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The purpose of this study was to examine the state of oral prophylaxis practice among dental hygiene students and their awareness of musculoskeletal diseases in an effort to provide some information on how to strengthen education on treatment posture to manage musculoskeletal diseases and how to raise awareness of musculoskeletal diseases. From November 2 to 13, 2016, a self-administered survey was conducted on 653 sophomores, juniors and seniors with an experience of oral prophylaxis practice. SPSS version 20.0 for Windows was employed to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. The largest group that accounted for 37.4% responded that the total number of students undergoing oral prophylaxis practice during a semester was four to six. The biggest group that represented 65.4% answered that the required practice time per student was one to fewer than three hours. 76.0% continued to be in the repeated same posture. 2. As for the posture of patients, supine position was most common for the maxillary sinus, which accounted for 82.2%. And semi-upright position was most common for the mandibular sinus, which represented 49.6%. 3. In regard to the burden of oral prophylaxis practice, 33.9% considered the required for the practice appropriate. 42.3% took the repeated long-lasting posture, and 53.5% were under physical pressure. 55.4% suffered from mental pressure and stress. 4. The most dominant musculoskeletal area that they experienced pain after oral prophylaxis practice was neck with 52.5%; waist with 48.2, shoulders/wrists/hands with 45.5, back with 10.3, buttocks with 4.1, elbows with 2.3, legs with 2.1, ankles/feet with 0.8 and knees with 0.6%. 5. Concerning the maintenance of repeated treatment postures and pain experience, the students who continued to be in the repeated same position underwent more pain than the others who didn't on the shoulders(2.92±1.05), in the waist(3.02±1.01), buttocks(1.75±0.92), elbows(1.55±0.79) and ankles/foot(2.52±1.25). The differences were statistically significant(p<.05, p<.01). 6. As to educational experience on treatment posture and musculoskeletal diseases, 88.8% received education on treatment posture; 87.9%, on what position should be taken in times of cooperation; 46.9%, on musculoskeletal diseases; 51.9%, on carpal tunnel syndrome; 42.3%, on varicose vein. The students who replied education on occupational diseases was necessary accounted for 89.6%. 7. The students who experienced treatment posture education were better aware of the causes of musculoskeletal diseases(3.23±3.00), ways for preventing the diseases(3.33±.834) and how to stretch the body(3.63±.858). The differences were statistically significant(p<.05, p<.001). 8. The students who experienced education on occupational diseases heard more about musculoskeletal diseases(3.27±.965), were better cognizant of the causes of the diseases(3.45±.847), were better aware of how to prevent them(3.55±.805) and found themselves to know how to stretch to prevent the diseases (3.73±.826). The differences were statistically significant(p<.001).

현재 사용되고 있는 화학제재의 치면착색제는 착색제의 위해성 논란이 제기되며, 또한 의약외품으로 분류 됨에 따라 수급에 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 천연재료를 사용하여 치면착색제를 개발하고 그에 대한 사용감과 효능성에 대해 알아보고자 시행하였다. 천연착색제의 구성은 치자, 젠탄검, 스테비아, Food Blue No 1.등을 혼합하여 제조하였으며, 관능성 테스트를 시행한 후 한 가지를 선택하여 대상자에게 치면세마 전 착색 을 하여 효과성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 현재 사용되고 있는 치면착색제와 비슷한 효과를 나타냈으며, 향과 맛을 보완해야 한다는 점을 도출하였다. 향후 천연재료를 이용한 치면착색제의 개발에 도움이 되기를 바라며 천연착색 염료의 상용화에 있어 초안이 되기를 바란다.

The tooth colorant of chemical sanctions currently in use raises controversy over the risk of colorants, and it is also difficult to supply and demand as it is classified as a non-medical product. Therefore, in this paper, a dental colorant was developed using natural materials and implemented to find out the sense of use and efficacy thereof. The composition of the natural coloring agent was prepared by mixing gardenia seeds pigment, xanthangum, stevia, and food blue no.1, and after performing a functional test, one was selected and the effectiveness was compared by coloring the subject before prophylaxis. As a result, it showed a similar effect to the tooth coloring agent currently used, and it was derived that the aroma and taste should be supplemented. It is hoped that it will help the development of dental colorants using natural materials in the future, and that it will be a draft for the commercialization of natural coloring dyes.

Background : Mechanical prophylaxis (MP) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have been widely used after patient undergoing orthopedic surgery. However, their efficacy in preventing venous thrombus remains unclear. Methods : PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched for studies that investigated the effectiveness between MP and LMWHs. Predefined outcomes were incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), proximal DVT and major bleeding using random-effects models. Results : A total of 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on 2899 patients were eligible for inclusion. No significant difference was observed between MP and LMWHs for the prevention of DVT (RR 1.37; 95% CI: 0.83-2.26), PE (RR 1.35; 95% CI: 0.41-4.41), or proximal DVT (RR 1.30; 95% CI: 0.55- 3.02). However, there was a significant reduction of major bleeding (RR 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.82). Predefined subgroup analysis suggested that MP might enhance the occurrence of DVT in comparison with fixed-dose LMWHs (RR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.09-2.37), but not in the subgroup with adjusted-weight LMWHs (RR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.11-1.30). Without combining graduated compression stockings (GCS) in both groups, the incidence of DVT was significantly associated with MP (RR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.01-3.21). Conclusions : Results of this meta-analysis suggested, compared to LMWHs, MP might have no significance in the prevention of DVT, although it was associated with lower incidence of major bleeding after patients underwent orthopedic surgery. However, subgroup analyses suggested that fixed-based LMWHs or application one of mechanical types without GCS might have differential effects. Therefore, large-scaled and well-designed RCTs are needed in the future.

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with persistent stress and disruption of neuronal function. Persistent stress causes neuronal atrophy, including loss of synapses and reduced size of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These alterations are associated with neural dysfunction, including mood disturbances, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Synaptic plasticity is the fundamental function of neural networks in response to various stimuli and acts by reorganizing neuronal structure, function, and connections from the molecular to the behavioral level. In this review, we describe the alterations in synaptic plasticity as underlying pathological mechanisms for depression in animal models and humans. We further elaborate on the significance of phytochemicals as bioactive agents that can positively modulate stress-induced, aberrant synaptic activity. Bioactive agents, including flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, and lignans, have been reported to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and release, suppress neuronal loss, and activate the relevant signaling pathways, including TrkB, ERK, Akt, and mTOR pathways, resulting in increased spine maturation and synaptic numbers in the neuronal cells and in the brains of stressed animals. In clinical trials, phytochemical usage is regarded as safe and well-tolerated for suppressing stress-related parameters in patients with depression. Thus, intake of phytochemicals with safe and active effects on synaptic plasticity may be a strategy for preventing neuronal damage and alleviating depression in a stressful life.

Background : An invasive fungal infection (IFI) is an important cause of morbidityand mortality in preterm infants with immature immune systems. In the present study, we evaluatedthe efficacy in preventing IFI and adverse effects of prophylactic fluconazole in extremelylow birth weight infants (ELBWIs). Methods : From January 2010 to July 2012, we conducted a chart review in a total of 106preterm infants with a birth weight less than 1 kg that were hospitalized in the neonatal intensivecare unit (NICU) of the Asan medical center. In May 2011, an unit policy on fluconazole prophylaxishad been implemented (3 mg/kg twice a week intravenous infusion) and we classified thestudy population into two groups; control group (admitted before the introduction of fluconazoleprophylaxis, n=71) and study group (admitted after the introduction of fluconazole prophylaxis,n=35). The incidence of IFI and the strains of infection were investigated and other outcome variables including mortality, morbidity, and adverse effects of fluconazole were also collected. Results : The incidence of IFI was 2.9% in the study group versus 19.7% in the control group(p<0.05). Logistic regression revealed that fluconazole prophylaxis significantly decreased therates of IFI (Odds ratio 0.082, p<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of cholestasisbetween two groups and there was no evidence of hepatotoxicity of fluconazole. Conclusion : The prophylactic administration of fluconazole in ELBWIs revealed its effectivenessin preventing IFI without significant adverse effects.

Background : Stress ulcers are a significant cause of gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients, increasing morbidity and mortality. While prophylactic therapy is recommended for high-risk individuals, it is frequently given to low-risk patients or continued unnecessarily until hospital discharge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the continuation of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Methods : We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for adult patients admitted to ICUs at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between June 2024 and May 2025. We identified patients who were newly prescribed proton pump inhibitors, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, or potassium-competitive acid blockers. We assessed SUP continuation at ICU discharge and evaluated the presence of stress ulcer risk factors using established literature-defined criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with inappropriate SUP continuation. For patients without risk factors, we also examined whether therapy persisted until hospital discharge. Results : Our study included 799 patients (60.3% male; mean age 66.3 ± 14.0 years). At ICU discharge, 299 patients (37.4%) continued SUP despite having no identifiable stress ulcer risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that a higher number of concomitant medications (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.13) was significantly associated with inappropriate continuation, while a shorter ICU stay showed an inverse association (adjusted OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99). Among patients who continued SUP without risk factors at ICU discharge, 238 (79.6%) remained on the therapy until hospital discharge. Conclusion : More than one-third of patients inappropriately continued SUP at ICU discharge, even in the absence or resolution of risk factors, with the vast majority maintaining therapy until hospital discharge. A greater number of concomitant medications and a shorter ICU stay were predictors of inappropriate continuation, underscoring the necessity for proactive reassessment of SUP during transitions of care.

This study considered the problem of whether the method of Lamaze education changes maternal attitudes toward childrearing, material-infant interaction and is feasible for Korean culture in nineteen mother. infant dyads. Among those mothers, nine were assigned experimental group who received Lamaze education at the period of 7th and 8th month of gestation, and ten were assigned control group who received obstetric routine care. Maternal attitudes were assessed with selected items from Cohler's Maternal Atttiude Scale. Maternal Play Interaction Scale was used during play session to evaluate maternal sensitivity, infant response and mother-infant dyadic synchrony. There were no significant differences not only between the two groups, but also between the period of pre-lamaze education and post-delivery on the Cohler's maternal attitude scale. Experimental mothers and babies scored significantly higher on maternal sensitivity and infant response. But no differences in mother-infant, dyadic synchrony were found. This findings mean that the effect of the lamaza education on the maternal attitudinal change related to be needed the change of cognitive structure is delayed while the effect of that on the maternal infant behavioral response showed immediatly. Modification of Lamaze method is necessary for practical use in our sociocultural system.

본 연구 결과, 일반적 및 질병관련 특성에 따른 급성 오심 · 구토 정도는 임신 시 입덧을 경험한 경우와 예측성 오심을 경험한 경우에 높았다. 항암제의 구토유발 수준별 급성 오심·구토 정도는 3일째에 항암제의 구토유발 수준이 낮은 경우가 높은 경우보다 높았으며, 예방적 항구토제에 관한 프로토콜 이행 정도는 항암제 구토유발 수준에 따라 차이가 있었다. 그러나 예방적 항구토제 프로토콜의 이행 정도에 따른 1일부터 3일째 급성 오심 · 구토 정도에는 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 항암제의 구토유발 수준에 따른 예방적 항구토제 프로토콜의 이행은 대체적으로 잘 이루어지고 있다고 판단되며, 입덧을 경험했거나 예기성 오심이 있는 경우에는 급성 오심 · 구토를 감소시키기 위해 보다 적극적인 예방적 항구토제 사용을 권하고, 종양전문 간호사는 대상자에게 투여되고 있는 항암제의 구토유발 수준보다는 대상자의 오심 · 구토 증상호소에 더 민감할 필요가 있다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the compliance with the protocol, which was developed considering the emetogenic potential for prophylaxis of chemotherapy. Methods: Data was collected from 144 patients who received chemotherapy from June 15 to August 31, 2010 in C University Hospital in Jeollanamdo, Korea. The level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and the compliance with the protocol for prophylaxis of CINV were measured. Results: There was statistically significant difference of CINV in morning sickness and anticipatory nausea of general and clinical characteristics. Also, the compliance with the protocol developed according to emetogenic potential of chemotherapy was statistically significant. There was no difference in CINV in regard to the compliance with the protocol. Conclusion: There was a good compliance with the protocol for prophylaxis according to emetogenic potential. But it should be recommended to use antiemetics for prophylaxis aggressively to relieve CINV for the patients who already experienced morning sickness and anticipatory nausea. In addition, the oncology nurses should respond sensitively to the complaints of nausea and vomiting no matter what the emetogenic potentials of chemotherapy regimen are.

Background : Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed after kidney transplantation to prevent gastrointestinal complications despite the lack of evidence. There are conflicting opinions reporting on an association between PPI prophylaxis and acute rejection. Additionally, several studies have reported increased risk of infections and hematological events of PPI use. The purpose of this study was to investigate risks of PPI prophylaxis early after kidney transplantation. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients who received kidney transplantations September 2016-February 2018 using standard immunosuppressive regimens. The endpoints were to compare the incidence of adverse events, biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), and graft failure within three months and six months after transplantation. Results : A total of 190 recipients were included in this study; of which 56 were included in the PPI group and 134 were included in the no-PPI group. Seven (12.5%) patients in the PPI group and five (3.7%) patients in the no-PPI group developed BPAR within three months, which was statistically significant (p=0.044). There was no significant difference in BPAR within six months (7[12.5%] vs. 9[6.7%], p=0.250, respectively). One patient taking PPI was diagnosed with graft failure. Infectious adverse events were not significantly different between the groups. Grade Ⅱ thrombocytopenia was more common in the PPI group (5[8.9%] vs. 2[1.5%], p=0.024, respectively). Conclusion : PPI prophylaxis after kidney transplantation was associated with acute rejection and severe thrombocytopenia. Further studies are needed to investigate the association between PPI and other complications.

Background: Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent and the most recommended prophylactic antifungal agent for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the status and effectiveness of posaconazole as a prophylactic antifungal agent in pediatric patients receiving induction chemotherapy for AML. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 36 pediatric patients with AML (between January 2013 and September 2017) at the Yonsei University Health System. Invasive fungal disease (IFD) was assessed as the primary endpoint of prophylactic antifungal effect. The secondary endpoints were incidence of fever, persistent fever despite the use of broadspectrum antibiotics for 72 h, alteration of antifungal agent, intensive care unit admission, and death within 100 days. Results: Among the 36 patients, 18 patients used posaconazole, 12 were treated with suspension formula, and 6 of them were treated with tablets. Eighteen patients did not use antifungal agents prophylactically. The mean number of days of posaconazole administration was 26.8±16 days. IFD occurred in 2/18 (11.1%) patients in the no prophylaxis group and in 1/18 (5.6%) patients in the posaconazole group (p=0.49). Conclusion: Posaconazole is expected to be useful for the prevention of IFD in pediatric patients with AML undergoing induction chemotherapy. Prospective studies of the effectiveness of posaconazole prophylaxis should be conducted in more pediatric patients in the future.

Background: The over-prescription of acid-suppressive therapy for the provision of stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in hospitalized patients has been identified in a proceeding study. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate clinicians' beliefs, knowledge and other factors that influence the over-prescribing of SUP in low-risk, non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) patients. Method: A cross-sectional survey consisting of multiple-choice queries and close-ended questions was distributed to healthcare personnel at a major teaching hospital in Korea. Results: More than half of total respondents reported that they would continue SUP following patients discharge from the ICU (77.8%, 43.5%, and 39.7% in the physician, pharmacist, and nurse groups, respectively). Over 55% of physicians would also initiate non-ICU patients on SUP upon hospital admission, and 42.6% of physicians would even continue prophylaxis post hospital discharge. The mean knowledge score regarding SUP indications and side effects was higher in pharmacists compared to physicians and nurses (12.44, 7.40, and 7.28, respectively; p<0.001). High-prescribing behavior was associated with a prescriber's belief that SUP is effective for preventing bleeding (odds ratio 7.40; 95% confidence interval 1.57 to 31.94; p=0.012). Low knowledge score and computerized order set also showed statistically significant association with the overutilization of SUP.

The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of people in general about oral health and oral prophylaxis in an attempt to accentuate the importance of oral prophylaxis education, to improve that education and to promote national oral health. The subjects in this study were 318 people who visited the oral prophylaxis practice lab in the department of dental hygiene at this university. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for scaling, the largest number of the people investigated never had their teeth scaled, and just a very small group did that on a regular basis. 2. Concerning positive and negative perception about oral prophylaxis before training, the most dominant positive view was that oral prophylaxis would make the mouth clean. The least common negative perspective was that oral prophylaxis provided by the practice lab would lag behind the same service offered by dental hospitals or clinics. 3. As to oral prophylaxis symptoms and feelings after training, the greatest group felt refreshed in the mouth. 4. Regarding any possible differences in their positive views by gender, both of the men and women had a significantly better opinion after training. In terms of negative perspective, there was no statistically significant change, but they took a less negative view after training was provided.

C College of Health develops and operates NCS based curriculum to educate and train dental hygienists to prepare for field work. This study lasted from August to December of 2015 and targeted 51 sophomores from dental hygiene department of C College of health located in a metropolitan city who enrolled in oral prophylaxis course without NCS. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The factors that were scored highest in evaluation of preparedness before class were importance of the course 4.76±0.51, appropriateness of instruction method 4.39±0.66, and appropriateness of course objectives 4.35±036. 2. The factor that was scored highest in evaluation of achievement after class were appropriateness of instruction method 4.74±0.52, while the lowest item was academic achievement 4.43±0.75. 3. Comparison of satisfaction before and after class revealed that all 4 factors (appropriateness of lesson plan, instruction method, method of performance evaluation, and operation of non-regular courses) were significantly high after class (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.000, p=0.002). Based on the study's results, it is considered appropriate for oral prophylaxis course to actively reflect students' demands and industrial settings in its NCS based curriculum.

purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide information on the actual status and prevailing trend of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in South Korea.Materials and Methods: The Korean Knee Society (KKS) developed a questionnaire with 6 clinical questions on VTE. The questionnaire was distri-buted to all members of KKS by both postal and online mail. Participants were asked to supply details on their specialty and to select methods of pro-phylaxis they employ. Of the total members of KKS, 27.9% participated in the survey. results: The percentage of surgeons who routinely performed prophylaxis for VTE was 60.4%; 19.4% performed prophylaxis depending on the patient’s health condition; and the remaining 20.2% never implemented prophylaxis after surgery. The common prophylactic methods among the responders were compression stocking (72.9%), pneumatic leg compression (63.3%), perioral direct factor Xa inhibitor (46.9%), and low-molecular-weight heparin (39.5%). For the respondents who did not perform prophylaxis, the main reason (51.5%) was the low risk of postoperative VTE considering the low incidences in Asians.conclusions: The present study involving members of the KKS will help to comprehend the actual status of VTE prevention in South Korea. The results of this study may be useful to design VTE guidelines appropriate for Koreans in the future.

Domestic human hydrophobia has not been reported since the one case of 2004 in South Korea, but still a few animal rabiesoccur persistently since the reemerging stage of rabies from 1993. The government has made efforts to control animal rabiesin many aspects, but whether prophylactic strategy for human hydrophobia is performed adequately is in question. The rate ofproper post-exposure prophylaxis for animal bite case in ‘high-risk region’ of rabies is very low with 20% between 2011 and2013. The National Animal Bite Patient Surveillance targeting ‘high-risk region’ is missing out animal bite cases who visit directlyto hospitals in ‘suspect-risk region’ of rabies. Little data seems to exist for pre-exposure prophylaxis of domestic hydrophobia. Danger of reoccurrence of human hydrophobia always remain in South Korea. The medical personnel needs to have greaterinterest on the matter and the government strengthen the management system.

Objective : This prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic ramosetron administration against postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD). Methods : In this study, 100 patients undergoing MVD were randomly allocated to the control (normal saline, 2 mL) or ramosetron (ramosetron, 0.3 mg) groups at the end of surgery. The incidence and severity of PONV, need for rescue antiemetics, patient satisfaction score, duration of hospital stay, and the occurrence of adverse events were evaluated 48 hours post-surgery. Results : Data obtained from 97 patients were included in the final analysis. The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the ramosetron group than in the control group throughout the 48-hour postoperative period (29.2% vs. 51.0%, p=0.028). A similar trend was observed with regard to PONV severity (p=0.041). The need for rescue antiemetics, satisfaction score, duration of hospital stays, and the occurrence of adverse events did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion : Prophylactic ramosetron administration reduced the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing MVD without causing serious adverse events. Thus, ramosetron use may improve patient recovery following MVD.