Earticle

본 연구는 도구를 이용한 연부조직 가동술(IASTM)과 도수 근막이완술(MFR)이 위팔두갈래근의 근활성도에 미치 는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 본 연구는 20대 성인 남녀 10명을 대상으로 하였고, 모든 대상자는 3일 동안 실험 에 참석하여 위팔갈래근의 근활성도를 측정하였다. 첫 날은 중재 전 근활성도 값을 측정하였고, 남은 이틀은 임의의 순서 로 각각의 수기요법을 중재 후 근활성도를 측정하였다. 모든 근활성도 값은 대응t검정과 독립t검정을 통해 비교 분석되 었다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 두 중재(IASTM, MFR) 모두 중재 전후로 유의하게 위팔두갈래근의 근활성도가 증가하였 고, 중재 후 집단간 근활성도 값의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 두 수기요법(IASTM, MFR) 모두 신경근 조절 능력의 증진에 효과적임으로 사료된다.

This study investigates the effects of instrument-assisted soft mobilization (IASTM) and manual myofascial release (MFR) on the muscle activity of the biceps brachii. This study was conducted on 10 men and women in their 20s, and all subjects participated in the experiment for 3 days and measured muscle activity of the upper forearm muscles. On the first day, the muscle activity value was measured before the intervention, and the remaining two days were measured for muscle activity after the intervention of each manual therapy in a random order. All muscle activity values were compared and analyzed through the dependent t test and the independent t test. The before and after comparison of muscle activity values before and after each intervention was verified by performing the dependent t test and comparing the values of muscle activity between groups between each intervention after intervention by performing an independent t test. According to the results of this study, both interventions significantly increased muscle activity of the biceps brachii before and after intervention, and there was no significant difference in muscle activity values between groups after intervention. Therefore, both manual therapy (IASTM, MFR) are thought to be effective in improving neuromuscular control ability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of post-partum women and to examine the effects of postpartum exercise and MFR on their physical recovery. To verify the effectiveness of the treatment, postpartum mothers with low back pain were given postpartum exercise and MFR for 90 minutes twice a week for seven days after giving birth. The data that were collected pertained to visual edema and pain scale, blood pressure and heart rate, leg length and abdominal circumference, pelvis tilt, and a self-report questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program. As a result, there was a significant difference in visual edema and pain scale, abdominal circumference, left pelvic tilt and right pelvic tilt (edema p<.05; pain p<.001; abdominal circumference p<.001; left pelvic tilt and right pelvic tilt p<.05) in the interaction between time-group and post-satisfaction also showed high scores in six items. It was confirmed that postpartum exercise and MFR were positive effects on the physcial recovery of postpartum mothers, and if used as a postpartum care program, it would contribute to the improvement of the mother's health care.

本论文旨在了解产褥期产妇的特性，适用MFR确认产后运动对产褥期产妇的身体恢复产生的影响，用于日后 护理调养产妇的重要参考依据。以伴有浮肿和骨盆疼痛的产褥期产妇为对象，以每周2次运动频率进行为期6周 的产后运动实验，其中每次运动时间为90分钟。另外，适用MFR，对实验前后的浮肿及疼痛程度、血压及心跳次 数、腿长和腰围、骨盆倾斜度等身体变化和满意度进行问卷调查，并对收集的资料通过SPSS22.0软件进行了分 析。分析结果显示，浮肿及疼痛程度、腰围、左右侧骨盆倾斜度产生了变化（浮肿 p<.05; 疼痛 p<.001; 腰围 p<.001; 左右侧骨盆倾斜度 p< .05），而且参与实验的产妇对产后运动的满意度也呈现出较高的水平。由此可 见，产后运动和MFR对产妇的身体恢复有着积极的效果，今后纳入产后管理项目，将有助于增进产妇的健康。

Active electronically scanned array (AESA) multi-function radars (MFRs) comprise numerous transmit/receive modules (TRMs) whose maximum temperature and temperature uniformity must be tightly controlled. This study proposes a new liquid-cooling-plate flow-channel design for an X-band AESA MFR: a two-layer straight channel incorporating multiple fins irregularly spaced along the flow channel. The proposed design (Type-4) is compared with three baseline channel designs. At the same coolant flow rate, Type-4 reduces the TRM maximum temperature by 28.2 K and the maximum inter-module temperature difference by 19.7 K relative to Type-1. However, the pressure drop increases by 726% because of the added internal surfaces and fins which are flow obstructions. A comprehensive thermo-hydraulic comparison, including pumping power criteria, is conducted over multiple flow-rate conditions. Overall performance was highest for Type-4, followed by Type-2, Type-3, and Type-1. When designs achieve similar maximum temperature and temperature difference with various coolant flowrate condition, Type-2 requires 83.6% less pumping power than Type-1, and Type-4 requires 33.8% less pumping power than Type-2.

The probability of detection and the accuracy of a measurement are determined by the available SNR ratio and hence by the energy used for illuminating the target. Also, increasing the rate of illumination of a target allows obtaining less uncertain predictions. A high energy burst and a high illumination rate are desirable from the tracker's accuracy point of view. However they negatively affect the transmitter beam occupancy budget and therefore they are undesirable from the point of view of the radar's ability to deal with multiple targets. Hence, tracker parameters (including track illumination rate and dwell-time or burst energy) should be designed to satisfy a double objective such as minimum beam occupancy, which will give maximum efficiency in the use of radar's energy and maximum beam scheduling effectiveness (shorter pulses, reduced dwell-time)-desired tracking accuracy. In this paper we presented a new approach to optimally select both the energy of the tracking waveforms and the track sampling rates which jointly minimize occupancy and satisfy angular accuracy requirements for a MFR with an tracking filter.

과거의 레이다는 임무 특성에 맞게 사격통제레이다, 탐지레이다, 추적레이다, 영상획득 레이다 등으로 구분되어 운영해왔다. 하지만 다기능 레이다는 표적 탐지, 추적, 피아식별, 재머 탐지 및 대응 등 단일 시스템 안에서 다양한 임무 를 수행한다. 때문에 한정된 자원으로 다기능 레이다를 운용하기 위한 효율적인 자원관리는 필수적이다. 특히 탐지된 표적의 추적을 위한 표적 위협도와 이를 바탕으로 추적주기를 선정하는 방법은 중요한 이슈다. 위협표적을 집중으로 추 적하다보면 다른 영역에서 탐지된 표적을 효율적으로 관리할 수 없고 탐지에 집중을 하면 추적성능이 저하될 수 있다. 때문에 효과적인 스케줄링이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 다기능 레이다 스케줄링 방안인 TaP(Time and Priority)알고 리즘과 이를 구성하기 위한 소프트웨어적 설계 방법에 대해 제안한다.

In the past, radars have been classified into fire control radars, detection radars, tracking radars, and image acquisition radars according to the characteristics of the mission. However, multi-function radars perform various tasks within a single system, such as target detection, tracking, identification friend or foe, jammer detection and response. Therefore, efficient resource management is essential to operate multi-function radars with limited resources. In particular, the target threat for tracking the detected target and the method of selecting the tracking cycle based on this is an important issue. If focus on tracking a threat target, Radar can't efficiently manage the targets detected in other areas, and if you focus on detection, tracking performance may decrease. Therefore, effective scheduling is essential. In this paper, we propose the TaP (Time and Priority) algorithm, which is a multi-functional radar scheduling scheme, and a software design method to construct it.

다기능레이더(MFR)를 장착한 함정의 작전수행은 적의 위협에 대한 징후를 바탕으로 위협의 정도를 판단하고 이를 바탕으로 MFR 자원을 위협별로 할당하는 것으로 작전을 시작한다. 본 연구는 MFR 탐지체계를 가진 함정의 임무 시작 시 필요한 위협별 MFR 자원할당 문제에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 이용한 기법과 Greedy 기법을 이용한 MFR 자원할당 방안을 제시하여 그 결과를 비교분석하였다. 분석시 자원할당에 따른 탐지확률 함수가 선형인 경우와 지수형인 경우를 고려하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 시뮬레이션 기법과 Greedy기법의 결과는 서로 비슷한 자원할당 결과를 보여주고 있으며, Greedy 기법은 시뮬레이션 기법에 비하여 그 수행시간이 아주 짧아 실제 임무 수행 시에 이용 가능한 기법으로 판단된다. 여러 가지 위협의 정도에 대해 Greedy 기법을 이용하여 MFR 자원할당 결과를 분석하였다.

A warship equipped with Multi Function Radar(MFR) performs operations by evaluating the degree of threats based on threats' symptom and allocating the resource of MFR to the corresponding threats. This study suggests a simulation-based approach and greedy algorithm in order to effectively allocate the resource of an MFR for warships, and compares these two approaches. As a detection probability function depending on the amount of allocations to each threat, we consider linear and exponential functions. Experimental results show that both the simulation-based approach and greedy algorithm allocate resource similarly to the randomly generated threats, and the greedy algorithm outperforms the simulation-based approach in terms of computational perspective. For a various cases of threats, we analyze the results of MFR resource allocation using the greedy algorithm.

Fibers of linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE) having melt flow rate 45 and 50 (g/10 min), which were polymerized by metallocene catalyst and Ziegler-Natta catalyst, respectively, were produced by high speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity from 1 to 6 km/min. The change of fiber structure and physical properties with increasing take-up velocity was investigated through the birefringence, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Rheovibron, and Fafegraph-M. The birefringence increased linearly with increasing take-up velocity, and that of LLDPE(45) was higher than LLDPE(50). With increasing take-up velocity, the crystal orientation of LLDPE transformed a-axis orientation into caxis orientation. In dynamic viscoelastic behavior of LLDPE(45) fibers by the high speed spinning, the intensity of crystalline relaxation peak was decreased and crystalline relaxation temperature shifted to lower. But that of LLDPE(50) cannot be observed. Tensile strength and initial modulus were increased and elongation was decreased with increasing take-up velocity. LLDPE(45) fibers was preferred to LLDPE(50) in mechanical properties because of increment of crystal and amorphous orientation factor. The change of birefringence with take-up velocity was closely related to both initial modulus and tenacity uniformly.

Fibers of high density polyethylene having melt flow rate of 11 and 28 (g/10 min) were produced by high-speed melt spinning method in the range of take-up velocity from 1 to 8 km/min. The change of fiber structure and physical properties with increasing take-up velocity was investigated through the birefringence, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Rheovibron, and Fafegraph-M. The birefringence increased with sigmoidal shape according to increasing take-up velocity, and that of HDPE(11) was higher than HDPE(28). With increasing take-up velocity, the crystal orientation of HDPE transformed a-axis orientation into c-axis orientation. In dynamic viscoelastic behavior of HDPE fibers by the high speed spinning, the intensity of crystalline relaxation peak was decreased and crystalline relaxation temperature shifted to lower. Tensile strength and initial modulus were increased and elongation was decreased with increasing take-up velocity. HDPE(11) fibers was preferred to HDPE(28) in mechanical properties because of increment of crystal and amorphous orientation factors. The change of birefringence with take-up veloicity was closely related to both initial modulus and tenacity uniformly.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of myofascial release(MFR) technique and Taping therapy on the pain level in whiplash injury patients. Pain level were assessed prior treatment, after first treatment, after second treatment, after third treatment, after fourth treatment, and after fifth treatment. All 6 times were calculated pain level. To find out the effectiveness of MFR and Taping therapy, we were divide two groups. The one group was consisted of 25 patients that were treated with H/P, electrical therapy and MFR, and the other group was consisted of 25 patients that were treated with H/P, electrical therapy, and Taping therapy. The results were as follow: 1. There were statistical significance on the pain level in MFR group during all treatment periods(p<0.05). 2. There were statistical significance on the pain level in Taping group all during treatment periods(p<0.05). 3. Taping group had more statistical significance than MFR group on the pain level during all treatment periods(p<0.05). Consequently, this study suggest that Taping therapy has a very effectiveness to the whiplash injury patients.

본 연구는 ROC 곡선에서 형성되는 면적 형태로 나타나는 분류정확도기준인 오분류율곱(multiplication of false rates; MFR)를 제안한다. MFR 기준과 다른 기준로부터 구한 최적분류점의 분류성과에 대하여 비교 분석한다. 다양한 분포함수에 대하여 최적분류점을 구하고 이에 대응하는 FNR과 FPR을 비교하면서 MFR의 특징과 장점을 유도한다. 일반적인 비용함수를 바탕으로 분류점에 대한 비용비율을 다양한 분류기준을 이용하여 구한다. 비용곡선에 대한 비용비율의 관계를 정리하여 MFR 기준의 장점을 탐색한다. MFR 기준의 정의를 다차원 ROC 분석으로 확장하고 다차원의 다른 분류기준과의 관계를 설명하면서 토론한다.

We propose the multiplication of false rates (MFR) which is a classification accuracy criteria and an area type of rectangle from ROC curve. Optimal threshold obtained using MFR is compared with other criteria in terms of classification performance. Their optimal thresholds for various distribution functions are also found; consequently, some properties and advantages of MFR are discussed by comparing FNR and FPR corresponding to optimal thresholds. Based on general cost function, cost ratios of optimal thresholds are computed using various classification criteria. The cost ratios for cost curves are observed so that the advantages of MFR are explored. Furthermore, the de nition of MFR is extended to multi-dimensional ROC analysis and the relations of classification criteria are also discussed.

In this paper, we implement a digital multi-beamformer using FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) which has advantages in parallel and real-time data processing. This is accomplished through the use of not only high-speed data communication but also multiple beam forming, which is currently required by MFR(Multi Function Radar). As a result, the beamformer can process 24 Gbps throughput in real-time and form 5 digital beams at the same time. It is also compared to the results of Matlab simulations. We demonstrate how an implemented beamformer can be used in an MFR system by using a digital array antenna.