Earticle

만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 메타분석 기법을 활용하여 트레드밀 훈련의 융복합적 효과성을 평가하고자 한다. PICOS 기준에 의거하여 문헌을 검색한 후 총 22편의 국내 ‘뇌졸중’, ‘트레드밀’ 관련 연구물을 선정하였다. 메타분석을 위해 CMA 프로그램을 이용하여 효과크기를 산출하였으며, 국내 트레드밀 훈련의 전체 효과크기는 0.661(95%CI: 0.456∼0.865)로 중간크기로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 트레드밀 훈련의 효과를 족저압(1.147), 하지 근 기능 (0.875), 균형(0.664)으로 나누어 효과크기를 비교한 결과, 족저압의 효과크기가 가장 크게 나타났다. 추가로 균형은 하위항목들을 나누어 분석하였고, 균형은 TUG(0.553), BBS(0.760), 정적균형지수(0.654)의 효과크기가 나타났다. 따라 서 트레드밀 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 제공한다. 트레드밀 훈련에 대한 메타분석 연구는 정보, 통신 및 의료기술의 헬스케어 융합을 향한 업계 패러다임의 전환으로 이어질 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the convergence effectiveness of treadmill training in patients with chronic stroke through a meta-analysis. After searching the literature based on the patients, intervention, comparison, outcome criteria, and study desigan, a total of 22 studies related to "stroke" and "treadmill" were eligible for inclusion. Effect size was calculated using the comprehensive meta-analysis program for the meta-analysis. Based on the forest plot results, the overall effect size of treadmill training was 0.661 (95% confidence interval: 0.456-0.865), which was statistically significant with a medium effect size (p < 0.05). The effects of treadmill training on patients with stroke were separated by dependent variables of interest-plantar pressure (1.147), lower limb muscle function (0.875), and balance (0.664). The effect sizes were evaluated for the subdomains of timed up and go test (0.553), Berg Balance Scale (0.760), and static balance index (0.654) for balance. Therefore, treadmill training can be expected to have a positive impact on improving the quality of life of patients with chronic stroke. This meta-analysis of treadmill training may the lead to an industry paradigm shift toward healthcare convergence of information, communication, and medical technology.

This study investigated the effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on cardiopulmonary function and fatigue recovery, focusing on its role as a non-invasive intervention. Eighteen healthy male college students participated in a repeated measures design (Repeated Measure ANOVA) to compare cardiopulmonary responses under three conditions: No Taping (NT), Lower Limb Taping (LLT), and Respiratory Muscle Taping (RMT). A treadmill-based cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) using the Bruce protocol was conducted until reaching 90% of the maximal heart rate, and subjective fatigue was assessed via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). For the intervention, the tape was applied without tension while the muscles were in a maximally stretched position, applied respectively to the respiratory and lower limb muscles. The results showed that at the anaerobic threshold (AT), both LLT and RMT significantly prolonged the time to reach the threshold (RAT, p=0.018) and increased minute ventilation (VE, p=0.002) compared to NT. Notably, the RMT condition improved respiratory efficiency, recording significantly higher oxygen consumption (VO₂, p=0.001) and oxygen pulse (O₂ pulse, p=0.009) than the NT and LLT conditions. At 90% of the maximal heart rate, LLT and RMT significantly increased VE (p=0.001), VO₂ (p=0.002), VO₂ max (p=0.005), and O₂ pulse (p=0.002) compared to NT. Regarding subjective fatigue, lower limb fatigue (LLF) significantly decreased with LLT (p=0.001), and respiratory fatigue (RF) significantly decreased with RMT (p=0.006) compared to the NT condition. However, no significant differences were observed in any variables during the 5-minute recovery period (p>0.05). In conclusion, the strategic application of Kinesio Taping is an effective tool for alleviating fatigue and optimizing cardiopulmonary capacity during exercise. It is recommended to strategically select taping sites based on the sport's characteristics and performance priorities.

중년 여성에게 있어 유방암은 신체 능력 감소를 유발할 수 있으며, 치료 방법에 따라 낙상의 위험을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져있다. 낙상은 하지의 근기능과 밀접한 관련이 있으나 치료 부위의 특성으로 인해 상지의 근기능을 평가하는 연구가 주를 이루어왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유방암 질환 중년 여성 9명과 건강한 중년 여성 9명을 대상으로 하지의 근기 능 측정을 비교분석하여 낙상 예방과 관련된 하지 근기능을 비교 분석하고자한다. 이를 위해 동적 평형성, 등속성 근기능 (근력, 근지구력, 신경근 기능) 측정을 실시하였으며, 측정된 자료를 Mixed design two-way ANOVA로 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 동적평형성은 유방암 유ㆍ무 및 좌ㆍ우에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 하지의 폄ㆍ굽힘근의 근력은 유방암 유ㆍ무 및 좌ㆍ우에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 하지의 폄ㆍ굽힘근의 근지구력은 유방 암 유ㆍ무 및 좌ㆍ우에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 하지의 신경근기능은 유방암 유ㆍ무에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타 났으며, 좌ㆍ우 굽힘근에서 유방암 환자가 낮게 나타났다. 이는 유방암 생존자의 낙상 예후 인자 평가를 위해 굽힘근의 신경근 기능 평가가 고려 대상이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In middle-aged women, breast cancer can cause a decrease in physical ability and is known to increase the risk of falls depending on the treatment method. Falls are closely related to the muscle function of the lower extremities, but due to the characteristics of the treatment area, studies have mainly evaluated the muscle function of the upper limb. Accordingly, this study aims to provide basic data related to fall prevention by comparatively analyzing muscle function measurements of the lower limb in 9 middle-aged women with breast cancer and 9 healthy middle-aged women. For this purpose, dynamic balance and isokinetic muscle function (muscle strength, muscular endurance, neuromuscular function) were measured, and the measured data were compared and analyzed using mixed design two-way ANOVA to obtain the following results. First, there was no significant difference in dynamic balance depending on the presence/absence of breast cancer and left/right side. Second, there was no significant difference in the strength of the extensor and flexor muscles of the lower limb depending on the presence or absence of breast cancer and between the left and right sides. Third, there was no significant difference in the muscular endurance of the extensor and flexor muscles of the lower limb depending on the presence or absence of breast cancer and between the left and right sides. Fourth, there was a significant difference in the neuromuscular function of the lower limb depending on the presence or absence of breast cancer, and the left and right flexors were lower in breast cancer patients. It is believed that the evaluation of neuromuscular function of the flexor muscles can be considered to evaluate prognostic factors for falls in breast cancer survivors.

본 연구는 8주간의 발 각도를 설정한 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝이 대퇴골 후경을 가진 대학 구기 종목 동아리 학생 의 수직 점프력, 수평 점프력, 고관절 신전 근력, 하지 최대근력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 20세 이상 25세 미만 대학교 구기 종목 동아리 소속으로 3개월 이상 정기적으로 운동 참여를 하고 있는 남성 중 Craig's test 결과 대퇴골 후경을 가진 대상으로, 발 각도를 30°로 설정 집단(EG), 발 각도를 10°로 설정한 집단(CG)으로 무작위 분배하였다. 플라이오메트릭 훈련은 8주간 주 2회 30분간 체중부하 스쿼트 점프(Squat Jump; SJ), 뎁스 점프(Depth Jump; DJ), 수직반동 점프(Countermovement Jump; CMJ)를 실시하였다. 플라이오메트릭 훈련 전·후 수직 점프력, 수평 점프력, 고관절 신전 근력, 하지 최대근력을 측정하였다. 수직점프와 고관절 신전근력은 두 그룹 모두 유의한 증가를 나타내었고, 수평점프와 하지최대근력은 EG에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 따라서 대퇴골 후경을 가진 구기 종목 선수의 점프력 경기 수행 능력 향상을 위해 발 각도를 30°로 설정 후 플라이오메트릭 훈련 참여를 권장한다.

The This study investigated the effects of plyometric training with specific foot angle settings on the jumping ability and lower limb muscle function of university sports club students with femoral retroversion. The participants were male students aged between 20 and 24 years, affiliated with a university athletic club for ball sports, who showed femoral retroversion as indicated by Craig's test. They were randomly assigned to an Experimental Group (EG) with a foot angle set at 30° and a Comparison Group (CG) with a foot angle set at 10°. The plyometric training program lasted for 8 weeks, with participants performing squat jumps (SJ), depth jumps (DJ), and countermovement jumps (CMJ) twice a week for 30 minutes per session, using their own body weight. Vertical jump height, horizontal jump distance, hip extensor muscle strength, and lower limb maximal strength were measured before and after the training period. Both groups showed a significant increase in vertical jump height and hip extensor strength. However, only the Experimental Group (EG) showed a significant increase in horizontal jump distance and lower limb maximal strength. Therefore, it is recommended that athletes with femoral retroversion engage in plyometric training with a foot angle set at 30° to enhance their jump performance in ball sports.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of sling-based lower limb complex exercise combined with foot intrinsic muscle exercise on pain and lower limb function of patello-femoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: This study involved 30 PFPS participants at the C center in Daegu. The researcher randomly allocated 30 PFPS participants into an experimental group and a control group, with 15 individuals in each group. The experimental group performed a sling-based lower limb complex exercise combined with the foot intrinsic muscle exercise. The control group performed only sling-based lower limb complex exercise. After 4 weeks of intervention, the intervention effect was measured by the visual analog scale (VAS), the dynamic valgus angle (DVA), and the navicular drop test (NDT). All participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: In the within-group comparison, both groups showed significant decreases in the VAS, improvements in the DVA and the NDT (p<.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group showed a greater decrease in the VAS than the control group (p<.05). In addition, the experimental group showed greater improvements in the DVA and the NDT than the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: Sling-based lower limb complex exercise combined with foot intrinsic muscle exercise resulted in a significant decrease in pain (VAS), and improvements in DVA and NDT in PFPS. These results are considered suitable for application as an intervention method in clinical practice, simultaneously controlling the knee, improving the function of the internal muscles of the foot, and stabilizing the hip joint, especially during activities requiring functional movement.

This study aims to investigate sex differences in body composition, VO max, lower limb muscle 2 function in adolescent taekwondo athletes. A total of 26 athletes (14 males and 12 females) participated in this study. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). VO2max was measured through graded exercise testing, and lower limb muscle function was assessed by measuring standing long jump test and isokinetic muscle strength test. Isokinetic muscle strength test was performed at angular velocities of 60°/sec and 180°/sec using an isokinetic dynamometer. Female athletes demonstrated a significantly higher body fat percentage (p < .05), whereas male athletes showed significantly greater lean mass, Lean + BMC, and VO2max (p < .05, p < .001). No significant sex differences were observed in standing long jump performance. In isokinetic muscle strength, females exhibited greater flexor strength, while males showed higher extensor strength at 180°/sec (p < .05, p < .001). Sex-based differences were evident in body composition and muscle function, particularly under high-velocity conditions. These findings highlight the need for sex-specific training strategies in adolescent taekwondo athletes

본 연구는 경직성 양하지마비아를 대상으로 하지 근력강화 훈련이 대동작 기능 및 골격근 구조에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 9명의 경직성 양하지마비아를 대상으로 하였으며, 슬관절 신전근과 족관절 저측굴곡근에 근력강화 훈련을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 대동작 기능 평가에서 실험 전과 실험 8주 사이에 GMFM C, D, E 및 전체 항목에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 골격근 구조 변화에서는 실험전과 실험 8주 사이에 대퇴직근의 근육영상밀도와 백색영역지수, 최대 수의적 등척성 수축 시 근육두께에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 대퇴직근의 휴식 시 및 최대 수의적 등척성 수축 시 근섬유 정렬각에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 따라서 본 연구 결과, 경직성 양하지마비아에게 하지 근력강화 훈련은 운동 기능을 개선시키고 골격근의 질과 역학적 구조 변화에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lower limb strengthening training on gross motor function and skeletal muscle architecture. The subjects of this study were nine children with spastic diplegia of cerebral palsy. Lower limb strengthening training was applied to the knee extensor and ankle plantar flexors. When lower limb strengthening training was applied to the spastic diplegia, there was a significant difference in pretraining and posttraining at the mean score of C, D, E and total of the GMFM(p<.05). In the skeletal muscle architecture by ultrasonography, there was a significant difference in pretraining and posttraining the mean score of muscle density and white area index(WAI) on the rectus femoris(p<.05). Muscle thickness was significantly increased for MVIC on the rectus femoris(p<.05). There was a signicant difference in pennation angle for rest and MVIC on the rectus femoris(p<.05). The results of this study show that lower limb strength training is effective in improving motor function and change of qualitative and mechanical properties of skeletal muscle with spastic diplegia.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional lower limb strengthening exercises using partial body weight support on improvement in motor function in children with cerebral palsy who have difficulty walking independently. METHODS: Ten children with cerebral palsy at stages 3-5 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System participated in this study. A partial body weight support environment was set up by using the Newton Box. Functional lower limb strengthening exercises with partial body weight support were implemented for 40 minutes twice a week for 6 weeks (12 sessions). Before and after intervention, muscle strength, gross motor function, and balance ability were quantified by using a handheld dynamometer, Korean-Gross Motor Function Measure-88, and Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB), respectively. RESULTS: Muscle strength in all muscle groups significantly increased after the intervention when compared to the status before the intervention (p < .05). There were no significant differences in gross motor function and balance ability after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, functional lower limb strengthening exercises with partial body weight support using the Newton Box can be applied as a method of intervention to improve the muscular strength of children with cerebral palsy at Stages 3-5 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Purpose: This study was to verify the effect of muscle strengthening exercises using a Thera-Band on the lower limbs. Methods: The design utilized for this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A control group (16) and experimental group (16) were selected from stroke patients of K Oriental Medicine Hospital who were hospitalized for 5 months from December 2005 through April 2006. While only acupuncture therapy and physical therapy were used on the control group, acupuncture, physical therapy and additional muscle strengthening exercises using a red thera band were used on the experimental group. Muscle strengthening was performed 20 minutes per session, more than one session a day for 4 weeks. Hypotheses for this study were verified using Two-way repeated ANOVA and ANCOVA using a pre test score as a covariate. Results: The experimental group with thera band muscle strengthening exercises showed a decrease in asymmetry weight loading percentage(F=14.704, P= .010), range of knee (Z=-3.15, P= .001) & deep tendon reflex score(Z=-2.52, P= .012) and moving performance(F=12.328, P= .001)compared to the control group. Conclusion: It is confirmed that muscle strengthening exercises using a Thera-Band can be used as an effective nursing intervention to improve the function of the lower limb of hemiplegic stroke patients.