Earticle

복온공주(福溫公主, 1818~1832, 순조의 차녀) 활옷의 수많은 문양은 매우 다양하고 화려하나 복잡하지 않고 안정감이 있는 조형미가 매우 뛰어난 의복으로 끊임없이 회자되어 오고 있다. 이러한 조형미가 형성된 근본적 요인은 문양들이 서로 긴밀한 관계를 통해 조화와 균형을 이루며, 단순하고 간결하게 인지하기 때 문이다. 이와 같이 인지하는 현상은 게슈탈트 심리학자들에 의하면, 인간의 지각 체계는 부분보다 전체를 먼저 인식하는데, 이는 우리의 뇌가 모든 사물을 인지할 때 단순하고 간결한 형태로 체계화하기 때문이라 하였고, 이를 게슈탈트 법칙으로 설명하였다. 이러한 구조적 체계화는 조화, 균형, 통일 등 조형미의 원리와 깊 은 관련이 있다. 그러나 이러한 관점에 주안점을 둔 조형미에 관한 선행연구는 없으며, 문양의 종류, 위치, 의미 등의 분석에만 머물러 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 ‘게슈탈트 시지각 이론’의 원리를 통해 복온공주 활옷 문양에 대한 조형미의 근원적 요인을 분석하는 데 그 목적을 두었다. 게슈탈트 시지각 이 론의 원리 중 본 연구에서는 공통 영역의 법칙, 초점의 법칙, 간결성의 법칙, 유 사성과 공동 운명의 법칙, 연속성의 법칙을 중심으로 살펴보았으며, 근접성의 법 칙은 기본 개념으로 하였다. 이를 살펴본 결과, 금사선 안의 수많은 문양들이 그 룹화를 이루면서 다양한 문양들이 전체로 인식되는 요인은 공통 영역의 법칙으로 적용됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 문양의 크기와 색의 대비를 통해 강조점을 두어 시 선이 분산되지 않게 하는 요인으로는 초점의 법칙, 문양들은 다양한 요소가 어우 러져 하나의 문양을 형성하고 있는데 이때 문양을 전체로 인식하는 것, 그리고 활 옷 전체의 모든 요소 역시 간결성의 법칙이 적용되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 다음 으로 모든 문양들은 종류별로 유사한 형태와 크기 및 방향성을 가지고 있어 서로 다른 문양들끼리도 보다 긴밀하게 그룹화를 이루는 현상은 유사성의 법칙과 공동 운명의 법칙이 동시에 적용되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 복온공주 활옷 의 모든 문양은 그리드 시스템 위에 문양이 수놓아져 있으며, 보이지 않는 수직 선 상의 문양은 하나의 그룹으로 인식하게 되는데, 연속성의 법칙이 적용되고 있 음을 알 수 있었다. 이와 같이 게슈탈트 시지각 이론을 중심으로 고찰한 결과 복 온공주 활옷에서 느껴지는 조화와 균형 그리고 통일성과 함께 간결하고 안정감 있는 조형미의 요인은 수많은 문양들이 구획선 안에서 서로 긴밀한 관계를 맺고 그룹을 형성함에 따라 구조적 형태로 인지하기 때문임을 알 수 있었다.

The numerous patterns of Princess Bok-on (Princess 福溫 (1818-1832; the second daughter of Soonjo) Hwallot clothes are very diverse and colorful, but they are not complicated and have been talked about constantly as clothes with a great sense of stability. The fundamental factor that formed this formative beauty is that the patterns are in harmony and balance through close relationships with each other, and are recognized simply and concisely. This is explained by the Gestalt Law, and Gestalt psychologists have found that the human perception system recognizes the whole before the part because our brains systematize it in a simple and concise form when we recognize all things. This structural systematization is closely related to the principles of formative beauty such as harmony, balance, and unification. However, there are no prior studies on the formative beauty focused on this point of view, and the situation remains only in the analysis of the type, location, and meaning of the pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the fundamental factors of the formative beauty of the pattern of Princess Bokon's Hwallot clothes through the principle of Gestalt's visual perception theory. This study focused on the laws of common areas, the laws of focus, the laws of conciseness, the laws of similarity and common destiny, and the laws of continuity among the principles of Gestalt's visual perception theory, and the law of proximity was the basic concept. As a result of examining this, it was found that as numerous patterns inside the gold wire were grouped, the factors recognized as a whole were applied as the laws of common areas. In addition, the emphasis was placed on the contrast between the size and color of the pattern to prevent the gaze from being dispersed, and the law of focus, the pattern's recognition as a whole, and the law of conciseness were applied to all elements of the Hwallot clothes. Next, it was found that the law of similarity and the law of common destiny were applied to the phenomenon of more closely grouping different patterns because all patterns have similar shapes, sizes, and directions for each type. Finally, all of the patterns of Princess Bokon's Hwallot clothing are embroidered on the grid system, and the patterns on the invisible vertical line are recognized as a group, indicating that the law of continuity is applied. As a result of examining the Gestalt visual perception theory in this way, it was discovered that the simple and stable formative beauty factor, along with the harmony, balance, and unity felt in Princess Bokon's Hwallot clothing, is recognized as a structural form as numerous patterns are closely related to each other and form a group within the compartment line.

Cases of botched information systems implementation have been surfaced due to poor IS project management and control. One major source of such failures is the perceptual difference between the participants of IS projects who should define potential risk factors well before considered IS projects are launched. Based on risk factors cited from prior works, this paper empirically examines the risk factors associated with IS service project management to analyze perceptual differences between the IS service providers and customers in Korea. Data analyses found significant differences in the area of scheduling/resource, technological newness, communications, and sponsorship/ownership while statistically significant differences were observed in eleven individual factors out of forty six risk factors. Risk factors are also ordered in terms of perceived importance to highlight the critical differences.

그림표현양식과 심미적 반응과의 관계를 나타내는 모형을 개발하기 위하여 그림양식에 대한 현대적 연구접근과 지각이론에 근거한 그림양식의 기술가능성에 대한 이론적이며 비판적인 개관을 시도하였다. 관찰자의 심미적 반응에 영향을 미칠수 있다는 점에서 그림양식이 지각적 특징에 의해서 정의될 수 있다고 가정하였다. 분석적 관점에 입각하여 표현의 주제와 양식과 심미적 반응간의 관계가 화가의 그림구성단계에 따라 논의되었다. 그림앙식의 현대적 접근에 대한 비판적 개관에서는, 충실성, 범용성, 체계성, 절약성, 객관성, 독립성의 6개 기준을 적용하여 Arnheim, Wölfflin, Berlyn, 그리고 Moles의 그림양식 기술체계의 적절성을 검토하였다. 이 비판적 개관에서 도출된 결론과 그림양식의 결정 요인으로서 지각적 특징의 중요성에 대한 이론적 가정을 근거로 색, 형태, 깊이, 시점(vantage point)와 관련된 16개의 지각적 특징을 근간으로 하는 하나의 그림양식기술체계를 제안하였으며 두 개의 현대회화를 대상으로 이 체계의 적용가능성을 검토하였다.

A critical and theoretical review on the modern approaches to painting styles and the possibilities of describing them based on perceptual theories was made to develop a model capturing the relationships between painting styles and aesthetic impressions. It is assumed that a painting style can be defined by perceptual features characterizing a painting, to the extent that they affect the viewers' aesthetic responses. With an analytic point of view, relationships between the subject and style of expression and the aesthetic impression were discussed along the presumed stages of conceiving a painting ideation by a painter. In a critical review on modern approaches to painting styles, six criteria of completedness, generality, systematic formulation, parsimony, objectiveness, and independence were applied to investigate the applicability and reliability of Arnheim, Wölfflin, Berlyn, and Moles' systems for describing painting styles. Based on a conclusion derived from this critical review and theoretical propositions for the importance of perceptual features as the determinants of a painting style, a set of 16 perceptual features related to form, color, depth, and vantage point were suggested as a viable system of describing painting styles and its applicability was discussed with a couple of modern paintings.

This paper explores the perceptual learning style, ideal L2 self, and motivated L2 behavior of Chinese, Japanese, South Korean, and Swedish high school students. Guided by Dornyei’s (2005, 2009a) L2 motivational self-system, this quantitative study extends Al-Shehri’s (2009) and Tae-Young Kim’s (2009a) research by reinterpreting the role of perceptual learning styles in the creation of learners’ ideal L2 self and the maintenance of their motivated L2 behavior. The statistical analysis found that learners’ perceptual learning styles (i.e., visual, auditory, and kinesthetic styles) were significantly correlated with their ideal L2 self and motivated L2 behavior. However, the results of the regression analysis indicate that none of three perceptual learning styles were meaningful predictors of motivated L2 behavior. Instead, only ideal L2 self were found to be meaningful predictors of their motivated L2 behavior. The ANOVA results indicate that although the Chinese students were more likely to show motivated L2 behavior than the other students, they showed a significantly lower level of the ideal L2 self than the Swedish students. By focusing on the relationship between learners’ perceptual learning styles and motivated L2 behavior based on the L2 motivational self-system, this study provides evidence that the creation of ideal L2 selves plays a pivotal role in sustaining motivated L2 behavior.

This pilot study investigated the effects of a portable computerized cognitive training system on the visual-perceptual function of stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment. Subjects were twelve stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment, who were assigned to an experimental group (n=6) or a control group (n=6). All subjects were trained in their respective groups for 30 min/day, five times a week, for four weeks. In each session, the experimental group received a portable computerized cognitive training program, and the control group received conventional cognitive training. The Motor-Free Visual Perception-3 (MVPT-3) was used to measure subjects’ visual-perceptual ability. The MVPT-3 total scores for both groups significantly improved after the intervention (p<.05). The total score on the MVPT-3 and the score on the visual short-term memory subcategory of the MVPT-3 significantly improved for the experimental group compared to the control group (p<.05). These findings suggest that the portable computerized cognitive training system might be effective to improve the visual-perceptual function of stroke patients with mild cognitive impairmen

This study compares the net effect of wearing different shoulder/arm armor systems on garment impediment perception and wearer acceptability. Two independent variables in this study were armor systems and shoulder/ arm movements. There were four armor systems of control garment and arm armor systems A, B, and C as well as five types of arm/shoulder movements, (shoulder flexion, should extension, shoulder abduction, shoulder horizontal flexion, and shoulder horizontal extension). Ten male volunteers wearing size medium battle dress uniform (BDU) with recent relevant military experience participated in this study. The volunteers performed shoulder/arm movements (while wearing each armor treatments) and completed the garment impediment perception as well as wearer acceptability scales. The body areas of neck side, shoulder top, and armscye front showed the highest frequency of reported impediments. Resistance to movement and localized pressure were the most frequently mentioned types of impediment. The armor system B had the most areas of impediment, and was rated as more restrictive than the control garment and armor system A for each movement. For wearer acceptability, no significant differences were found between the control garment and armor system A for all eight items; this indicated that subjects did not perceive a difference between wearing the control garment and armor system A. There was a trend for wearer acceptability to decrease from wearing the control garment to armor systems A to C to B.

Although a number of studies concerning the performance of information system (hereafter, IS) have been performed, those in governmental organizations have rarely conducted. Moreover, there were not many that the perceptual level of individuals might have influence on the information system performance actually. This study tried to investigate the causal relationship between personal perceptual level on the operation and performance of IS, as a result of project for public innovation which deployed in a governmental organization. The targeted IS is for task management. Our survey's respondents are real users in a governmental organization. As a result of statistical analysis, the affecting factors, the perceptual level of individuals such as task process standardization, training and system education, and the active participation of manager positively affected system performance. The result of study can provide some implications to the governmental organizations who want to improve the system performance and efficiently operate their own IS for achieving the organizational goals.

Cellular-phone payment system is a new innovating technology emerged in Korea since fool. Previous studies concerning the electronic payment system are usually about the payment process itself, so they focused on the matter such as security or the robustness of the process. The study from the angle of behavioral science seldom exists. This article Identifies which characteristic of the cellular-phone payment service affects to the user status (user, non-users). To do this, we used perceptual 4 characteristics in Roger's Technology Acceptance Model with one additional characteristic-security.

본 연구는 “공직의 전문성 강화를 위한 탐색적 고찰: 전문직공무원 제도를 중심으로”(조태준, 2020)의 후속 연구이다. 본 연구는 규범적 차원에서 전문직공무원 제도의 성과를 연구한 선행연구의 한계를 개선하기 위한 목적으로 조직행태의 차원에서 전문직공무원 제도의 성과를 실증하는 데 초점을 두었다. 전문직공무원 제도의 설계를 위한 기반 연구였던 조태준 외(2016)는 전문직공무원에게 적용되는 인사관리 방식의 차이로 인해 전문직공무원 개인의 긍정적인 행태변화가 나타날 것으로 가정하였다. 본 연구는 혁신행동, 직무몰입, 그리고 심리적 임파워먼트라는 세 가지의 변수에 대한 전문직공무원과 일반공무원의 인식 차이를 비교함으로써 전문직공무원의 긍정적인 행태변화 가능성을 실증하였다. 분석 결과, 전문직공무원은 혁신행동, 직무몰입, 그리고 심리적 임파워먼트라는 변수에서 일반공무원에 비해 통계적으로 유의미한 수준에서 높은 평균값을 보였다. 즉, 조태준 외(2016)가 가정한 전문직공무원 도입에 따른 개인 차원의 긍정적 행태변화 가능성을 실증하였다. 또한, 분석 결과를 근거로 전문직공무원 제도의 함의를 토론하고 향후 확대 필요성을 제안하였다.

This study is a follow-up article titled “Exploratory analysis on strengthening public professionalism: Focusing on institutions for improving public professionalism” (Cho, 2020). To improve the previous study’s limitations concerning the normative approaches, this study focuses on demonstrating how professional civil service system performs in terms of organizational behavior. Cho et al. (2016) posited those differences in the personnel management system, which would improve the positive changes in behavior of professional civil servants when applied to them. Thus, this study confirms the possibility of positive changes in behavior among professional public officials by comparing the differences in the perceptions of professional and public officials relating to three variables: innovative behavior, job involvement, and psychological empowerment. For all the variables, the mean value among professional public officials was higher than that among public officials. In other words, it verifies the possibility of positive behavioral changes at the individual level in accordance with the adoption of the professional civil service system assumed by Cho et al. (2016). Furthermore, we discuss the implications of our research results for the professional civil service system and suggest that expanding the professional civil service system is necessary.

The e-business strategies ultimately Pursue creating the maximal value for customers through the competitive advantages and business opportunities newly created on the basis of information technologies. For the realization of e-business strategies, the successful implementation and operation of e-business system must be the crucial activities in and out of an organization. Therefore, in physical world, there were lots of interests that what kind of key factors can lead the success of e-business system. Moreover, in the field of academia also, there have been many research results for investigating and finding out the key success factors for e-business system. However, the perceptual level of the significance of key success factors that organization members perceive can be changed over each phase of system life cycle such phases as introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. This study investigated that there might be significant differences in the perceptual level regarding importance of success factors among phases of system life cycle.

섬유 패턴 디자인을 체계적이고 객관적으로 기술할 수 있는 도구를 패턴 디자인의 지각적 속성에 기초하여 개발하였다. 세 단계로 이루어진 연구의 첫 단계에서는 패턴 디자인의 단계를 실제 디자인 과정에 기초하여 'PP의 디자인', 'RPU의 디자인', 'RPU의 배열'의 순서로 개념화한 후, 이 데 영역에 걸쳐 30개의 지각적 특징들을 추출하였고, 섬유 패턴 디자인을 충실히 기술할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로 추출된 30개의 지각적 특징들을 'PP의 모양에 의한 돌출성', 'PP의 색채에 의한 돌출성', 'PP들 모양의 다양성'. 'PP들의 변화도', 'PP들 색채의 다양성', 'RPU의 돌출성', 'RPU의 다양성'이라는 7개의 상위 특징으로 수렴시킨 후, 이 7개의 상위특징들을 다시 'PP에 의한 다양성', 'RPU의 돌출성' 'RPU의 다양성'이라는 4개의 최상위 특징으로 수렵시키는 방식으로 위계화 하여 섬유 패턴 디자인 요소 분석체계를 구성하였다. 또한 대표적인 섬유 패턴 디자인에 대한 이 체계의 기술 가능성을 검토함으로써 본 체계를 수정·보완하였다.

>이 연구는 특수교육보조원 제도에 관한 특수아동 학부모와 통합학급 담임교사의 인식 차이를 알아보기 위해 실시한 것이다. 연구 대상은 대구, 경북, 충청남도 지역 초중고등학교 통합학급의 담임교사와 장애학생의 학부모이며, 이들에게 특수교육보조원 제도에 대한 설문지를 작성하도록 하여 특수교육 보조원 제도에 대한 인식 차이 여부를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 특수교육 보조원 자격에 대해서는 통합학급 담임교사와 장애학생 학부모의 인식에 차이가 없었으며, 특수교육 보조원 배치에 있어서는 통합학급 담임교사와 장애학생 학부모의 인식에 일부 차이가 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate perception of the inclusive classes's teachers and parents of children with disabilities on the teacher-aid system. The subjects in this study were 142 inclusive class teachers and 123 parents of children with disabilities. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS ver. 10.0. The findings of the study were as follows; First, most of the inclusive classes' teachers and the parents of students with disabilities had the similar thoughts which the teacher-aids should have educational backgrounds over than college and they considered basic understanding of child education service mind. Seconds, perceptual differences were investigated between the teachers and the parents of children with disabilities in the viewpoint of service management of teacher-aids. These results shows us that they thought the seriousness and the type of disabilities should be considered first.

배경 및 목적: 파킨슨증을 동반하는 특발성 파킨슨병과 소뇌성 다계통위축증은 후두와 조음 기관 간의 협응 능력이 저하되어 우리말 파열음의 평음, 경음, 격음 산출 시 오류를 야기한다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 두 환자군과 정상군의 파열음 산출 양상을 세 가지 조음 위치(양순, 치조, 연구개)에서 세 가지 조음 방법(평음, 경음, 격음)에 따라 음향학적 및 청지각적 측면에서 비교해보고 두 환자군 간의 감별 요인으로 활용할 수 있는 특색은 무엇인지 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 연구대상으로는 특발성 파킨슨병(남:여=5:5, 평균 나이=62.7±9.5세), 소뇌성 다계통위축증 환자군(남:여=5:5, 평균 나이=58.6±3.8세), 정상군(남:여=5:5, 평균 나이=57.5±11.2세) 각각 10명씩 총 30명을 포함하였다. 문장의 어중 초성 위치에서 전체 9개 파열음 /p/, /t/, /k/, /p’/, /t’/, /k’/, /ph/, /th/, /kh/의 폐쇄와 기식 구간의 길이, 폐쇄와 기식 구간의 비율을 살펴보았고, 청지각적 측면에서는 대치 오류 횟수와 그 유형을 분석하여 음향학적 분석과의 연관성을 알아보았다. 결과: 첫째, 폐쇄와 기식 구간 길이는 소뇌성 다계통위축증 환자군이 유의하게 길게 나타나 느린 속도를 보였다. 둘째, 폐쇄+기식 구간에서 기식 구간이 차지하는 비율은 격음에서 특발성 파킨슨병 환자군이 유의하게 길었다. 이에, 기식성이 특발성 파킨슨병 환자군의 파열음 조음에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되었다. 반면, 소뇌성 다계통위축증 환자군은 연구개 경음에서 유의하게 짧은 폐쇄 구간과 긴 기식 구간 비율을 보였다. 셋째, 소뇌성 다계통위축증 환자군은 후두의 개 · 폐 속도가 현저하게 느려 평음을 동일한 위치의 경음 또는 격음화하는 조음 방법 오류가 빈번하였고, 특발성 파킨슨병 환자군은 혀의 움직임이 저하되어 치조 파열음을 연구개 파열음으로 대치하는 조음 위치 오류가 빈번하였다. 논의 및 결론: MSA-C 환자들과 IPD 환자들은 후두 및 조음 기관의 협응에 어려움으로 파열음의 삼중대립 산출에 어려움을 보이기는 하나 그 양상은 서로 달랐다. 또한, 주된 대치 오류 유형 또한 변별 요인이 될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 본 연구는 특발성 파킨슨병과 소뇌성 다계통위축증 환자군의 우리말 파열음의 특성을 객관적 및 주관적 평가를 통해 비교 분석해 보고, 감별 정보로 활용할 수 있는 차이점은 무엇인지 알아보았다는 점에 의의가 있다.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate Korean stop consonant production in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and Multiple System Atrophy-cerebellar variant (MSA-C) in aiding in differentiating the two types of diseases with Parkinsonism in common. Method: We included a total of 30 subjects (M:F=15:15) (10 with IPD, 10 with MSA-C, 10 age-matched normals). The subjects were to produce nine Korean stops, /p/, /p’/, /ph/, /t/, /t’/, /th/, /k/, /k’/, /kh/ embedded in VCV contexts. The speech data were analyzed with the Praat program, and the analyses included length and ratio of closure sections and aspiration sections; speech rate, variability across repeated measurements; and error patterns based on auditory-perceptual evaluation. Results: The MSA-C group demonstrated a significantly longer duration than IPD and normal control groups in closure and aspiration sections in seven and two consonants, respectively. Within the combined closure and aspiration sections, the IPD group showed a significantly higher aspiration duration ratio for all the aspirated consonants /ph/, /th/, /kh/ than MSA-C and normal control groups. The MSA-C group frequently manifested substitution errors of lax consonants with tense or aspirated consonants. The IPD group substituted dental plosives with velar plosives. Conclusion: Difficulty in coordinating between the laryngeal and articulatory gestures in MSA-C and IPD groups is differentially manifested in absolute and relative measures of duration of closure and aspiration segments in stop consonants. In addition, the reduced laryngeal-articulatory movements appeared auditory-perceptually as erroneous substitutions of lax consonants with tense or aspirated consonants. Further studies are warranted to investigate more diverse severities of patients with high volume recruitment.