Earticle

본 연구는 대학생의 정신건강과 이야기 그림 검사(DAS) 반응 특성 간의 관계를 분석하고, 이야기 그림 검사 (DAS)에 색채와 변형을 추가하여 분석함으로써, 대학생의 정신건강 사정 도구로서 이야기 그림 검사(DAS)의 색채와 변형의 유용성을 파악하기 위한 예비연구다. 연구 대상은 20∼24세의 국내 남녀 대학생 15명이었으며, 측정도구로는 한국판 일반 정신건강 척도(KGHQ-30)와 이야기 그림 검사(DAS) A형을 사용하였다. 이야기 그림 검사(DAS) 분석의 채점자 간 일치도를 검증하기 위하여 연구자 3인의 교차검증을 실시하였고, 한국판 일반 정신건강 척도(KGHQ-30)의 기준에 따라 일반군, 경계군, 위험군의 세 집단으로 나누어 집단별 자극 그림의 선택 경향과 반응 특성, 색채 및 변형을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선택 경향과 반응 특성에서 각 집단이 독특한 양상을 보였다. 일반군은 ‘면사포를 쓴 여인’, ‘고양이’ 카드가 가장 많이 선택되었고, 경계군은 ‘낙하산’과 ‘카우보이’ 카드가 선택되었으며, 위험군은 ‘담배를 문 남자’ 카드가 자극 그림으로 가장 많이 선택되었다. 둘째, 자극 그림의 채색 여부에 따라 각 집단마다 고유한 특성이 관찰되었다. 일반군의 경우 9명 중 6명이 다양하고 다채로운 색 표현을 하였고, 경계군은 채색을 하지 않았으며, 위험군의 경우 색이 그림에 서 차지하는 비율이 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 자극 그림의 변형 여부에 있어 집단 간 뚜렷한 구분은 없었다. 일반군의 경우 9명의 참여자 중 8명이 그림을 모두 변형하였고, 경계군은 변형을 하지 않았으며, 위험군의 경우 5명 모두 변형을 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존 이야기 그림 검사(DAS) 도구에서 다루지 않았던 변형과 색채를 분석하 여, 채색 영역에서 의미 있는 결과를 도출하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

This study is a preliminary investigation to determine the utility of color and modification of the Draw-a-Story(DAS) as a mental health assessment tool for college students by analy zing the relationship between mental health and response characteristics on the Draw-a-St ory(DAS) and adding color and modification to the DAS. The study included 15 Korean male and female college students aged 20 to 24 as participants, utilizing the Korean version of the General Health Questionnaire (KGHQ-30) and Draw-a-Story Type A(DAS-A) as measur ement tools. To verify the Inter-rater reliability of the DAS analysis, cross-validation was conducted by three researchers. Based on the criteria of the KGHQ-30, participants were divided into three groups: the normal, borderline, and at-risk to analyze the selection tende ncy, response characteristics, colors and modification of stimulus pictures by group. The results of this study are as follows. First, each group showed distinct patterns in selection tendencies and response characteristics. The normal group predominantly selected the card s "woman wearing a veil" and "cat", while the borderline group chose the cards "parachute" and "cowboy", and the at-risk group favored the card "man smoking a cigarette" as the stimulus picture. Second, unique characteristics were observed in each group depending on whether the stimulus pictures were colored or not. In the normal group, 6 out of 9 participants had a variety of colorful representations, whereas the borderline group did not use any colors, and the at-risk group had a low proportion of color representation in the pictures. Third, there was no clear distinction between groups regarding modification of pictures. Among the participants, 8 out of 9 in the normal group modified all the pictures, none of the borderline group modified the pictures, and all 5 participants in the at-risk grou p made modifications. This study contributes to the understanding of mental health by analy zing modification and color aspects not previously explored in the traditional DAS tool.

The objective of this study is to propose the principle and method of the spatial system modification for the compatibility of habitability and tourism convenience in cultural property villages. Based on the field survey on tourists' routes, activities and their durations in Oeam-maeul, the problems of conflict, between habitability/residents and tourism/tourists, and their causes are analyzed. And the modification principle and method of spatial system is proposed as follows; The basic principle of the spatial system modification is to respect the traditional hierarchy in village roads, between the main road and sub-roads, and the territoriality of settlement space that is typically differentiated as the social, individual, and ceremonial domains, from the front to rear part of settlement. With this principle, it is recommended to restrict the tour route to one that is composed of the main road and the periphery road of housing area, and some connecting sub-roads. based on the surveyed tourists’s routes. And it is suggested that the tourist facilities, whether they are existing houses or newly built buildings, and the tourist programs are necessary for experience tourism to cultural property villages, and they are proposed to be placed along the restricted tour route.

Thin-film shape technology is recognized for its core technology to enhance the technology of LCD, PDP, semiconductor manufacturing processes, hard disks and optical disks, and is widely used to form coated thin films of products. In addition, resistance (electron beam filament) technology for heating is used to manufacture filament for ion implants used in semiconductor manufacturing processes. By establishing an electronic beam filament production system and developing seven specifications of electronic beam filament, it is contributing to improving trade dynamics and increasing exports to Japan through localized media of theoretical imports to domestic companies. In this study, CAE analysis was performed after setting electron beam filament specification and development objectives, facilities and fabrication for electron beam filament production, electron beam filament JIG & fixture design and fabrication followed by electron beam filament prototype. Then, the automation and complete inspection equipment of the previously developed electronic beam filament manufacturing facilities was developed and researched to mass-produce them, to analyze and modify prototypes, design and manufacture automation facilities, and finally, to design and manufacture the complete inspection equipment. In this paper, analysis and modification of prototypes of electron beam filaments for mass production were dealted with.

Purpose: Meager research has been carried out to determine the effectiveness of the token economy among patients behaving violently in mental hospitals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Short-Term Token Economy (STTE) on violent behavior among chronic psychiatric in-patients. Methods: A nonequivalent control group design method was utilized. Participants in an experimental group (n=22) and control group (n=22) took part in this study from January to April, 2008. Observation on aggressive behavior among male in-patients in one hospital as a baseline was made during the week before the behavior modification program and measurement of aggressive behavior was done using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS), which includes verbal attacks, property damage and physical attacks. Results: The aggressive behavior scores of the experimental group decreased, those of the control group, scores showed an increase after the eight-week behavior modification program utilizing STTE. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that STTE is effective in reducing the incidence of aggressive behavior among male in-patients in psychiatric hospitals. The outcome of this study should be helpful in reducing the use of coercive measures or psychoactive medication in controlling the violent behavior among in-patients in hospitals.

The study is to find possibilities and problems of a small-scale modification on movable storage furniture as an answer to the residents' needs. The study selected one of the renovated housing units at "KYUDOGAKUSHA" as a case study. "KYUDOGAKUSHA" was designed by architect Takeda Goichi in 1926 and was renovated in 2006. The study investigates major two aspects of movable storage furniture, which includes the furniture's layout planning and technical issues of assembling and moving moveable storage furniture. The experimental test result shows that, 1) It is clear that island type of movable storage furniture's layout can facilitate the residents'small-scale modification even though the residents are untrained. 2) To increase the assembling efficiency, the study found that it is necessary to improve the movable storage furniture's casters so that furniture can rotate. Certain moveable furniture which played a role as a connector between other furniture pieces was not able to move vertically and caused a load on other connected furniture; this needed an improvement.

Background: This study provides development guidance to manufacturers of gochujang to optimize its appeal among UK consumers. Preliminary studies focused on consumer attitudes toward the traditional product and decided on the development of a new ethnic product concept. It was concluded that the modified product should be positioned in the narrow speciality/oriental accompaniments retail category as a distinctive, premium, and regionally authentic table sauce. A structured approach to consumer research was used to investigate consumer acceptability and preferences. This paper describes how these methods were used to optimize the product in terms of market positioning and use. Methods: Two principal approaches were used in the study: (1) a choice-based conjoint test to consider options in terms of packaging, design, pricing, product descriptions and attributes; and (2) a home placement test to explore the relative appeal of the sensory properties of two product variants and their potential applications. Results: Across all six attributes assessed in the conjoint study (n = 676), the sensory properties of the product (43%) followed by brand (24%) were the most important attributes in driving preference. Price (12%) and country of origin (11%) were the next most important, with packaging size and material at 6% and 5%, respectively, being least important. From the home placement study (n = 58), the proposed products were aligned with consumers' existing consumption behaviors. However, it was evident that the products segmented consumer response due principally to their hotness. Conclusion: While reducing the hotness of the product has the potential to broaden appeal, this could erode its positioning as a distinctive, premium product with authentic flavors appealing to a specific market segment. Retaining the modified gochujang flavor profile but linking to an established UK speciality sauce brand may offer the most effective platform to enter the UK market.

Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm has attracted significant interests recently for solving the multivariate optimization problem. However, it still faces insufficiency of slow convergence speed and poor local search ability. Therefore, in this paper, a modified ABC algorithm with bees' number reallocation and new search equation is proposed to tackle this drawback. In particular, to enhance solution accuracy, more bees in the population are assigned to execute local searches around food sources. Moreover, elite vectors are adopted to guide the bees, with which the algorithm could converge to the potential global optimal position rapidly. A series of classical benchmark functions for frequency-modulated sound waves are adopted to validate the performance of the modified ABC algorithm. Experimental results are provided to show the significant performance improvement of our proposed algorithm over the traditional version.

The address resolution protocol (ARP) provides dynamic mapping between two different forms of addresses: the 32-bit Internet protocol (IP) address of the network layer and the 48-bit medium access control (MAC) address of the data link layer. A host computer finds the MAC address of the default gateway or the other hosts on the same subnet by using ARP and can then send IP packets. However, ARP can be used for network attacks, which are one of the most prevalent types of network attacks today. In this study, a new ARP algorithm that can prevent IP spoofing attacks is proposed. The proposed ARP algorithm is a broadcast ARP reply and an ARP notification. The broadcast ARP reply was used for checking whether the ARP information was forged. The broadcast ARP notification was used for preventing a normal host's ARP table from being poisoned. The proposed algorithm is backward compatible with the current ARP protocol and dynamically prevents any ARP spoofing attacks. In this study, the proposed ARP algorithm was implemented on the Linux operating system; here, we present the test results with respect to the prevention of ARP spoofing attacks.

Despite the increasing need to investigate the efficacy of attentional bias modification for pain (ABM-P) in pain-related situa- tions and organize the accumulating research, only a few systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted so far. This study aimed to confirm the clinical efficacy of ABM-P and to integrate the existing literature. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the literature through PubMed, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane library, Springer, and Pro- Quest and also conducted a manual search. A total of 549 works were identified. Eleven articles (12 studies) were included in the systematic review, and meta-analysis was conducted with six articles (seven studies). These results demonstrate that ABM-P is effective in alleviating pain intensity. The effect of the ABM-P was inconsistent regarding emotion and attentional bias. This inconsistent finding implies that ABM-P has a partial effect on emotion and attentional bias.

There have been various loss functions proposed to improve the training of neural networks with sigmoid activation output nodes. For neural networks with softmax activation output nodes, the cross-entropy loss function is commonly used for training and several attempts have been made to improve the performance of such networks by modifying the standard cross-entropy loss. However, rather than simply aiming to improve overall classification accuracy, it is often necessary to address misclassification costs differently depending on their real-world importance. In practice, the cost of errors can vary greatly across domains such as finance, security, insurance, and healthcare. From this perspective, this paper proposes a modified cross-entropy loss function designed to control the training of neural networks with softmax output nodes. The effectiveness of the proposed loss function is demonstrated through simulations on the CEDAR handwritten digit recognition task, showing that classification performance can be adjusted according to the order of the modified loss function. This approach will serve as the basis for designing a novel cost-sensitive learning method tailored to neural networks with softmax outputs.

Purpose This paper describes the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle modification program (CLMP) on glycemic control and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study was performed from October 2003 to April 2005, and used an experimental design with random assignment. The experimental group (n = 25) received CLMP for 4 months and follow-up sessions for 9 months. CLMP included nurse-led education on exercise and diet, and counseling on stress management and self-monitoring of their diabetic health. The control group (n = 23) received a 1-hour educational session on diabetic diet at the beginning of the study. Glucose level and body composition were measured in both groups a total of five times: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months post intervention. Results Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels between the two groups (both p < .05). Both groups demonstrated statistically significant changes in body composition over time, but there was no significant difference in the pattern of change between the two groups. Conclusion CLMP is a useful program, and its multiple approaches by nurses as the leaders and coordinators appear to have positive and synergistic roles in improving and maintaining stable glucose level and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Home Exercise Program (HEP) on upper quarter posture and postural stability in older adults with faulty upper quarter posture. Design: A single group pretest-posttest study Methods: Nineteen participants aged 65 to 79 years including 13 females and 6 males with mean ±SD age of 72.7±3.4 years were recruited. During pre-intervention and post-intervention data collection sessions participants' forward head angle (FHA) and forward shoulder angle (FSA) were assessed using craniovertebral angles. Static balance was measured under six conditions using the Bertec Computerized Dynamic Posturography. Following pre-intervention assessment participants were asked to complete an 8-week HEP that included chin tuck and scapular retraction exercises. They also received guidance on behavioral modification strategies and were sent daily text reminders to encourage adherence to the program and to help maintain proper body posture throughout daily activities. Results: When assessing changes in balance over time (post versus pre), there was a significant increase in the composite score of the balance (74.4 ± 14.5 versus 71.4 ± 14.2; p=0.006). In addition, there was a significant decrease in mean FHA (48.3 ± 8.4 versus 51.2 ± 8.5; p=0.002). However, there was no significant change in mean FSA over time (48.3 ± 8.4 versus 51.2 ± 8.5; p=0.92). Conclusion: HEP completion demonstrated improved upper quarter posture and postural stability in older adults with faulty upper quarter posture.

Data hiding is a wide field that is helpful to secure network communications. It is common that many data hiding researchers consider improving and increasing many aspects such as capacity, stego file quality, or robustness. In this paper, we use an audio file as a cover and propose a reversible steganographic method that is modifying the sample values using modulus function in order to make the reminder of that particular value to be same as the secret bit that is needed to be embedded. In addition, we use a location map that locates these modified sample values. This is because in reversible data hiding it needs to exactly recover both the secret message and the original audio file from that stego file. The experimental results show that, this method (measured by correlation algorithm) is able to retrieve exactly the same secret message and audio file. Moreover, it has made a significant improvement in terms of the following: the capacity since each sample value is carrying a secret bit. The quality measured by peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and Similarity Index Modulation (SIM). All of them have proven that the quality of the stego audio is relatively high.

Passion fruit fiber pectin gels represent a new alternative pectin source with potential for food and non-food applications on a commercial scale. Pectic polysaccharides were extracted from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) fiber using citric acid as a clean catalyst and autoclaved for 20 to 60 min at $121^{\circ}C$. The best condition of pectin yield with the highest molecular weight was obtained with 1.0% of citric acid (250 mg/g dry passion fruit fiber pectin) for 20 min of autoclaving. Spectroscopic analyses by Fourier transform infrared, enzymatic degradation reactions, and ion-exchange chromatography assays showed that passion fruit pectin extracted for 20 min was homogeneous high methoxylated pectin (70%). Gel permeation analysis confirmed that the pectin extract obtained by autoclaving by 20 min showed higher molecular weights than those autoclaved for 40 and 60 min. Passion fruit pectin extracted for 20 min was enzymatically modified with fungal pectinmethylesterase to create restructured gels. Short autoclave treatment (20 min) with citric acid as extractant resulted in a significant increase of gel strength, improving pectin extraction in terms of functionality. The treatment of solubilized material (pectic polysaccharides) in the presence of insoluble material (cellulose and hemicellulose) with pectinmethylesterase and calcium led to the creation of a stiffer passion fruit fiber pectin gel, while syneresis was not observed.

K. Nyberg and L.R. Knudsen showed a prototype of a DES-like cipher$^{[1]}$ which has a provable security against differential cryptanalysis. But in the last year, at FSE'97 T. Jakobsen ane L.R.Knudsen broked it by using higher order differential attack and interpolation attack$^{[2]}$ . Furthermore the cipher was just a theoretically proposed one to demonstrate how to construct a cipher which is procably secure against differential cryptanalysis$^{[3]}$ and it was suspected to have a large complexity for its implementation.Inthis paper the two improved results for the dfficidnt hardware and software implementation.

Socially anxious individuals tend to disqualify positive social outcomes by attributing such outcomes to others rather than themselves. Previous research suggests that this tendency is a potentially important target of intervention. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the efficacy of cognitive bias modification (CBM) on attribution bias related to positive social outcomes among socially anxious individuals. A total of 159 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to the CBM or placebo group. Based on their level of social anxiety, participants were subsequently classified into either the high (n= 75) or low social anxiety groups (n= 18). Results showed that CBM was effective in reducing attribution bias related to positive social outcomes in socially anxious individuals. Social anxiety symptoms also diminished after the intervention. The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence regarding the efficacy of CBM for reducing attribution bias related to positive social outcomes and social anxiety

Objective To investigate and compare the effect of low-dye taping (LDT) and figure-8 modification of LDT (MLDT) on peak plantar pressure and heel pain in patients with heel pad atrophy. Methods There were reviewed 32 feet of 19 patients who have been diagnosed with heel pad atrophy who were enrolled in this study. The patients were diagnosed with heel pad atrophy with clinical findings, and loaded heel pad thickness measured by ultrasonography. At the first visit, patients were taught how to do LDT and MLDT. They were instructed to do daily living with barefoot, LDT and MLDT at least one time per day. Patients performed pedobarography with barefoot, LDT and MLDT within 2 weeks. The severity of heel pain was also checked with the visual analogue scale (VAS) during daily living with barefoot, LDT and MLDT. Results VAS of hindfoot were significantly decreased after LDT and MLDT (p<0.01). Peak plantar pressure under hindfoot were also decreased after LDT and MLDT (p<0.01). The effect of MLDT in decreasing peak plantar pressure of hindfoot (p<0.01) and pain relief (p=0.001) was better than the effect of LDT. Conclusion The LDT technique is clinically useful for pain management and reducing peak plantar pressure of hindfoot in patients with heel pad atrophy. MLDT is more effective than LDT in reducing peak plantar pressure and heel pain in patients with heel pad atrophy.

This paper discusses a dc motor equipped electric power steering (EPS) system and demonstrates its advantages over a typical hydraulic power steering (HPS) system. The tire-road interaction torque at the steering tires is calculated using the 2 d.o.f. bicycle model, in other words by using a single-track model, which was verified with the J-turn test of a real vehicle. Because the detail parameters of a steering system are not easily acquired, a simple system is modeled here. In previous EPS systems, the assisting torque for the measured driving torque is developed as a boost curve similar to that of the HPS system. To improve steering stiffness and return-ability of the steering system, a third-order polynomial as a torque map is introduced and modified within the preferred driving torques researched by Bertollini. Using the torque map modification sufficiently improves the EPS system.