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We consider some dependability management systems(IEC300, NASA AHB5300.1 and DIN VDE 0801) with reference on IEC300. Part I of IEC300(IEC300-1) covers the essential features of a comprehensive dependability programme for the planning, organization, direction, and control of resources to produce products which will be reliable and maintainable. We consider the contents of IEC300-1； scope, normative references, definitions, management responsibilities, product or project independent programme elements and project specific programme elements.

The purpose of this study was to find out about the effect of willingness of recreation leader training programme’s participant on self-management and self-contentment. The study was carried out with the students who had participated in the recreation leader training programme from January 2011 to August 2011. Convenience sampling method was used for sampling. Total number of 330 was distributed and 298 reponses were double-collected. 282 out of 298 reponses were used for this study after excluding 16 non-effective responses. The study was carried out by using frequency analysis, explorative factor analysis, confirmative factor analysis, relationship analysis and structure equations, and the following conclusion was obtained. First, the participant’s willingness had positive effect on self- management and showed the greatest number of route among the hypothesis. Secondly, the participant’s willingness had positive effect on self-contentment. Thirdly, the participant’s self-management had a positive effect on self-contentment. Willngness of recreation leader training programme participants had a direct effect on self-management and self-contentment, and this showed the significance of improving recreation leader’s quality in this developed modern society. Therefore, one’s effort to improve his/her quality as a recreation leader is significant in terms of ‘respect and trust for human’ and also important in that recreation activity can help to provide healthy and good quality of life to people in this modern society.

Although risk management is an essential requisite for success of all endeavors, it is highly important to balance the risky contexts in the programmes for realizing the organizational gains and strategies. As the programmes remark a distinct locus in the organizational hierarchy, they mandate adoption of precise risk management approaches. Telecommunication development programmes are risky and complex undertakings; consequently they obligate meticulous controls in order to be prosperous. This study seeks the implementation of a specialized programme risk management procedure for a large-scale development programme – the Next Generation Wireless Mobile Services programme – in Pakistan telecom market. The proposed procedure follows the standard risk management process in an organized way, utilizes certain decision tools, and attempts to balance the risks facing the programme. It demonstrates how some information gathering ideas together with the popular tools e.g. the Analytical Hierarchy Process, the As Low as Reasonably Practicable rationale and the Standard Deviation notions can be used for balancing the risky environs in the subject programme. The results present substantive improvement in the risk exposures of said telecom programme and authenticate the methodology offered. This approach can also be useful in managing risks in a variety of other (large-scale) programmes.

The paper describes and quantifies the wastes arising in the nuclear fuel cycle for Light Water Reactors, Heavy Water Reactors and Fast Breeder Reactors. The management and disposal technologies are indicated, together with their environmental impacts. Both once-through and uranium-plutonium recycle systems are evaluated, and comparisons are made on the basis of tingle reference technologies for waste management, and for one gigawatt/year of electricity generation. Environmental impacts are assessed, particularly that of health and safety, and a reference costing system is applied purely as a basis for comparing the fuel cycles. From this study it call be concluded generally that the relative differences of the impacts of waste management and disposal between the selected fuel cycles are not decisive factors in choosing a fuel cycle. Employing the technologies assumed, the radioactive wastes from any of the fuel cycles studied can be managed and disposed of with a high degree of safety and without undue risk to man or the environment. The cost of waste management and disposal is only a few percent of the value of the electricity generated and does not vary greatly between fuel cycles.

정부의 성과를 극대화하기 위한 예산제도의 개혁에서 대표적인 경향이 예산에 대한 시계를 단년도를 넘어 다년간 중기적 관점으로 넓히게 된 것이라 할 것이다. 이와 관련하여 우리나라는 국가재정법에 근거하여 5회계연도의 중기재정계획인 ‘국가재정운용계획’을 수립하고 있는데, 이에 대해서는 그 내용 및 실효성과 관련하여 많은 문제점이 있어 왔다. 그런데 최근 중기재정관리의 실효성 확보와 관련하여 최근 프랑스는 매우 특이한 형태를 실현하였는 바, 주목을 요한다. 즉, 유럽연합의 『안정성과 성장에 관한 협약』에서 합의된 국가재정건전성 제고를 실현하기 위해 프랑스는 2008년 헌법 개정을 거쳐 2009년 2월 9일 『2009-2012년도 공공재정계획법률』을 제정함으로써 법률형태의 중기재정계획을 마련하였다. 그리고 동 계획법률에서 계획기간 국가부채 규모, 총지출 증가율, 2009년부터 2012년까지 각 단위별 지출한도 등 주요 재정지표에 관하여 구체적인 수치로 정하고 있다. 이는 국가재정법상 국가재정운용계획의 수립과 국회제출은 의무화되어 있으나 구체적인 지출한계나 국가부채규모 등에 대해 법적 구속력이 전혀 없는 우리의 경우와 근본적 차이를 나타낸다. 최근 국가재정건전성의 확보가 최대의 화두로 부상하는 요즘, 행정부의 다년도 재정운영계획을 둘러싼 개선방향에 대한 논의의 핵심은 재정운용계획이 끊임없이 변화하는 가운데 어떻게 정부의 책임성과 제도의 실효성을 확보할 것인지로 귀결된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 우리의 중기재정운용계획에 해당하는 다년간 재정운용계획 자체를 입법화한 프랑스의 특수한 사례에 착안하여, 프랑스의 「공공재정계획법률」의 도입 배경과 내용을 상세히 분석하고, 특히 동 계획법률을 둘러싼 규범성 논란을 소개함으로써 우리의 재정운용계획의 구속력의 수준을 설정하는데 법적 논의의 단초를 제공하고자 한다.

It's in order to render a comparative examination on the mid-term expeditures framework which is one of the most important measure to assure the sound finance through the recherche, especially, on the example of France that this report is presented. In France, as an effort in the accordance with the Growth and Stability Pact, after a constitutional amendment, an act legislative has been made to pledge in security the healthiness of the public finance. The law(Loi n° 2009-135 du 9 fevrier 2009 de programmation des finances publiques pour les annees 2009 a 2012) is remarked by its substances that are the limits supposed to be imposed onto each item of the public expenses, in the form of concrete and definite amount. In resolving the instance of France, precisely, by the analysis on the contexte obliging the establishment of the mid-term expeditures framework and the study on the substance of the law abovementioned, shall be raised some suggestions as the conclusion for the amelioration of the system in Korea.

The purpose of this study to develop the Hospital Management Award(HMA) programme which would be a basic information for advancing hospital industry in Korea. HMA programme in the study are designed with general census building method of researchers and with the data of professions opinion which was survey with structured questionnaire Major results of this study are as follows. First, Hospital Management Award(HMA) programme is perceived very necessary and useful for advancing hospital industry of Korea (positive response rate: 93.0%). Second, Criteria, Classification of hospitals may be the function, size and ownership of hospital. Third Evaluating area of hospital management, examining method and evaluation marking points are designed on the basis of hospital management information system. Forth, this study suggests same strategies for execution of the programme. On the basis of the study results this study suggests that Hospital Management Award(HMA) programme would rather actualized in advance by formal institute and/or association. And some in depth studies are required mainly for development of the action plan of HMA programme.