Earticle

The production type of foundry industry is a small quantity batch production methods that require the highly skilled technology in the global competition in the variety of customer needs and directly under the influence of fluctuations characteristic. Therefore suitability for small quantity batch production and flexible production capacity and price competitiveness is needed more than anything. To do this, we need transcription and comprehensive innovation activities to maximize the revenue structure of the organization and field survival foundation should be developed the TPI(Total Profit Innovation) process in all aspects of the organization and all employees are involved in order to create a cost, quality, time, and service part of the overall aim how to achieve those effects within a short period of time. We applied the TPI process for S company in the foundry business innovation and productivity through cost reduction. We will expect the productivity improvement and financial performance improvement and then continually accumulate and review the results.

In the work the energy efficient and thermal aware single-port RAM has been designed to make it more energy efficient using 28 nm Kintex-7 at ambient temperature of 25 ◦C design tool used is Xilinx 14.2 ISE. Frequency scaling approach has been taken to design energy and power efficient RAM. It is done by scaling frequencies from 50GHz to 200 GHz and calculating the Leakage Power, Quiescent Power as well as the Junction Temperature of Single–Port RAM. Leakage Power has been reduced to the range of 9.411% to 3.52%by Frequency Scaling technique, Quiescent Power Consumption in the range 9.33% to 4.00% and Junction Temperature range from 9.39% to 3.33%, IO Power consumption in range of 45.75% to 15.266% for 50GHz frequency and so on, which makes RAM Design energy efficient and thermal aware.

Hyperthermia is the name given to the technique involving selective heating of magnetic particles using high frequency magnetic field. The present paper uses the fact that tumor in the affected area can be removed by heating it up to temperatures, in range of 41ᵒC - 46ᵒC. We propose the power range of 2.75W - 6.5W applied to the magnetic nanoparticles up to time intervals till 10 seconds for a tumor with diameter up to 5cm for its removal. Temperature in the affected area has been studied as a function of magnetic nanoparticle diameter, exposure time of nanoparticles by alternating magnetic field and power.

태양광발전시스템은 다른 재생에너지원과 비교해서 내구수명이 길어 유지점검이 거의 필요 없다고 하지만, 실제 태양광 모듈의 음영 발생, 온도상승, 미스매치, 오염·열화, 태양광 인버터의 고장, 누설전류 및 아크 발생으로 인하여 초기 설계 시에 기대했던 성능이 나오지 않는 경우가 발생한다. 따라서 이러한 시스템의 문제점 해결을 위해 단지 발전 량 및 운전 현황에 대한 조사를 통하여 정성적으로 파악하거나 태양광발전시스템의 성능지수인 성능계수(PR, Performance Ratio)로부터 성능을 비교분석하고 있다. 그러나 큰 손실을 포함하고 있으므로 단지 성능계수만으로 태 양광발전시스템의 성능 저하, 고장 혹은 결한 등의 이상 유무를 정확하게 판단하기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 주변 환경의 변화에 따른 태양광발전시스템 발전량 최적화를 위해 태양광 모듈의 음영 발생, 인버터 고장, 누설 및 아크에 대한 상태 진단 알고리즘을 연구하였다. 또한 연구된 알고리즘을 이용하여 영역별 상태진단과 이에 따른 발전량 최적화 운전에 대 한 실증시험을 통한 결과를 고찰하였다.

It is said that PV power generation systems have a long lifespan compared to other renewable energy sources and require little maintenance. However, there are cases where the performance expected during initial design is not achieved due to shading, temperature rise, mismatch, contamination/deterioration of PV modules, failure of inverter, leakage current, and arc generation. Therefore, in order to solve the problems of these systems, the power generation amount and operation status are investigated qualitatively, or the performance is comparatively analyzed based on the performance ratio (PR), which is the performance index of the solar power generation system. However, because it includes large losses, it is difficult to accurately determine whether there are any abnormalities such as performance degradation, failure, or defects in the PV power generation system using only the performance coefficient. In this paper, we studied a status diagnosis algorithm for shading, inverter failure, leakage, and arcing of PV modules to optimize the power generation of PV power generation systems according to changes in the surrounding environment. In addition, using the studied algorithm, we examined the results of an empirical test on condition diagnosis for each area and the resulting optimized operation of power generation.

Logical Effort의 기법은 회로의 지연 값을 간단한 필산으로 신속하게 측정할 수 있는 기술이다. 이 기법은 설계 공정 시간을 절약하는 장점도 있지만 고정 지연이라는 설계조건에서 회로의 면적이나 전력의 최소화를 도출할 수 있는 논리 경로를 설계하는데 약점도 있다. 이 논문에서는 균형 지연 모형을 제안하고 이 방법을 기반으로 논리경로에서 전력-지연 효율성을 최적화하는 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문의 기법을 사용하여 8-input AND 게이트의 3가지 서로 다른 설계 회로를 모의 시험한 결과 기존 Logical Effort의 기법보다 약 40%정도 전력 소비의 효율성이 향상되었다.

Logical Effort is a simple hand-calculated method that measures quick delay estimation. It has the advantage of reducing the design cycle time. However, it has shortcomings in designing a path for minimum area or power under a fixed-delay constraint. In this paper, we propose an equal delay model and, based on this, a method of optimizing power-delay efficiency in a logical path. We simulate three designs of an eight-input AND gate using our technique. Our results show about 40% greater efficiency in power dissipation than those of Logical Effort method.

The vehicle electric power system, which consists of two major components: a generator and a battery, which have to provide numerous electrical and electronic systems with enough electrical energy. A detailed understanding of the characteristics of the electric power system, electrical load demands, and the driving environment such as road, season, and vehicle weight is required when the capacities of the generator and the battery are to be determined for a vehicle. An easy-to-use and inexpensive simulation program may be needed to avoid the over/under design problem of the electric power system. A vehicle electric power simulator is developed in this study. The simulator can be utilized to determine the optimal capacities of generators and batteries. To improve the expandability and easy usage of the simulation program, the program is organized in modular structures, and is run on a PC. Empirical electrical models of various generators and batteries, and the structure of the simulation program are presented. For executing the vehicle electric power simulator, data of engine speed profile and electric loads of a vehicle are required, and these data are obtained from real driving conditions. In order to improve the accuracy of the simulator, numerous driving data of a vehicle are logged and analyzed.

Logical Effort의 기법은 회로의 지연 값을 간단한 필산으로 신속하게 측정할 수 있는 기술이다. 이 기법은 설계 공정 시간을 절약하는 장점도 있지만 고정 지연이라는 설계조건에서 회로의 면적이나 전력의 최소화를 도출할 수 있는 논리 경로를 설계하는데 약점도 있다. 이 논문에서는 균형 지연 모형을 제안하고 이 방법을 기반으로 논리경로에서 전력-지연 효율성을 최적화하는 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문의 기법을 사용하여 8-input AND 게이트의 3가지 서로 다른 설계 회로를 모의 시험한 결과 기존 Logical Effort의 기법보다 약 40%정도 전력 소비의 효율성이 향상되었다.

Logical Effort is a simple hand-calculated method that measures quick delay estimation. It has the advantage of reducing the design cycle time. However, it has shortcomings in designing a path for minimum area or power under a fixed-delay constraint. In this paper, we propose an equal delay model and, based on this, a method of optimizing power-delay efficiency in a logical path. We simulate three designs of an eight-input AND gate using our technique. Our results show about 40% greater efficiency in power dissipation than those of Logical Effort method.

At present, one of the big characteristics in electric power market in korea is unique seller but in the near future competitions are expected in the market. so additional service for the electric power are expected. Also with development of IT technology, remote inspection for power usage are possible so as consumption pattern analysis. KORAIL is one of the biggest consumer in electric power market so it is necessary to investigate power consumption pattern. This paper presents electric power rate definition program based on billing system database and also basic power rate optimization method. Base on the substation annual power usage DB data, the characteristic of the substation power consumption are investigated and effective electrical billing system are compared each other. Through this program it is verified that we can save more then several hundred million won for a year.

Global warming is accelerating due to the use of fossil fuels that have been used continuously for centuries. Now, humankind recognizes its seriousness, and is conducting research on searching for eco-friendly and sustainable energy. In the field of solar energy, which is a kind of eco-friendly and sustainable, many studies are being conducted to enhance the output performance of the module. In this study, the output improvement for the shingled module structure was studied. In order to improve the output performance of the module, the thickness of the encapsulant was increased, and the lamination process conditions have been improved accordingly. After that, the crosslinking rate was analyzed, and the suitability of the lamination process conditions was judged using this. In addition, a peeling test was conducted to analyze the correlation between the adhesion of the encapsulant and the output performance of the module. Finally, the optimization for the encapsulant material and the lamination process conditions for high-power shingled modules was established, and accordingly, the market share of high-power shingled modules in the solar module market can be expected to rise.

본 논문에서는 6.78 MHz 자기공진방식 무선전력전송 송수신 코일을 최적화하고 이에 따른 시뮬레이션 및 측정 결과를 제시하였다. 전송 효율은 시스템 형태 및 코일 크기 등 다양한 요인에 따라 영향을 받게 되므로 자기 공진형 무선전력전송의 실용화에 있어 코일 구조를 각각 송신용 헬리컬 공진코일과 수신용 평판형 스파이럴 공진코일을 구성하여 부피의 문제점을 최소화하고 원통형 형태의 무선충전형태에 맞게 코일의 크기, 공진기 내의 코일과 코일 간의 거리 등을 결정하였으며, 전자계 시뮬레이션을 통해 이를 확인하였다. 860mm 지름 상판과 600mm 떨어진 기둥의 원통형 구조에 대하여 적용 가능한 무선전력전송 코일을 설계하여 특성을 시뮬레이션하고, 제작하여 특성을 측정하였다. 시뮬레이션 특성은 ${\mid}S_{21}{\mid}$이 -0.53 dB, 효율 88 %, 측정 결과는 ${\mid}S_{21}{\mid}$이 -0.71 dB 로 효율 85 %를 나타내었다.

In this paper, we optimize the wireless power transmission (WPT) coil, and then compare the EM simulation and measurement using magnetic coupling at 6.78 MHz. As transmission efficiency is affected by various factors such as the shape of the system, the size of the coils, the coil structure is proposed to consist of a helical resonant for transmission and a spiral resonant for reception. The size of the coil and the distance between the coils are determined to minimize the volume problem, and the shape of the coil are confirmed by EM simulation. A WPT system is designed with 860mm diameter top plate and cylindrical structure of column spaced 600mm apart, and the characteristics are simulated and measured. The simulation shows that ${\mid}S_{21}{\mid}$ is -0.53 dB with the efficiency of 88%, and the measurement result is that ${\mid}S_{21}{\mid}$ is -0.71 dB with the efficiency of 85%.

The electric power system of a modern vehicle has to supply enough electrical energy for numerous electrical and electronic systems. The electric power system of a vehicle consists of two major components : a generator an a battery. In order to avoid the over or under design problem of the electric power systems, an easy-use and inexpensive simulation program is needed. For this purpose, a vehicle electric power simulator(VEPS) is developed in this study. Empirical electrical models of various generators and batteries, and the structure of the simulation program are presented. For executing the VEPS program, data of engine speed profile and electric loads of a vehicle are required, and these data are acquired from a vehicle during real driving conditions. Numerous driving data of a vehicle are logged and analyzed to improve the accuracy of the simulator. The simulator can be utilized to determine the optimized capacities of the generator and the battery appropriately.

이 연구는 시장에서 작동하는 권력과 정보의 존재와 효과를 보여주기 위해, 권력과 정보에 따라 시장행위가 달라지고 그에 따라 시장성과가 달라짐을 보인다. 생산자와 소비자들은 권력과 정보특성에 따라 전체비교와 국지최적화 중 한 가지를 행한다. 이에 따라 네 가지 유형의 시장이 가능하다. 수리사회학적 접근을 사용한 이 연구에서는 생산자가 국지최적화를 하고 소비자는 전체비교를 하는 해리슨 화이트의 생산시장을, 생산자와 소비자 모두 국지최적화를 행하는 시장과 비교하여 권력-정보의 특성 차이와 그에 따른 시장성과의 차이를 비교한다. 비교 결과 생산자와 소비자가 모두 국지최적화를 행하는 시장에서는, 소비자가 전체비교를 하고 생산자는 국지최적화하는 화이트의 모형과 비교할 때 생산자들의 이익률은 동일하지만 소비자들의 순가치율은 더 높다. 이는 권력-정보의 특성이 시장의 토대를 이루고 있어서 시장행위와 시장성과와 밀접하게 맞물려 있음을 보여주기 때문에 시장의 특성과 결과를 고려할 때 권력과 정보의 차원에 우선 주목해야 함을 의미한다. 다른 사회조직과 마찬가지로, 시장은 행위자들의 순수한 자발적 이익추구 행위에 의해서만 구성되는 제도라기보다는 고유의 권력 특성과 그에 상응하는 정보 역량이 핵심적인 제도이다. 이 연구는 마지막으로 경영전략과 인사조직에 관련되는 함의를 논한다.

The market is often portrayed as the playground for individual actors who seek higher profit but never use power on other actors at all. To this folk image of power-free market, economic sociology has consistently opposed with numerous research findings that show the market is full of social factors such as social relation, culture, social cognition, institutions, and power. One of the most visible and systematic research findings on the market from the sociological point of view is Harrison White’s production market theory. Though his theory of production market shares with other findings a consistent and focused emphasis on the social relational dimensions that are always operative in the market, his work is distinct from other sociological research because of the systematic presentation with a lucid mathematical model. The formal presentation makes the essential traits of the market model clear and coherent, allowing well-illuminated investigations of the theory and providing with useful tools to extend or develop his theory. Drawing on the advantages of his work, this paper critically examines the production market theory and model in order to show that his theory of market is based on a certain power characteristics and information regime, though he did not clarify the central assumptions. The second purpose is to show that the power and information characteristics are integrated with the very base of the market by indicating that the change in the power and information-related characteristics of the production market necessarily bring about variation of market performance of the producers and the consumers. Last, this paper also intends to introduce the sociological theory of the production market, which has not been widely recognized or discussed in Korea. The Production Market Theory, A Sociological Point of View According to White, the production market is a social structure, where producers are deeply embedded in the flow of resource and cognition, and are given their locus by structural equi- valence with other producers, solve the problem of information uncertainty by paying attention to the signals flowing out from the whole array of producers with different quality indices. The array is actually the market schedule which the structurally equivalent producers have historically maintained for years or decades. The market schedule is socially constructed by the multiple producers who have different quality indices and thus different production volumes in the past. Every producer in the market expects other producers to maintain the quality and production volume position, and also are expected to do the same. In this sense, the production market is a role structure. Based on the institutional ground, the producers maximize profit by choosing proper production volume. On the other hand, the consumers are modelled as an aggregate who know the value of each producer’s product, compare globally all the producers’ ratios of value to expenditure, and demand the ratio to be the same, though they cannot optimize the value locally, i. e. near the production volume of the previous period which is determined by the producer’s quality index. Power and Information-Related Characteristics of the Market Harrison White has not theorized the power and information-related characteristics of the different market strategies of the producers and the consumers. However, a careful investigation clearly shows that the different market strategies of the actors are result of the actors’ power and information-related positions. To theorize this aspect, this paper classifies the market strategies into local optimization and global comparison. Producers optimize their behavior, but only locally. Consumers can compare the value ratios to expenditure globally, or over the whole market, but cannot optimize the ratio locally. In this sense, White’s production market is a pair of local optimization by the producers and global com...

How effectively a wind farm captures high market prices can greatly influence a wind farm's viability. This research identifies and creates an understanding of the effects that result in various capture prices (average revenue earned per unit of generation) that can be seen among different wind farms, in the current and future competitive SMP (System Marginal Price) market in South Korea. Through the use of a neural network to simulate changes in SMP caused by increased renewables, based on the Korea Institute of Energy Research's extensive wind resource database for South Korea, the variances in current and future capture prices are modelled and analyzed for both onshore and offshore wind power generation. Simulation results shows a spread in capture price of 5.5% for the year 2035 that depends on both a locations wind characteristics and the generations' correlation with other wind power generation. Wind characteristics include the generations' correlation with SMP price, diurnal profile shape, and capacity factor. The wind revenue cannibalization effect reduces the capture price obtained by wind power generation that is located close to a substantial amount of other wind power generation. In onshore locations wind characteristics can differ significantly/ Hence it is recommended that possible wind development sites have suitable diurnal profiles that effectively capture high SMP prices. Also, as increasing wind power capacity becomes installed in South Korea, it is recommended that wind power generation be located in regions far from the expected wind power generation 'hotspots' in the future. Hence, a suitable site along the east mountain ridges of South Korea is predicted to be extremely effective in attaining high SMP capture prices. Attention to these factors will increase the revenues obtained by wind power generation in a competitive electricity market.

전통적으로 임베디드 장비에서는 단순한 펌웨어 수준의 운영체제를 사용해 왔다. 그러나 최근 하드웨어 성능의 향상과 이에 따른 사용자들의 다양한 요구사항을 만족시킬 수 있도록 범용 운영체제인 리눅스를 사용하고 있는 임베디드 장비들이 활성화되고 있다. 리눅스를 운영체제로 사용하는 경우 확장성, 범용성, 이식성 등의 장점이 있지만 리눅스의 이식성을 고려한 설계로 인한 복잡성의 증가로 인한 오버헤드가 존재한다. 대다수의 임베디드 시스템에서 전원이 인가된 후 필요한 기능을 정상적으로 수행하기까지의 시간을 최소화하는 것은 필수적인 요구사항이기 때문에, 이들 특성은 임베디드 장비에서는 불필요할 수 있으며 적절히 재구성 또는 제거되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 Corelogic사의 CLM9722 DTK를 대상으로 하여 알려진 소프트웨어 최적화 기법을 리눅스 부팅 각 단계에 적용, 결과를 측정함과 동시에 하드웨어 종속성으로 인한 범용 프레임워크 내의 최적화 제약사항에 대하여 연구하였다. 결과적으로 장비 전원 인가 후 부팅 시간을 약 33% 정도 단축할 수 있었다.

Conventionally embedded devices used simple operating system (OS); however, the number of embedded devices using Linux as OS is increasing to keep up with hardware's performance improvement and customer's various needs. While embedded devices using Linux can take advantage of expandability, generality, portability, Linux's flexibility nature may cause undesirable overheads because of its increased complexity. One such overhead makes boot stage optimization essential in most embedded systems, where many features are redundant and possible to be removed or reconfigured. This paper applies well-known software optimization technique for Linux's boot stage to an CLM9722 DTK, measures the results, and studies about limitation of such techniques from hardware dependancy on the standard framework of Linux. The booting time from power-on until completion were decreased by 33% approximately.