고 효율적인 친환경용매를 사용하는 HPLC 분석법을 개발하고, 이를 검증하였다. 직선성은 상관계수($r^2$)가 0.999이상으로 우수하였다. 일내 정밀도는 상대표준편차 0.30~0.69%, 일간 정밀도는 0.47~0.82%로, 회수율은 100.20~100.56%로 나타났다. 개발한 시험법을 이용하여 시중 유통 중인 세프록사딘 캡슐 중 세프록사딘의 함량측정에 응용하였다. 개발된 시험법은 대한민국약전외의약품기준의 개정에 기여가 될 것이다.

Currently oxidation-reduction titration method for the assay method using the hazardous reagent, carbon tetrachloride, for cefroxadine capsules has been used in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex. We developed and validated an alternative HPLC assay method by substituting the use of the hazardous reagent, carbon tetrachloride, to the use of less toxic ones like acetonitrile. The linearity of the calibration curves in the desired concentration range was good ($r^2$ > 0.999). Relative standard deviations of intra-day precision were ranged between 0.30% and 0.69% and inter-day precision were ranged between 0.47% and 0.82%. Accuracy was obtained with recoveries in range of 100.20% and 100.56%. Developed method was applied to the determination of cefroxadine in commercial cefroxadine capsule and could be expected to become valuable tools for revising the Korean Pharmaceutical Codex.

A new analytical procedure for the measurement of monomeric isocyanates and total isocyanate group in workplaces has been investigated. The method described herd involves derivatization of the isocyanate sample upon collection with the reagent 9-anthracenylmethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (PAC). Laboratory investigations have demonstrated that excess PAC reagent can be satisfactorily removed from PAC-derivatized monomeric isocyanates-a requirement for the success f the analytical procedure. After removal of excess PAC reagent, the PAC derivatives of butyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, HDI, MDI, and TDI were reacted with sodium thiomethoxide to convert them all to 9-anthracenylmethyl methyl sulfide (AMMS). Total isocyanate group was determined by HPLC analysis and quantification of the single AMMS peak. This circumvents many of the disadvantages associated with current HPLC methods. There were no longer problems associated with quantifying late-eluting peaks and analysis times were very short. A single detector was used for quantification because a standard of the analyte existed and the retention time could be determined. Because all species were converted to a single analyte, the problem of variability of response factors among different species was averted. Finally, there were no complex chromatograms to interpret. Monomers of other individual species were measured by analysis of the sample before the individual species were converted to AMMS. The favorable performance of PAC warrants its further study as a reagent for the determination of total isocyanate group in air.