Earticle

The purpose of this study was to compare the trunk and lower extremity muscle activity induced by six different conditions floor, intensity 0, 1, 3, 5 of whole body vibration (WBV), and Swiss ball during bridging exercise. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure trunk and lower extremity muscles activity. Ten elderly women were recruited from Hong-sung Senior Citizen Welfare Center. The collected EMG data were normalized using reference contraction (during floor bridging) and expressed as a percentage of reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). To analyze the differences in EMG data, the repeated one-way analysis of variance was used. A Bonferroni's correction was used for multiple comparisons. The study showed that EMG activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscles were not significantly different between six different conditions of during bridging exercise (p>.05). However, there were significantly increased EMG activity of the rectus femoris (p=.034) in the WBV intensity 0, 1, 3, and 5 conditions compared with the floor bridging condition. EMG activity of the medial gastrocnemius were significantly increased in the WBV intensity 0, 1, 3, 5 and Swiss ball conditions compared with the floor bridging condition. Future studies are required the dynamic instability condition such as one leg lifting in bridging.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trunk and lower extremity muscle activity induced by three different intensity conditions (intensity 1, 3, 5) of whole body vibration (WBV) during bridging exercise. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure trunk and lower extremity muscles activity. Eleven healthy young subjects (6 males, 5 females) were recruited from university students. The collected EMG data were normalized using reference contraction (no vibration during bridging) and expressed as a percentage of reference voluntary contraction. To analyze the differences in EMG data, the repeated one-way analysis of variance was used. A Bonferroni's correction was used for multiple comparisons. The study showed that EMG activity of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, erector spinae and rectus femoris muscles was not significantly different among three intensity conditions of WBV during bridging exercise (p>.05). However, there were significantly increased EMG activity of the medial hamstring muscle (p=.001) and medial gastrocnemius muscle (p=.027) in the intensity 3 condition compared with the intensity 1 condition. This result can be interpreted that vibration was absorbed through the distal muscles, plantar flexor and knee flexor.

Objective To investigate intrinsic viscoelastic changes using shear wave velocities (SWVs) of spastic lower extremity muscles in patients with early spinal cord injury (SCI) via acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging and to evaluate correlation between the SWV values and spasticity.Methods Eighteen patients with SCI within 3 months and 10 healthy adults participated. We applied the ARFI technique to measure SWV of gastrocnemius muscle (GCM) and long head of biceps femoris muscle. Spasticity of ankle and knee joint was assessed by original Ashworth Scale.Results Ten patients with SCI had spasticity. Patients with spasticity had significantly faster SWV for GCM and biceps femoris muscle than those without spasticity (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.007 and p=0.008) and normal control (p=0.011 and p=0.037, respectively). The SWV values of GCM correlated with the ankle spasticity (Spearman rank teat, p=0.026). There was significant correlation between the SWV values for long head of biceps femoris muscle and knee spasticity (Spearman rank teat, p=0.022).Conclusion ARFI demonstrated a difference in muscle stiffness in the GCM between patients with spastic SCI and those without spasticity. This finding suggested that stiffness of muscles increased in spastic lower extremity of early SCI patients. ARFI imaging is a valuable tool for noninvasive assessment of the stiffness of the spastic muscle and has the potential to identify pathomechanical changes of the tissue associated with SCI.

Purpose: The purpose of our study aimed to identify the effect of static and dynamic bridge exercise with gym ball using gym ball on muscle activation of trunk and lower-limb in healthy individuals. Methods: A total of 20 healthy adults participated in this study. The individuals performed general bridge exercise, static and dynamic bridge exercise using gym ball. During the three methods of bridge exercises, electromyography (EMG) data (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) of the rectus abdominis, erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius were recorded using a wireless surface EMG system. Results: Rectus abdominis activation showed significantly greater during dynamic bridge exercise compared with general bridge exercise and dynamic bridge exercise. Erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius were greater during static and dynamic bridge exercise compared with general bridge exercise. Conclusion: Based on our results, bridge exercise using gym ball, particularly integrating lower-limb movement, could be a useful method to enhance muscle activation of trunk and lower-limb (rectus abdominis, erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius).

Background: The hip muscle plays various roles. Several types of functional performance tests are used for the assessment of patients with various lower extremity injuries. Hip muscle functions are important to test the performance of maintaining the spine, pelvic, and leg during bridging exercise. We designed a novel functional performance test tool, which we named close kinetic chain dynamic lower extremity stability (CKCLE) test to assess hip muscle functions. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between CKCLE test and hip extensor, external rotator, and abductor strengths. Methods: Twenty-two subjects were recruited in the present study (13 males and 9 females). The hip extensor, external rotator, and abductor muscle strengths were measured using a Smart KEMA strength sensor. When the examiner said "Go", the subject performed the CKCLE test by moving one leg from the floor and touching the opposite knee and then return to the floor while maintaining the bridging position. The subjects attempted as many "touches" as possible in the allotted time (20 seconds) during the maximal tests. The correlation between the hip muscle (extensor, external rotator, and abductor) strength of the supporting leg and the number of CKCLE tests performed in 20 seconds was determined using the Pearson correlation. Results: Hip extensor (r = 0.626, p < 0.05), hip external rotator (r = 0.616, p < 0.05), and hip abductor muscle strengths (r = 0.475, p < 0.05) positively correlated with the number of CKCLE tests performed. Conclusion: We designed a CKCLE test and found that performance in the test correlated with hip extensor, external rotator, and abductor muscle strengths. The result suggests that the CKCLE test can be applied as a performance test to assess the functions of the hip extensor, external rotator, and hip abductor muscles.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of visual feedback squat on the core muscle thickness of young adults experiencing back pain. Methods: Thirty adult men and women who experienced back pain were assigned randomly to 15 members of the visual feedback squat group (VSG) and 15 of the normal squat group (NSG) to train three times a week for a total of eight weeks. The core muscle thickness was compared prior to the test for four weeks and eight weeks after the test by dividing it into warm-up exercise, main exercise, and 10 minutes finishing exercise. Before, and four weeks and eight weeks later, the thickness of the core muscle was compared using an ultrasonic imaging system. Repeated measured ANOVA was performed to compare the groups, and a Bonferroni test was performed as a post-hoc test to assess the significance of the timing of the measurements in each group according to the periods. An independent t-test was conducted to test the significance between the groups according to the measurement points. Results: A significant change in the main effects of time and interactions of the time difference in muscle thickness of transvers abdominis were observed between the visual feedback squat and control groups according to the measurement point (p<0.05). No significant difference in the muscle thickness of both muscles was observed between the groups with the exception of the right abdominis (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that visual feedback squat exercise is expected to have positive effects on the development of transverse abdominis in core muscles.

Background: Prone hip extension (PHE) can be performed to measure the lumbopelvic motor patterns and motions. Imbalances in lumbopelvic muscle activity and muscle weakness can result in instability including pain in lumbopelvic region. The posterior oblique sling (POS) muscles contribute to dynamic lumbopelvic stability. In addition, POS are anatomically aligned with the trapezius muscle group according to shoulder positions. Objects: This study compared the electromyography (EMG) activity of POS and pelvic compensations during PHE with and without pre-activation of lower trapezius muscle (lowT). Methods: Sixteen healthy males were recruited. PHE was performed in randomized order: PHE with and without lowT pre-activation. Surface EMG signals were recorded for biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GM) (ipsilateral), lumbar multifidus (MF) (bilateral), and the lowT (contralateral). An electromagnetic tracking motion analysis was used to measure the angle of pelvic rotation and anterior tilting. Results: The ipsilateral GM and bilateral MF EMG amplitudes were greater during PHE with lowT pre-activation compared to PHE without lowT pre-activation (p<.05). The BF amplitude during PHE without lowT pre-activation was significantly greater than that during PHE with lowT pre-activation (p<.05). The angles of pelvic rotation and anterior tilting during PHE with lowT pre-activation were significantly smaller compared to PHE without lowT pre-activation (p<.05). Conclusion: PHE with lowT pre-activation, which is aligned with the POS, showed more increased MF and GM muscular activity with smaller lumbopelvic compensations in rotation and anterior tilting compared to PHE without lowT pre-activation.

We investigated abdominal and lower extremity muscle activity and thickness in typically developing children and children with develop-mental delays. A total of 35 children participated: typically developing peers (n=13), children with hypotonia (n=10), and children with spas-ticity (n=12). Muscle activity and thickness were measured at rest and during activity. Electromyography was used to measure abdominal and lower extremity muscle activities, and abdominal muscle thickness was measured using ultrasonography. There was a significant difference between the groups in the activity of the rectus abdominis and quadri-ceps muscles at rest and during activity (P<0.05). There was a signifi-cant difference between the groups in the thickness of the external oblique and transversus abdominis muscles during activity (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the thickness of the external oblique and internal oblique muscles in the sitting posi-tion (P<0.05). Therefore, the characteristics of muscle tone should be considered when applying interventions to children with developmental delay.

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the activation of the lower extremity and back muscles according to the inclination angle during the sit-to-stand (STS) test. STS is commonly performed in daily life and is a prerequisite for independent upright mobility. STS is a complex process that requires coordinated contraction of the lower extremities and trunk. Although previous studies on STS have analyzed the kinematic characteristics of chair height and seat angle, there have been no studies on the effect of seat angle on the lower extremity and back muscle activities while standing up from a sitting position. Twenty healthy adults were enrolled in this study and performed STS. Measurements were conducted from sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit for rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GA), and erector spinae activation using surface electromyography( EMG). Muscle activation was measured three times for 5 seconds in each posture, and the %RVC value was calculated after excluding for the first 1 second and the last 1 second of 5 seconds the measurement. In this study, pppmuscle activity in the GA was significantly lower at A10 and N than at P10 (p<.007). Muscle activity in the RF was significantly lower at A10 than at P10 (p<.007). The muscle activity in the ES was significantly lower at A10 than at P10 (p<.042). The anterior seat inclination position is thought to be applied as a therapeutic rehabilitation method because STS is possible with little muscle activation of the lower extremities and back muscles.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the differences in the co-contraction index of ankle muscles’ activities and proposed the rehabilitation methods in terms of special physical education based on the clinical findings. Methods: A total of ten participants (5 stroke patients and 5 normal adults) were participated in this study. Their two ankle muscles (tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles) were measured by electromyography (EMG) during the gait cycle and then, the muscle activities were calculated as a co-contraction index (CCI). Finally, the indexes between stroke patients and normal adults were compared. Results: As a result, CCI during the stance phase in the gait cycle was significantly higher in stroke patients than normal adults (p=.047). In addition, each group showed a significant difference in CCI between the stance and swing phase through within-group analysis (p=.043). Conclusion: In this study, stroke patients showed a higher CCI during the gait cycle, especially, in the stance phase. In conclusion, when considering the higher CCI would provide double-sidedness; 1) a demerit is the higher CCI would decrease in the mobility of ankle joint, whereas, 2) a merit is to increase in the stability of the ankle joint to protect fall-down, I proposed that as a lower-extremity rehabilitation method, sports activity, and aerobic exercise, using an online virtual reality technology will be necessary to ensure the safety of sports game as well as the enjoyment to maximize the quality of post-stroke life. Therefore, professionals in the field of special physical education should actively enlarge their education and development skills to the field of new biotechnology.

Object : When it walks of adults, the core activity is attempted to compare. It fovea Bottoms the wearing former of the close coupling outer wedge strap of the calf of the leg muscle group in which it is caused by to be worn out with sole generated the normal walking is derived through the close coupling outer wedge strap wearing and there is an object. Method : This research studied skin as K university school student 25 people. And it selected as the man who there is no slate in which it altogether recently suffers a lesion in an underlying with subject. 25 subjects selected the man who the outer side sole is worn out. The EMG pad was adhered to the Tibialis anterior, and the gastrocnemius (medial /lateral part) and the core activity was measured. Subjects walked in 3.0km/h on a treadmill. The walking time determined as an en with the close coupling outer wedge strap wearing en after wearing. QEMG - 4(LXM3204) was used in order to obtain the electric signal of a muscle. Result : After using with a grain and the core activity before using the close coupling outer wedge strap poultry ring, the core activity was attempted to compare. There was the difference in which it altogether takes care about with the Lateral gastrocnemius muscle and Tibialis anterior, and the Medial gastrocnemius muscle as a result. Conclusion : The gastrocnemius muscle became most before the close coupling outer wedge strap poultry ring wearing with activation. And there was the difference in which it statistically takes care about and there the lateral gastrocnemius muscle were the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the difference in which an tibialis anterior notes with a statistical after the close coupling outer wedge strap poultry ring wearing than the close coupling outer wedge strap poultry ring wearing former. Consideration : When the man worn out with the footwear outer side walks after the long-term outside strap wearing, the core activity in which the man wornout with the footwear outer side is close to the normal walking will be able to be found.

[목적] 본 연구는 골프 클럽의 형태에 따른 스윙 시 몸통근과 하지근의 근활성도를 분석하여 클럽에 따른 근육의 활 동량과 좌·우 근활성의 차이를 관찰하고자 하였다. [방법] 여성 프로골퍼 8명을 대상으로 5가지 골프 클럽 형태에 따른 스윙동작 시 양쪽 배바깥빗근, 척추세움근, 넙다리두갈래근 긴갈래, 장딴지근 안쪽머리의 근활성도를 측정하였 다. [결과] 골프 클럽에 따른 몸통근 근활성도는 우측 배바깥빗근에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, Driver에서 가장 높은 근활성도를 보였다. Driver, 5Iron, 9Iron, 52°Wedge 클럽에서는 좌측 넙다리두갈래근, 우측 장딴지근 안쪽머리의 근 활성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 7Iron에서는 우측 장딴지근 안쪽머리의 근활성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 골프 스윙 시 클럽 형태에 따른 근전도는 Driver, 5Iron, 7Iron, 9Iron, 52°Wedge 순으로 높게 나타났다. 좌·우 측 몸통근 의 근활성도는 차이를 보이지 않았고, 넙다리두갈래근은 좌측, 장딴지근은 우측에서 높게 나타났다. 클럽이 길수록 근육의 활동이 증가하며, 하지의 좌·우측 근활성도가 유의한 차이는 없으나 다른 경향을 보여 나타나 경기중 체력 과 경기상황을 고려한 클럽 선택이 요구될 것으로 생각된다.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the muscle activity of trunk and lower limb muscles during swing according to the type of golf club and to observe the relationship between muscle activity and club. [Method] The iEMG of the external oblique, erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius was measured by swinging according to the 5 club types of female KLAGA golfers. [Result] The trunk muscle activity of the golf clubs showed a significant difference in the right external oblique muscle, and driver showed the highest muscle activity. iEMG of the driver’s 5Iron, 9Iron, and 52°Wedge clubs was high in the left biceps femoris and right gastrocnemius. iEMG of the medial head of the right gastrocnemius was high when 7Iron was used. [Conclusion] iEMG according to club type during golf swing was higher in order of Driver, 5Iron, 7Iron, 9Iron and 52°Wedge. There was no difference in the iEMG of the left and right trunk muscles The longer the club, the higher the activity of the muscles, and the lower and right muscle activity of the lower limbs were not significantly different but showed different trends.

We investigated an early rehabilitation training system that increase the intensity of patient rehabilitation training to shorten the time it takes for patients to progress to a secondary rehabilitation training stage by allowing patients incapable of self-ambulation. It consisted of tilting bed, unstable platform using strong springs and training program for lower limb rehabilitation. We performed experimental study on the muscular activities of tibialis anterior(TA), soleus(SO), gastrocnemius(GA) in the lower extremities during training of straight line, circle, quardrangle pattern during tilting angle of $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$. The muscle activities were higher during tilting angle of $30^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$. In straight line pattern, the muscle activities were higher by SO, GA and TA during medio-lateral direction, however, by TA, SO and GA during anterio-posterior direction. In circle and quardrangle pattern, the muscle activities were higher by TA, SO and GA during clockwise and counterclockwise direction. The results indicate that the early rehabilitation training system could be applied to improve the lower extremity muscular strength for elderly and patients, especially, stroke.

The purpose of this study was to measure magnitude of lower leg muscle activity during dynamic stability tests performed on an unstable board by subjects with sprained lateral ankles. Fifteen lateral ankle sprain subjects(8 male, 7 female) participated in this study. The muscle activity was measured at gastrocnemious, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus during dynamic stability tests performed on Biodex stability system as surface EMG. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC) of each muscle. As results, peroneus longus evidenced significant difference at stable and unstable grade comparing injured with uninjured sides. Gastrocnemious and tibialis anterior evidenced no significant difference. Change of muscle activity with stable and unstable grade evidenced no significant difference on injured and uninjured sides. The data provided information on peroneus longus contributes to dynamic stability after lateral ankle sprains. Peroneus longus training program may have to be emphasized after an ankle sprain.

본 연구는 외발스쿼트와 양발스쿼트 운동 시 반복횟수, 심박수, 하지의 근전도 반응과 안쪽넓은근과 가쪽넓은근 의 근활성비를 비교하여 안전하고 효과적인 스쿼트 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 피험자는 저항훈련 경력 1년 이상의 남성 7 명으로 선정하였다. 외발 맨몸 스쿼트와 양발 맨몸스쿼트, 외발 10RM 바벨스쿼트와 양발 10RM 바벨 스쿼트 운동 시 반복횟수를 비교하였다. 외발 맨몸 스쿼트와 양발 맨몸스쿼트 운동 직후 심박수를 측정 하였다. 근전도 측정은 외발 맨몸등척성 스쿼트와 양발 맨몸등척성 스쿼트 운동 시 5초간 실시하였다. 근전도 측정 부위는 우측 다리의 넙다리곧은 근, 안쪽넓은근, 가쪽넓은근, 넙다리두갈래근, 앞정강근, 장딴지근 내측으로 하였다. 대응표본 t검정을 실시하였으며 유 의수준은 α= .05로 설정하였다. 반복횟수는 양발 스쿼트가 외발 스쿼트에 보다 높게 나타났으며, 운동직후 심박수는 외발스쿼트가 양발스쿼트 보다 높게 나타났다. 하지의 근전도 반응은 외발 스쿼트가 양발 스쿼트 보다 높은 iEMG가 나 타났으며, VM/VL 비율은 양발 스쿼트가 외발스쿼트 보다 높게 나타났다. 외발스쿼트는 양발스쿼트에 비해 높은 강도 의 운동인 것으로 보여지며, 양발 스쿼트는 안쪽넓은근 단련에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

In this study, we tried to find a safe and effective squat method by comparing the number of repetitions, heart rate, leg EMG response, VM / VL ratio during one foot and both feet squat exercise. The subjects were 7 men with resistance training experience more than one year. Number of repetitions was compared between one foot and both feet body weight squat, 10RM one foot and both feet squat. Heart rate was measured after the one foot and both feet squat exercise. EMG measurements were performed for 5 seconds in the one foot and both feet isometric squat. EMG measurement site was the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius of right femur. A measurement paired t-test was performed. The significance level was set to α = .05. The number of repetitions were higher in the both feet squats than in the one foot squats, and the heart rate immediately after exercise was higher in the one foot squats than in the both feet squats. In the EMG response of the lower limb, the one foot isometric squat showed higher iEMG than the both feet isometric squat, and the VM / VL ratio was significantly higher in the both feet isometic squat. one foot squat is considered to be a higher intensity exercise than a both feet squat, and a one both feet squat may contribute to the vastus medialis training.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle architecture of serratus anterior and lower trapezius using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) in affected and unaffected side of chronic stroke patients. METHODS: The participants were thirty five patients with stroke hemiplegia in this study. RUSI was used to measure the muscle thickness of the serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscles. We compared the muscle thickness according to affected side and sex, determined the reliability of the measurement image. Independent t-test, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Significant difference in muscle thickness of serratus anterior was observed between affected and unaffected side (p<.001). Muscle thickness according to gender showed a significant difference in unaffected side of serratus anterior (p<.05). Compare asymmetry ratio of serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscle thickness showed a significant difference (p<.001). ICC for intra-reliability was .944~.962 in serratus anterior and .873~.925 in lower trapezius muscle thickness, respectively. SEM was .001~.004 in serratus anterior and .002~.008 in lower trapezius muscle. CONCLUSION: This study, using RUSI, showed significant difference in muscle thickness of serratus anterior in affected and unaffected side of stroke patients. RUSI is a practical tool for measuring soft-tissue thickness in the scapular region muscle of stroke.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of shoes heel height on the EMG activities of lower limb muscles. Twenty young healthy females volunteered to participate in this study. To measure the EMG activities of the quadricep, hamstring, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles, the subjects were asked to stand wearing harness, assuring the safety during unexpected body perturbation. The perturbation was made by using a wing pendulum ball, which produces anterior displacement of the subjects’ head, neck, and trunk as it gently pushed the upper back(T10 level) without provoking a stepping response. Shoe heel height was established under 3 conditions: barefoot, 4㎝, and 10㎝ heels. The EMG activities of the selected muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction(MVIC). One-way repeated ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction was used to compare the EMG activities according to shoes heel height. The collected data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 12.0. During the ankle strategy, the EMG activity of the quadriceps, hamstring, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles were significantly augmented with increasing heel height(p<.05). The findings indicate that high-heeled shoes may have disadvantages in maintaining the balance function because of the extra muscular efforts in the lower extremities. This study provides useful information of future studies how heel height affects muscle activity around the lower extremities.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects on muscle activation and ankle instability following sudden ankle inversion of the closed kinetic chain exercise using visual feedback to evaluate chronic ankle instability in adult males. METHODS: In this study, 28 subjects with chronic ankle instability were recruited and randomly divided into a closed kinetic chain exercise using a visual feedback group(n=13) and an open kinetic chain exercise group(n=15). Each group underwent 30 minutes of exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. The electromyographic(EMG) values of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles were measured to analyze muscle activity. The Cumberland ankle instability tool(CAIT) was used to measure ankle instability. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvements in tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and CAIT score(p<.05). In the experimental group, there were significant improvements in the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activation(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that closed kinetic chain exercise using visual feedback can be a useful treatment method for patients with chronic ankle instability.

This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of a single balance exercise session on medial gastrocnemius thickness, plantar flexor strength, and dynamic balance performance according to the stability of the support surface in healthy adults. Thirty-four participants were randomly assigned to either the stable surface group (n=17) or the unstable surface group (n=17). They underwent pre- and post-intervention assessments, including ultrasound measurement of gastrocnemius thickness, handheld dynamometer testing of plantar flexor strength, and the Y-Balance Test for dynamic balance. A 2×2 mixed analysis of variance was conducted to examine group and time effects. The results indicated significant improvements in the gastrocnemius thickness, plantar flexor strength, and dynamic balance immediately after the intervention in both groups (p<.05). However, no significant group differences or group×time interaction effects were observed. These findings demonstrate that immediate changes occurred following a single session of balance exercise, which can be interpreted as short-term responses that appear immediately after performing the exercise. Therefore, future studies should involve diverse age groups and clinical populations to identify long-term adaptations and the potential effects of surface stability.

본 연구의 목적은 필라테스 매트, 캐딜락과 체어 기구에서 Swan dive 동작 수행 시, 척추세움근과 하지 근육의 근활성도를 비교 분석하여 필라테스 기구의 특성을 이해하고 개인의 체력수준에 맞는 운동프로그램을 설정하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위한 것이다. 연구 대상은 20~30대 성인 여성 12명으로 단일집단 연구 하였으며, 척추세움근과 하지 근육의 근활성도에 유의한 차이를 검증하기 위해 일원배치반복측정분산분석을 실시하였다. 이에 따른 결과 척추세 움근의 가장긴근과 엉덩이갈비근이 체어에서 가장 높은 근활성도를 보였으며, 하지근육의 큰볼기근, 중간볼기근, 넙다 리 두갈래근도 체어에서 가장 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 이에 지지하는 면적, 중력에 대한 저항이나 스프링 탄성의 작용에 따라 근 활성도 차이가 나타남을 확인 할수 있었으며, 척추세움근과 하지 근력의 향상을 위해서는 매트 보다 기구에서 수행하는 것이 더 효율적인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 지지면적이 좁고 스프링 탄성의 영향을 받는 체어기구가 효과적인 운동 적용방법이라 할수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the muscle activity of the erector spinae muscles and lower limb muscles when performing the swan dive movement on Pilates mats, Cadillacs and chair machines, and to provide basic data for understanding the characteristics of Pilates equipment and setting up an exercise program suitable for the individual's fitness level. The subjects of the study were 12 adult women in their 20s~30s, and a one-way repeated ANOVA measurement variance was performed to verify the significant difference in the muscle activity of the erector spinae muscle and the lower limb muscle. As a result, the longissimus muscle and iliocostalis muscle of the erector spinae muscle showed the highest muscle activity in the chair, and the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius muscle, and biceps femoris of the lower limb muscle also showed the highest muscle activity in the chair. It was found that there is a difference in muscle activity depending on the supporting area, resistance to gravity, and spring elasticity, and it is judged that it is more efficient to perform on a device than on a mat to improve the erector spinae muscle and lower limb strength. In addition, a chair device with a narrow support area and affected by spring elasticity can be said to be an effective exercise application method.