Earticle

최근 새롭게 제시되고 있는 중요한 패러다임 중 하나는 일상생활 및 산업 전반에서 발생되고 있는 탄소 절감을 통해 환경을 보호하여 미래를 대비하자는 것이다. 이러한 새로운 패러다임을 위해 우리나라도 녹색인증 및 녹색기술의 개발을 장려하고 녹색 성장을 중요한 정책 중의 하나로 채택하여 시행하고 있다. 또한 공공기관 및 기업들은 IT기술을 이용하여 업무 간에 발생하는 탄소절감을 하기 위해 많은 연구 및 계획들을 수립하고 실행에 옮기고 있다. 그 중에서 우리나라는 이러한 그린IT를 위해 세계 최고의 수준이라고 자부하고 있는 IT 분야의 기술력 및 모바일기기 등을 이용하여 여러 부분에서 발생되고 있는 종이 문서들 중 대체가 가능한 부분을 찾아내어 종이 문서를 사용하지 않고 전자문서로 사용하는 곳이 많다. 그러나 금융기관, 공공기관, 극장, 병원 등에서 사용되고 있는 순번발권기에서 발행되고 있는 순번 대기표는 여전히 하루에 수천에서 많게는 수 만장씩 사용되고 있다. 이렇게 발권된 순번 대기표는 거의 모든 양이 바로 버려지고 있고 재활용도 되지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 '저탄소 녹색성장'을 실천하기 위한 그린IT의 사례로서 누구나 흔히 경험하고 있는 기존 순번대기표를 대체하기 위하여 IT 환경에서 보급이 확산되고 있는 QR코드, 그리고 모바일기기를 이용하여 전자문서의 형태를 띤 'Paperless'형 순번 대기표 발행 시스템을 제안한다.

One of the most important paradigms in society has recently been a set of efforts to prepare for the future and to protect the environment by saving carbon that occurs in everyday life as well as in the industry. In order to successfully deal with this new paradigm, Korean government has adopted and implemented various policies including the green certification, the development of green technologies and green growth. Many agencies and organizations in both public and private sectors have established plans about the carbon savings and performed a lot of research using IT technology. For example, attempts have been made in Korea to use as electronic documents instead of paper documents using these green IT and mobile devices. This paper proposes a 'Paperless' waiting order count system using QR code and mobile phone as an example of green IT for 'Low carbon and Green growth'.

본 연구는 기록관리 관점에서 페이퍼리스 사회로의 변화 흐름과 이에 따른 시사점을 분석하고자 한다. 디지털 전환이 본격적으로 진행되면서 페이퍼리스 환경은 기업, 기관 및 개인에게 효율적인 업무환경을 제공하면서도 환경 보호와 자원 절약 측면에서도 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 변화는 기록관리 분야에도 중대한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 이러한 영향을 중점적으로 조명한다. 이에 공공분야에서의 페이퍼리스 동향과 정부 정책을 살펴보고, 페이퍼리스 환경이 기록관리 분야에 미치는 영향과 이에 따른 시사점을 도출하였다.

This study aims to analyze the trend towards paperless society from the records management perspective and the implications arising from it. In this digital era,, the paperless environment not only offers efficient working conditions for businesses, institutions, and individuals but also plays a crucial role in environmental protection and resource conservation. However, these trends have a significant impact on records management. This research primarily focuses on these impacts. In this context, we explored the effects and implications of paperless environment in the records management field by analyzing the paperless trends in public institutions.

Engineering information in the shipbuilding and marine industry should be inevitably modified owing to frequent changes in, for example, customer's requirements and product specifications. Such a working environment caused by a discrepancy in information between engineering and production departments can have inefficient effects on production tasks. In order to perform efficient production tasks, staff in a production department should have easy access to the latest information in engineering. Furthermore, information should be easy and prompt in sharing and searching when needed. In this paper, we propose a development of collaborative system based on mobile framework. This proposed system facilitates its application to the work environment in the shipbuilding and marine industry. Moreover, it particularly saves resources in shipyards such as energy and costs of labor and materials. Mobile techniques, such as XML, SOAP and Android, which have been used in this paper are useful for implementing functions of sharing and searching for information in a distributed environment. The purpose of the system proposed in this paper is to provide system users with a collaborative environment which is based on an online and paperless mobile framework, when different kinds of tasks are required due to changes in engineering information. This proposed system not only can check information in production tasks in real time but also can implement functions based on mobile framework. By reducing the discrepancy in information between the engineering and production departments, this collaborative system can be implemented effectively.

This article relates the understanding electronic Bill of Lading, hereafter e-B/L. and The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities of e-B/L. and this paper analyzes the paper B/L document's nature and evolution of its customary legal functions. The first function of B/L is that B/L attest to the nature and condition of the goods received for shipment by the carrier. B/L functions as receipt of cargo. and B/L functions not only as a function of estimating prima evidence of contract of carriage by sea but also as a document of title. The implementation of e-B/L is difficult because of the function of document of title in B/L. The real e-B/L should be capable of being transferred from one party to another through endorsement and delivery. The use of e-B/L decreases due to the wider use of the Delivery Order and Letter of Guarantee. also, The use of Surrender B/L hinders the diffusion of e-B/L.

Mosts of export/import cargo has been moving using maritime transport means. Korea had been driven the system automation project using EDI document since the mid-1990s. However, this automation system comes upon about 40-50% against overall maritime business process, manual or paper document processing work is existing as ever. International e-business environment also has changing into electronic form document transaction from paper document-based transaction. International standardization organization, UN/CEFACT proposed UNeDocs for paperless jtransaction. UNeDocs is a specification to define XML data model as well as electronic form. With UNeDocs, it is not necessary to generate the duplexed data, and it can support user convenient and guarantee the flexibility. This paper defines the UNeDocs data model for EDI and Off-Line processing at the current maritime business. Then, it have to check XML syntax and structure for the defined data model through quality of document check system. Also, it explains the applying plan about the defined UNeDocs data model. It is possible to support paperless transaction as defining UNeDocs-based standard data model and converting into paper document, XML and EDI document using UNeDocs data model.

점차 종이 서류 기반의 전자거래 방식에서 전자적 메시지를 통한 전자거래 방식으로 업무가 처리되고 있다. 그러나 업무의 특성 상 여전히 종이 서류로 처리해야 하는 경우가 존재하고 있다. 즉 전자 문서를 통해 데이터를 수신받았다 할 지라도 증빙을 위해 사용자는 이와 별도로 종이 서식 문서를 제출해야만 한다. 이에 국제 표준화 기구인 UN/CEFACT은 paperless transaction을 위해 UNeDocs를 제안하였고 종이 서식으로 유통되는 여러 업무에 대해 전자적인 서식 데이터를 정의하고 있다. UNeDocs 기반의 전자 서식 데이터는 데이터 뿐만 아니라 서식 정보까지 포함하고 있으며 이를 바로 출력할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 이로서 이중으로 데이터를 생성할 필요가 없고 표준화된 데이터가 교환됨으로 인해 사용의 편이성을 제공하고 확장성을 보장할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서는 UNeDocs 기반의 데이터 모델을 UN/CEFACT에서 권고하는 방식으로 정의하고 정의된 데이터 모델을 기반으로 다양한 형태로 변환할 수 있는 시스템을 설계하고자 한다. 설계된 시스템을 통해 입력 데이터를 UNeDocs 기반의 데이터로 변환할 수 있게 됨으로 e-비즈니스에서의 paperless transaction을 지원할 수 있게 된다.

IATA(국제항공운송협회)가 국제항공화물운송 분야에서 무서류(Paperless)화의 실현을 위해 현재 추진 중인 e-freight Pilot Project가 실현하게 되면 항공운송업계의 대폭적인 비용절감 뿐 아니라 수송시간의 단축과 정보제공시스템의 개선을 통한 대고객서비스의 향상, 각국 수출입물류 보안요건에의 대응용이, 국제적 e-Commerce 동향에 부응, 그리고 여타 운송서류의 전자화 추진에의 부응 등의 효과가 있을 것으로 보인다. 본 프로젝트의 실현이 매우 기대되는 이유는 다수국에서 국제조약인 MP4의 비준과 발효, AWB 외 모든 관계서류의 전자화 추진, 추진각국 정부의 세관절차 전자화의 급진전, 그리고 본 프로젝트의 추진체계 정비와 참여기관 확대를 들 수 있지만, IATA e-freight 프로젝트 추진상의 문제점과 향후과제 또한 있는 것이 사실이다. 우선 법적인 문제와 과제로서는 국제조약 미비준국에서의 적용문제와 이면약관의 문제가 있고, 기술적인 문제와 과제로서는 메시지 표준의 문제와 데이터의 정확성 문제가 있으며, 운용상의 여러 과제들도 있다. 그러나 본 프로젝트는 대단히 의욕적이며 규모가 큰 국제적인 프로젝트이며, 전자화는 시대의 흐름이어서 그 방향으로 진전될 것임은 틀림없어 보인다. 향후 e-freight가 실현되면 무서류화 패러다임의 적용으로 항공화물 업계의 일대 변혁을 가져오게 될 것이므로, 우리나라의 경우도 운송업계의 정부가 상호 협력하는 바탕위에서 국제적 추세의 부응과 경쟁력 향상을 위해 본 프로젝트에의 적극적인 참여가 요구되고 있다.

A paperless cargo environment is essential for the air cargo industry to reduce costs, improve efficiency, accelerate delivery of goods and improve the overall value proposition to the end customer. It is also important that the industry is compliant with global security and customs requirements. In 2006, IATA launched a project, IATA e-freight, designed to eliminate the need to produce and transport paper documents for air cargo shipments by moving to a more simple, industry-wide, electronic, paper-free environment. E-freight is one of five Simplifying the Business projects being led by IATA to improve service and cut costs. IATA e-freight pilot projects on key trade routes between five countries, scheduled for 2007 implementation 100% e-freight by 2010, where viable. Our country should participates actively in this project for elevation of international competitiveness of airline industry Bueung for international trend and domestic. Our country is going to be chosen to examination country of this project in 2008 by IATA. There is difficult problem of in terms of global forwarder head office is absent in our country. But, because is constructing electron entry system and IT infra that Korea's Customs Administration that achieve very important function of this project already becomes reform, it is a high road very in setting an example country choice. Now, airline company should does shortening and continuous effort that improve various process for curtailment of distribution cost of freight physical distribution time, and prepare actively for e-Freight program. And government authority, airline company, transport company(such as freight forwarders), IT vender etc. may have to prepare actively in whole surface trial of e-freight project in 2010 composing cooperation structure each other.

Purpose － This study investigates the effect of digital trade facilitation, particularly paperless trade implementation, on bilateral trade costs, and examines how this relationship varies depending on institutional quality, proxied by government effectiveness. Design/Methodology/Approach ? The study uses biennial panel data from 2015 to 2023 across 2,152 country pairs. A series of fixed-effects regression models were estimated using the UN ESCAP paperless trade index, cross-border paperless trade score, and overall trade facilitation score as explanatory variables. Bilateral trade cost data was drawn from the World Bank-ESCAP database. Heterogeneity was explored using interaction terms and subgroup analysis based on the median split of government effectiveness indicators. Findings ? Higher levels of paperless trade implementation significantly reduce bilateral trade costs for both exporters and importers. This cost-reducing effect is statistically robust even after controlling for government effectiveness and GDP per capita. While interaction terms with institutional quality are not statistically significant, subgroup analysis reveals that paperless trade implementation are substantially more effective in countries with lower government effectiveness. Cross-border paperless trade and overall facilitation efforts further amplify the cost-reducing effects. Research Implications ? These findings contribute to the trade facilitation literature by quantifying the differentiated effects of digital trade facilitation across institutional settings. The results suggest that digital trade facilitation is not only effective in well-governed environments but also functions as a compensatory policy tool in countries with weaker institutions.

사무실에서의 문서추방, 과연 가능한가? 가능하다면 얼마만큼 빨리, 또 어떤 분야에서부터 가시화될 것인가. 본지는 지난호에 이어 Paperless 환경구축과 그 기술(II)을 연재한다.

In the past, when the credit card was delivered to the customer, the postal agreement and receipt were signed by customer. The repossessed documents were sent back to the card company through the reorganization process. The card company checks the error by scanning and keeps it in the document storage room. This process is inefficient in cost and personnel due to delivery time, document print out, document sorting, image scanning, inspection work, and storage. Also, the risk of personal data spill is very high in the process of providing personal information. The proposed system is a service that receives a postal agreement and a receipt to a recipient when signing a credit card, signing the mobile image instead of paper, and automatically sending it to the card company server. We have designed a system that can protect the cost of paper documents, complicated work procedures, delivery times and personal information. In this study, we developed 'u-paperless' and secure credit card delivery system applying electronic document and security system.

이 글은 권리의 발생， 승계， 행사의 관점에서 전자증권법과 상법의 접점을 검토한 것이다전자증권법을 실제 적용하면서 다음 사항을 입법적으로 보완할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. 먼저 전자등록법상 등록대상인 ‘주식둥’의 범위는 포괄적으로 정할 필요가 있다. 벼까 배제사유와 관련하여 양도성 또는 대체가능성이 없다고 하여 전자등록을 원천적으로 금지할 필요가 있는지 의문이 남는다. 두 번째로 대부분의 주식회λ까 전자등록제도를 이용하게 된다면 주주명부제도 및 회사에대한 대항력 볍리는 폐지하여야 한다고 생각된다. 즉 양도합의+이체기재c}는 양도의 성립요건을 갖추면 곧 회사에 대항할 수 있는 것으로 보는 것이 간명할 것이다. 세 번째로 전자증권법은 주주의 집단적 확인에 관하여 소유자명세제도(제 37조)를， 개별적확인에 대하여 소유자증명서 (저1138조) , 소유내용통지제도(제 40조)를 규정한다. 소유자명세 작성은 통상 발행인의 신청에 따라 이루어지는바 신청사유를 넓게 규정하여도 무방할 것이다한편 소유자증명서， 소유내용통지제도는 기존 주주명부제도와 양립하는 것으로 해석되나‘ 개별적 주주의 지위 확얀방식을 위 소유A)증명서， 소유내용통지제도로 일원화할 필요가 있다. 소유자증명서 및 소유내용통지의 행사 상대방 내지 수령인은 발행인에 한정하는 것이 간명해보인다. 소유자증명서 및 소유내용통지가 이루어진 경우 수반되는 처분제한둥록이 과도한 것은 아닌지 재검토할 필요가 있다마지막으로 초과등록분이 해소되기 이전에 이루어지는 주주권 제한이 큰 불이익을 초래하지 않도록 보완되어야 할 것이고， 전자돋측주식에 대해 유치권을 행사할 수 있도록 근거조문을 도입할 필요가 있다.

Like many other countries the Korean Commercial Ccxle (or KCC) stipulates the importance of physical certificates in share transadions: share certificates show the entitlement of a shareholder and a transfer of shares should be perfeded by physical move of share certificates The dematerialization implies complete abolishment of paper certificates and introdudion of pure electronic transadion system. Unlike the traditional scheme, investors rnay not withdraw paper certificates and issuers rnay not publish physical certificates. For issuers, complete dematerialization shall reduce the costs associated with printing, safekeeping and issuing certificates; it enables issuers to easily identify shareholders and simplifies procedures for corporate adion such as convening shareholders’ meeting. In terms of investors, it will eliminate the risk of loss, forgery or theft of certificates. It will give the investors safer and more efficient way to trade shares. The investors may easily prove and exercise their rights. It benefits intermediaries as well. It will strearruine and accelerate settlement for trades of shares. Also it will reduce the αst satisfying investor's demands, such as, for document showing his status as shareholder. This paper explores recent legislation for dernaterialization in Korea, with special focus upon eledronically-registered shares. The new Ad on the Eledronic Registration of Shares, Bonds, etc. (“Ad'’) has detailed provisions on the creation, transfer and exercise of rights under the eledronic registration system. According to the Ad, shares subjed to new scheme shall be recorded in books of accounts which are opened and rnaintained at intermediaries. An intermediary will carry two separate accounts with the Korea Securities Depository (“KSD"): institutional account, to which shares owned by the intermediary shall be credited: whereas customer account, to which shares it manages for its ultimate investors shall be credited. Eventual goal of materialization is to let all the securities be traded eledronically, but for the soft-landing of dematerialization the bill tried incremental change. A public1y-held corporation should use new scheme. Other than that, issuers may choose to deploy this scheme or a1ternatively to remain in paper-based systern. Once the issuer chose to use the new scheme, it will be prohibited from issuing certificates. Under the new bill, book entry is the only way of transferring securities, and no other requirement is necessary Under new scheme, intermediary and the KSD are only responsible for making book-entry and maintain securities accounts. They have no security interest in the securities they held. The investors have the right to the payment of principa1 and interest on debt securities and the right to receive dividends, vote etc on equity securities. The change from the pooled ownership to undivided ownership seems to be based upon the idea that the approach of undivided ownership is more simple and protedive of ultimate investors. Among various lega1 issues entailing new system, this paper analyzes the relationship between shareholder and company under the Act. Under the traditional jurisprudence of the KCC, each company should prepare and keep a list of shareholders, a list which shows the eligible shareholders of the company. According to KCC, the transfer of shares shall not be asserted against the company, unless the name and address of the transferee have been registered in the shareholders' list. Under the Ad, the role of shareholders' list sha11 be maintained: the eledronic ledgers (i.e. investor ledger + intermediary ledger) managed by the intermediaries and KSD under the new bill shall not replace the company"s shareholders’ list. One of the main argument of this paper, however, inc1ude the abolishment of traditional fundion by shareholders’ list: the eledronic ledgers may well take core role in recognizing the identification of shareholders.

Recently regarding the ownership and proper operational forms of paperless trade infrastructure has become an issue. In this research the structural separation approach, different from the behavioral regulation approach, has been adopted. Following the structural separation, the core e-trade infrastructure which is separated from a vertically integrated provider, can be operated by three different forms such as a private sector; a public sector; finally a consortium among participants. As another option, the separated whole infrastructure including both core and non-core can be operated by a independent private entity. However, this option is not interesting case to us. As the last option, it can be considered that a new wholesale independent company for the separated core-infra can be set up for running. Additionally, three other alternative ways such as accounting separation, division separation, or corporation separation with keeping same ownership are also demonstrated. However the cautious investigation on cost and benefits of vertical separation are strongly recommended by OECD and agrees with the conclusion of this study.

UN/ECE, the Asia Region, under APEC and ASEAN, is making enormous efforts to facilitate Paperless Trading. In this paper, we look back on the implementation process of the paperless trading over the past 20 years. Also, this study has been undertaken in developing countries by reviewing the status of paperless trading and has been studied to provide future direction of paperless trading. Furthermore, this paper examines the Single Window concept and its development in practice over the last 20 years and provide of its development over time. The paper also examines regional trends in Single Window implementation based on a UN/ECE documents issued by various countries such as countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, Middle East and Latin America in the recent years.

정부가 종이 없는 스마트환경을 구축하려는 목적에서 Paperless 2.0을 선언하고 몇 가지 시범사업을 펼치고 있다. 이 가운데 소위 ‘블록체인을 활용한 공공기록물 정보관리를 위한 플랫폼 구축사업’은 블록체인 기술이 갖는 무결성을 통해 공공기록물의 신뢰성을 확보하고 다른 한편으로는 종래 공공기록물의 정보 접근체계의 난맥상에서 오는 시간적·공간적 제약요소를 해결하여 공공기록물 정보관리의 투명성 및 효율성을 제고 하려는 것이다. 그러나 아직 블록체인 기술은 네트워크상의 처리속도나 누적 데이터 증가에 따른 저장 공간 부족 문제 등 기술적으로 개선이 필요함은 물론 공공기록물의 생산에서 보존 및 공개서비스에 이르기까지의 투명성을 확보하고 공공기록 정보관리서비스의 보안성을 유지하기 위한 제도적 정비는 물론 관련 법률과의 상충 문제 등 많은 선결과제가 존재하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 페이퍼리스(paperless) 공공기록물 정보관리를 위한 블록체인 트랜잭션 메타정보 처리 이력에 관한 법적 문제를 검토하고 블록체인 기반 전자기록물 정보관리 시스템 구축을 위한 몇 가지 법적 문제점에 대한 개선안을 제시하고자 하였는바, 기록관리의 4대 원칙인 진본성, 무결성, 신뢰성, 이용 가능성이 보장되기 위해서는 공공기록물 생산부터 영구보존에 이르기까지 표준화된 전자기록물의 정보처리를 관리하는 주체와 책임 주체의 범위를 명확하게 구분하고 부실관리에 따른 손해배상책임을 부여하기 위한 법안 마련이 필요한 상황이다.

he government has declared Paperless 2.0 and is conducting several pilot projects to build a paperless smart environment. Among these, the “Building Platform for Public Record Information Management Using Blockchain” seeks to secure the reliability of public records through the integrity of blockchain technology. On the other hand, it attempts to improve the transparency and efficiency of public records information management by solving the temporal and spatial constraints resulting from the difficulty of accessing the information system of conventional public records. However, blockchain technology still needs technical improvement in terms of processing speed improvement and lack of storage space due to cumulative data increase on the network. In addition, there are many priorities for resolving conflicts with related laws, including the institutional arrangements to ensure transparency from the production of public records to preservation and disclosure services and to maintain the security of public records information management services. In this regard, this study examined legal issues regarding blockchain transaction meta-information for paperless public record information management. In addition, we proposed an improvement plan for some legal problems for building a blockchain-based electronic records information management system. Ultimately, reliable public records information management must ensure authenticity, integrity, reliability and availability. It should also clearly define the scope of the actors and responsibilities that govern the processing of information in standardized electronic records, from public record production to permanent preservation. And it is necessary to prepare legislation to give liability for damages caused by bad management.

수입통관절차는 수입물품과 신고서류 사이의 일치성 여부를 검사하는 절차이다. 관세 법에 의하면 수입신고는 수입신고서라는 문서의 실물 제출을 통해 이루어져야 하나, 무역 규모가 거대해진 현재 관세당국이 모든 수입물품과 수입신고서류 사이의 일치성을 검사 하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하다. 이에 관세당국은 관세행정의 효율성을 도모하고 통관절차를 신속히 하고자 수입신고인 의 자발적인 진실한 신고를 기대하여 서류없는(Paperless) 수입통관제도를 도입하였으며, 현재는 P/L 신고가 수입신고의 원칙적인 방식으로 기능하고 있다. 관세당국은 수입신고인이 수입물품과 신고서 사이의 불일치를 발생할 경우 오류점수를 산정하며, 오류점수가 일정수준에 달하면 수입신고인으로 하여금 P/L 신고를 일정기간 이용할 수 없도록 제재를 가하고 있다. 그런데 본 제재는 수입신고인, 특히 관세사들의 재산권과 영업의 자유를 침해할 뿐만 아니라, 관세당국의 방문점검을 받을 의무를 발생시키는 내용을 갖고 있어 구체적인 법집 행으로서 수입신고인의 권리와 의무에 직접적인 변동을 가져오는 행정처분에 해당할 여 지가 있음에도 불구하고, 관세당국은 줄곧 P/L 신고 정지제재의 처분성을 부정하는 입장 을 고수해오고 있다. 본 논문은 P/L 신고 정지제재의 내용을 검토하여 본 제재가 실질적으로 수입신고인의 재산권과 영업의 자유를 침해하고 침익적 내용의 법적 의무를 부담하게 하므로 이는 행 정처분에 해당하며, 따라서 관세당국은 관련 법령 및 행정규칙에서 명시적으로 수입신고 인이 이에 대해 심사청구나 심판청구로 나아가 그 정당성을 다툴 수 있는 권리구제절차 를 규정하고 집행정지신청 등 권리구제의 실익을 보장할 제도를 마련해 권리구제의 기회 를 열어주어야 한다는 결론에 이르렀다.

The import clearance procedure is the procedure to examine whether the imported goods actually match the import declaration form. According to Customs Law, the import declaration shall be made through the actual submission of the import declaration form. However, it is practically impossible for Customs to inspect all import goods nowadays.36) Thus, Korea Customs Service introduced the Paperless import declaration to facilitate efficiency customs administrative procedure and make the import clearance procedure faster under the premise that the declarant will voluntarily make the import clearance that meets the fact, and currently the Paperless import declaration works as the principle of the import clearance system. Korea Customs Service shall compute an error-score when the declarant make inconsistencies between the import goods and the import declaration form. If the error-score reaches a particular amount, the declarant cannot make an import declaration in the Paperless way for a certain period of time. This restriction infringes on the property right and occupational freedom of the declarant, and imposes a legal duty to be investigated by customs. However, Korea Customs Service has decided that the restriction is not an administrative disposal and rejected the declarant`s administrative appeals. After reviewing whether the restriction is an administrative disposal or not, this article has got the results that Korea Customs Service should recognize it as an administrative disposal and grant the declarant a right to raise of an objection to the disposal.

Paperless trade is a new trade paradigm that has innovated on traditional trade procedures, which relied on manual work in the past, and applied an IT-based e-document standard. To realize paperless trade in Korea, a lot of efforts have been made. Korea has overcome many difficulties, a lack of awareness, trials and errors, etc. at the initial introduction stage and strived to establish a stable infrastructure through the government's policy support and active cooperation with the trade business communities and related organizations. Now, Korea became a well-known leader in IT industry, especially in the paperless trade infrastructure and strategic policies. The one-stop trading system named 'uTradeHub' is operated by a paperless trade service provider, Korea Trade Network(KTNET). uTradeHub includes trade finance and settlement, customs clearance and export and import logistics, improving trading procedures and reducing related expenses. Private-Public joint efforts from Korean government and private sectors which have respectively fulfilled their role and function with market-oriented practical policies and strategies has lead Korea a world leading country in paperless trade. Moreover, Korea expended its efforts to the global areas. Korea has started to activate multi-national paperless trade alliances such as PAA(Pan-Asia e-Commerce Alliance), ASEAL(Asia Europe Alliance for Paperless Trading) as well as established the bilateral cooperative networks with China and Taiwan. The one-stop trading system, uTradeHub should keep close cooperations between nations since trade itself is implemented in a cross-border ways. In the near future, it is expected uTradeHub can achieve best results in the simplification of procedures and cost savings when an international linkage is completely established with international cooperations.