Earticle

Purpose : This study aimed to examine the three-year (2022~2024) period in job stress among workers in a manufacturing company and to identify factors influencing these changes using a linear mixed model. Methods : The study participants were 597 workers whose job stress was assessed annually from 2022 to 2024. Job stress was measured using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). The data were analyzed with SPSS version 25.0, applying linear mixed modeling to account for repeated measures. Results : Job stress did not show a significant change over time. However, significant predicting factors of changes in job stress included gender, age, work experience, and employment type. Conclusion : When developing and implementing workplace interventions to manage job stress among industrial workers, demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age) and occupational factors (i.e., work experience, employment type) identified as significant factors of job stress should carefully be considered. The study is noteworthy in that it examined longitudinal trends and influencing factors of job stress over a three-year period.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the association between hearing difficulty, masticatory difficulty, and cognitive impairment using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Methods: This secondary data analysis included 6939 Korean adults aged 45 or older with no cognitive impairment at baseline. Self-reported questionnaires measured hearing and masticatory difficulty, and cognitive impairment were assessed using the Korea Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Cox models were used to estimate the risk of cognitive impairment associated with the coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty.Results: People who coexisted with hearing and masticatory difficulty were 2.4%. The incidence rate of cognitive impairment was 37.7% for the study sample and higher in females than males. Compared to people without hearing and masticatory difficulty, the total study sample with the coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty had a higher risk of cognitive impairment (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03?1.56), females with the coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty had a greater risk of cognitive impairment (HR :1.52 95% CI: 1.11?2.09). Conclusion: Coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty increased females' cognitive impairment risk. It is recommended to check hearing and masticatory function in a timely, which may be effective in detecting individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.

Purpose: This study was to examined the moderated mediation effect of self-esteem on the relationship between parenting stress and depression among married women with children using longitudinal data from the 3rd to 6th Panel Studies on Korean. Methods: The data from the Panel Study of Korean Children (Korea Institute of Child Care and Education) was collected as part of a longitudinal inquiry of babies born in 2008, their parents and their community environments. Only the data collected from the married women over the age of 20 who participated in the maternal survey was used for this study. Results: The initial level of married women’s parenting stress affects the initial level and the rate of change in self-esteem; the initial level of self-esteem, the initial level and rate of change in depression; and the initial level of parenting stress, the initial level of depression. However, the impact of the rate of change in parenting stress on that of self-esteem was significant only in employed women while the impact of the rate of change in self-esteem on that of depression was significant only in unemployed women. Conclusion: It is necessary to manage parenting stress among married women through various programs and education that increase self-esteem in order to reduce their level of depression.

This study elucidates the evolutionary trajectory of Digital Transformation (DX) in the South Korean sports industry over 15 years (2011–2025). Applying text mining and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling to 137,958 news articles collected via BIG Kinds, with topic number (K) selection validated through Coherence Score (Cv) and Log Perplexity, the analysis identifies four distinct evolutionary phases grounded in the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, and Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory: (1) Mobile Transition (2011–2015), marked by the mainstreaming of mobile sports consumption and portal-based broadcasting; (2) Technology Verification (2016–2019), characterized by 5G and immersive media demonstrations at the PyeongChang Olympics; (3) Virtual Expansion (2020–2022), wherein COVID-19 accelerated OTT adoption, Metaverse ecosystems, and NFT-based digital assets; and (4) Industrial Advancement (2023–2025), defined by AI institutionalization ― exemplified by the KBO’s Automated Ball-Strike System ― and transition to a subscription economy. The findings contribute to IS research by challenging the linearity of the DOI S-curve model, establishing media discourse as a social mechanism of technology diffusion, and proposing a generalizable DX phase framework for offline-centric industries. Practical implications address hybrid fan experience design, data governance, and public access policy.

본 연구는 행복의 변동 여부와 변동 양상의 차이를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 기존의 연구들이 행복의 평균적 변화에만 주목하여 행복을 고정된 특질 혹은 유동적 상태로 이분하여 보았던 것과 달리, 본 연구는 행복 변동 양상에서의 개인차 가능성을 고려하여, 행복의 변동이 개인에 따라 상이한 형태로 나타나는지 조사하였다. 이를 위해 3년에 걸쳐 수집된 대학생 종단 자료(N = 219)를 활용하여 행복 변화에 대한 잠재계층성장모형 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 행복 변화 유형에 따라 하위-증가형, 유지형, 그리고 감소형의 세 하위 집단이 확인되었다. 추가 로지스틱 분석 결과, 일부 인구 통계학 변인과 성격 특질 변인들이 행복 변화 유형을 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과들의 시사점 및 한계점에 대해 논하였다.

The current research aimed to explore whether and how happiness varied. While previous studies mainly focused on either the stability of happiness or the variability of happiness, we took into account the possibility that there might be differences in the patterns of variability in happiness and investigated whether happiness varied in different patterns among different people. To this end, we conducted a series of latent class growth modeling analyses with longitudinal data collected from undergraduates for three years (N = 219). The results showed that there were three different subgroups in terms of patterns of happiness change: increasing vs. stable vs. decreasing. Subsequently, the results of logistic regression analyses indicated that a few demographic variables (i.e., age and major) and Big Five traits (i.e., extroversion, emotional stability, and conscientiousness) could predict the patterns of happiness change. We discussed the implications and limitations of the current research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes of health-related quality of life trajectories in middle-aged women and investigate predictors for latent classes. Methods: This study utilized data from the 2nd, the 4th to the 7th Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families. The subjects included 1,351 women aged 40~45 years. The data was analyzed using latent class growth analysis and logistic regression. Results: Two trajectories were identified for health-related quality of life in middle-aged women; ‘persistently good’ and ‘increasing’ groups. Predictors for the ‘increasing’ group were lower economic status, higher depression, and lower perceived health status. Conclusion: This study showed that characteristics of the individual, symptom status, and health perceptions were associated with health-related quality of life in middle-aged women. It is necessary to provide effective intervention for latent classes of health-related quality of life trajectories based on physical, mental, and social factors.

종단연구는 동일 대상에 대하여 반복적으로 측정한 종단자료를 기반으로 하는 연구방법을 말한다. 대부분 의 종단분석 방법은 예측이나 추론에 적합하고, 탐색적 목적으로 사용하기에는 적합하지 않은 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 종단자료를 분석하는 탐색적 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법은 자기조직화지도기법을 사용하여 종단자료를 군집화 하여 최선의 군집 수를 정한 후 종단궤적을 찾는 방법이다. 제안한 방법론은 고용정보원의 종단자료에 적 용되었으며, 총 2,610개의 샘플에 대하여 분석을 하였다. 방법론을 적용한 결과 패널 별로 시계열적으로 군집 화 되는 결과를 얻었다. 이는 종단자료를 사전에 클러스터링하고 다층 종단분석을 하는 것이 더욱 효과적이라는 사실 을 나타낸다.

A longitudinal study refers to a research method based on longitudinal data repeatedly measured on the same object. Most of the longitudinal analysis methods are suitable for prediction or inference, and are often not suitable for use in exploratory study. In this study, an exploratory method to analyze longitudinal data is presented, which is to find the longitudinal trajectory after determining the best number of clusters by clustering longitudinal data using self-organizing map technique. The proposed methodology was applied to the longitudinal data of the Employment Information Service, and a total of 2,610 samples were analyzed. As a result of applying the methodology to the actual data applied, time-series clustering results were obtained for each panel. This indicates that it is more effective to cluster longitudinal data in advance and perform multilevel longitudinal analysis.

본 연구에서는 일본에서 일본어를 학습하는 중국인 일본어 학습자들의 발화 데이터를 종단적으로 관찰 및 분석하여 접속조사 ｢が･けど｣의 사용에 나타난 두 항목 간의 구별 전략이 어떠한 중간언어를 통해 나타나는지에 대하여 살펴보았 다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 중국인 학습자의 ｢が･けど｣의 습득은 ｢けど｣를 중심으로 이루어진다. (2) 중국인 학습자의 ｢が･けど｣의 습득은 전항에 접속하는 형식에 따라 다르게 이루어진다. (3) 중국인 학습자의 ｢が･けど｣의 습득은 발화문 내 위치에 따라 다르게 이루 어진다. (4) 중국인 학습자의 ｢が･けど｣의 습득은 발화의 의미 용법에 따라 다르게 이 루어진다. (5) 중국인 학습자와 한국인 학습자의 ｢が･けど｣의 습득 패턴에는 보편성과 개 별성이 나타난다.

In this study, we looked at and analyzed the firing data of Chinese Japanese learners learning Japanese in Japan, and looked at what intermediate languages the differentiation strategy between the two items shown in the use of the access survey “ga and cado” was through. The results are as follows. (1) The acquisition of “ga and kedo” by Chinese learners is centered on “kedo”. (2) The acquisition of “ga and kedo” by Chinese learners depends on the type of access to the preceding paragraph. (3) The acquisition of “ga and kedo” by Chinese learners depends on the location in the statement. (4) The acquisition of “ga and kedo” by Chinese learners depends on the meaning of the ignition. (5) The pattern of acquisition of “ga and kedo” by Chinese learners and Korean learners shows universality and individuality.

본 연구는 청소년의 비행과 자아존중감에 관한 관계모형을 검증하여 비행과 자아존중감의 관계에 대한 이해를 높이는데 그 목적이 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 낙인과 비행친구와의 교류라는 매개 변인을 모형에 포함시키고, 비행을 경비행, 중비행, 인터넷관련 비행으로 구분하고, 이론(낙인이론과 자아손상이론)에 근거한 모형을 제시하여 종단적 자료를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 조사대상을 3,449명의 한국청소년정책개발원 한국청소년패널조사 응답자였다. 그 중 본 연구에서는 중학교 2학년 학생의 1차년도부터 4차년도까지의 패널자료를 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 인터넷관련 비행, 경비행, 중비행, 자아존중감, 낙인, 비행또래집단과의 교류 등 관련 변인들 간 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 낙인이론과 자아손상이론에 의거하여 비행과 자아존중감의 관계에 관한 모형을 검증한 결과 모형은 적합한 것으로 나타났으나 비표준화계수들은 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 경우가 많았다. 셋째, 일차적 비행으로 경비행대신 인터넷관련 비행을 포함시킨 모형을 검증한 결과, 일차적 비행으로 경비행을 사용한 모형과 마찬가지로 적합도는 좋으나 비표준화계수가 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것들이 많았다.

The purpose of the present study was to improve the relationship between delinquency and self-esteem by evaluating the model about these two variables. The model includes light delinquency, heavy delinquency, internet-related delinquency, self-esteem, label, contact with delinquent peers. The subject were 3,449 youths from Korea Youth Panel Survey data of Korea Institute for Youth Development. The data were 1st year through 4th year of Korea Youth Panel Survey(middle school students only).The results were as follows. First, there were significant correlations among light delinquency, heavy delinquency, internet-related delinquency, self-esteem, label, contact with delinquent peers. Second, the model based on labelling theory and self-derogation theory turned out its fitness, but not unstandardized regression coefficients. Third,

본 연구는 중도장애인의 취업 결정요인을 알아보기 위하여 2010년부터 2014년까지 한국장애인고용공단에서 구축한 최근 5년간의 장애인고용패널조사(2014) 원자료를 활용하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 일반적 특성 및 장애관련 특성요인에서 중도장애인은 남성이고 연령이 젊고 배우자가 있으며, 취업관련 자격증이 있고 국민기초생활보장이 없으며, 주 장애 발생연령이 비교적 젊고 장애유형이 감각장애이며 장애등급이 경증일수록 취업결정에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리사회적인 특성요인에서는 현재 건강상태가 좋고 장애수용과 자존감이 높고, 구직활동에서 차별경험이 적고, 일상생활에서 타인의 도움이 필요하지 않을수록 취업결정에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중도장애인의 취업에 영향을 미치는 것으로 검증된 변인을 최근 5년간의 변화 상태를 종단적으로 분석한 결과 노후준비여부, 국민기초생활보장 탈피의향, 주관적 경제사회적 지위(SES)에서 매년 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 토대로 중도장애인의 취업의 가능성을 높여줄 수 있는 정책적ㆍ실천적 함의를 논의를 통하여 제시하였다.

This study uesd employing disabled people panel data of 5 years(2009-2013) established by KEAD(Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled) in order to investigate employment determining factor of people with acquired disabilities. Main results are as follow; First, the general and disability attributes - male, young, married, having certificate for employment, no national basic livelihood security system, earlier onset of disability, disturbance of sense, mild level of disability- positively influenced employment of people with acquired disabilities. Second, the psychosocial attributes - good health, higher disability acceptance and self-esteem, less discrimination experience of obtaining jobs, no need of others' help - positively influenced it. Third, critical factors, later life preparation, intent resigning from national basic livelihood security system and subjective socioeconomic status(SES), influencing employment of people with acquired disabilities have somewhat increased for 5 years. The policies and practices for enhancing employment of people with acquired disabilities were suggested. The limit and future tasks of this study were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 교육통계연보(2022)의 종단적 자료를 함수식을 이용하여 청소년들의 체격 변화를 알 아보는 것이다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 초등학교 1학년(6세살)에서 고등학교 3학년(17세)의 체격 지표를 시대별로 1그룹(1968년~1979년), 2그룹(1978년~1989년), 3그룹(1988년~1999년), 4그룹(1998년~2009 년), 5그룹(2008년~2019년)으로 총 5개의 그룹으로 나누어 청소년의 성장과정의 변화를 함수식을 이용하 여 수치화한 결과를 통하여 최대 발육연령(MPA)과 최대 발육속도(MPV)를 구하여 결과를 비교하여 분석 하였다. 이에 따른 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남학생 신장의 최대 발육속도가 가장 빠른 그룹은 4그룹(11.63세, 153.49cm, 7.09cm/v)이고, 가장 느린 그룹은 1그룹(13.28세, 151.02cm, 6.18cm/v)이며, 최대 발육속도 차이는 0.91cm/v로 나타났다. 둘째, 여학생 신장의 최대 발육속도가 가장 빠른 그룹은 4그룹(9.40세, 139.10cm, 6.74cm/v)이고, 가장 느린 그 룹은 2그룹(10.43세, 138.84cm, 6.18cm/v)이며, 최대 발육속도 차이는 0.56cm/v로 나타났다. 셋째, 남학생 체중의 최대 발육속도가 가장 빠른 그룹은 2그룹(13.60세, 46.80kg, 6.11kg/v)이고, 가장 느린 그룹은 3그 룹(12.82세, 48.84kg, 5.62kg/v)이며, 최대 발육속도 차이는 0.49kg/v로 나타났다. 넷째, 여학생 체중의 최대 발육속도가 가장 빠른 그룹은 3그룹(10.90세, 38.62kg, 5.16kg/v)이고, 가장 느린 그룹은 5그룹(10.10세, 39. 56kg, 4.65kg/v)이며, 최대 발육속도 차이는 0.51kg/v로 나타났다. 다섯째, 남학생 BMI의 최대 발육속도가 가장 빠른 그룹은 3그룹(9.12세, 16.88kg/m2, 0.93kg/m2/v)이고, 가장 느린 그룹은 5그룹(8.17세, 18.28kg/m2, 0.84kg/m2/v)이며, 최대 발육속도 차이는 0.09kg/m2/v로 나타났다. 여섯째, 여학생 BMI의 최대 발육속도가 가장 빠른 그룹은 2그룹(12.80세, 18.66kg/m2, 1.04kg/m2/v)이고, 가장 느린 그룹은 5그룹(9.50세, 18.37kg/m 2, 0.70kg/m2/v)이며, 최대 발육속도 차이는 0.34kg/m2/v로 나타났다.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in adolescents' physique using functional equations by utilizing longitudinal data from the Education Statistics Yearbook(2022) Methods Data processing for this study was done by modifying adolescents' physique (height, weight, BMI) growth data from the first grade of elementary school(6 years old) to the third grade of high school(17 years old) into longitudinal data to suit this study, and a total of 5 data were used. Divide into groups and use Origin Lab software to differentiate and fit functional equations suitable for the resulting values to determine Maximum Peak Age(MPA) and Maximum Peak Height(MPH), Maximum Peak Weight(MPW), Maximum Peak BMI(MPB), and Maximum Peak Velocity(MPV) were calculated and a growth curve graph was created, the significance level was set at .05 and presented as the explanatory power value. Results There was a significant difference in height changes between male and female adolescents from group 1 to group 5. In addition, it was found that there was a significant difference in weight change between groups 1 and 5 in both male and female adolescents. There was a significant difference in BMI changes between male and female adolescents from group 1 to group 5. Conclusions First, the group with the MPV rate of male students' height was group 4, the slowest group was group 1, and the MPV rate difference was 0.91 cm/v. Second, the group with the MPV rate of female students' height was group 4, the slowest group was group 2, and the MPV rate difference was 0.56 cm/v. Third, the group with the MPV rate of male body weight was group 2, and the group with the slowest was group 3, and the MPV rate difference was 0.49 kg/v. Fourth, the group with the MPV rate of female body weight was group 3, and the group with the slowest was group 5, and the difference in the MPV rate was 0.51 kg/v. Fifth, the group with the MPV rate of male BMI was group 3, the slowest group was group 5, and the maximum growth rate difference was 0.09 kg/m2/v. Sixth, the group with the MPV rate of female students' BMI was group 2, the slowest group was group 5, and the MPV rate difference was 0.34 kg/m2/v.

(목적) 고령화 사회로 진입하면서 노령인구가 급속하게 증가하고 있다. 노령인구가 증가하면서 노 인의 삶의 질에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 노인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 주는 요 인을 파악하는 것이 목적이다. (연구방법) 본 연구에서는 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 노인의 삶의 만족도 결정요인을 규명하기 위하여 고령화연구패널(Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging; KLoSA) 2006년도 공개용 연간 데이터 버전 1.1을 원 자료를 이용하였다. (연구결과) 노인 삶의 만족도 영향요 인을 건강, 경제력, 그리고 사회관계요인으로 구분하여 노인의 삶의 질과의 관계를 고령화패널 데이터 를 이용하여 실증적으로 검증하였다. 연구 결과 건강 요인 중에서 우울증, 치매, 그리고 친목모임에 참 여 등의 관계요인이 노인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. (결론) 본 연구에서는 노인 의 삶에 만족도에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 확인하였다. 따라서 장기적으로 노인인구도 안정적 인 소득 확보 및 경제활동을 유지할 수 있도록 실버산업 육성 및 변화의 필요성이 있음을 제시하였다.

(Purpose) As we enter an aging society, the elderly population is rapidly increasing. As the elderly population increases, interest in the quality of life of the elderly is increasing. There-fore, the purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting life satisfaction of the elderly. (Research Method) In this study, the original data for the yearly release version 1.1 of the public data for the 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) was used to identify the determinants of life satisfaction of the elderly using data mining techniques. (Research results) By dividing the influence factors of elderly life satisfaction into health, economic power, and social relationship factors, the relationship with the quality of life of the elderly was empirically verified using aging panel data. As a result of the study, it was found that relationship factors such as depression, dementia, and participation in social gathering among health factors influenced the satisfaction of life of the elderly. (Conclusion) In this study, various factors affecting the satisfaction of the elderly were identified. Therefore, it was suggested that there is a need to foster and change the silver industry so that the elderly population can secure stable income and maintain economic activities in the long term.

목적: 본 연구는 국내 초고령자를 대상으로 삶의 만족도 및 우울과 라이프스타일신( 체활동, 식습관, 참여빈도, 참여다양성) 간의 상관관계를 확인하고, 삶의 만족도와 우울에 영향을 미치는 라이프스타일 요인을 분석 및 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구의 독립변수는 라이프스타일 요인으로 신체활동, 규칙적 식습관, 참여빈도, 참여다양성이었으 며, 종속변인은 삶의 만족도와 우울이었다. 분석을 위해 SPSS를 이용해 상관관계분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 다중회귀분석을 통해 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 참여빈도(t = 6.262, p < 0.001)와 규칙적 식습관(t = 4.627, p < 0.001)이 통계적 유의성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었으며, 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 참여빈도(t = 6.540, p < 0.001)와 규칙적 식습관(t = 4.061, p < 0.001)이 통계적 유의성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 국내 초고령자의 삶의 만족도와 우울에 영향을 주는 라이프스타일 요인을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 토대로 초고령자의 삶의 만족도와 우울 개선을 위해서는 라이프스타일을 기반으로 하는 다면적 중재 프로그램이 필요하다.

Objective: This study examined the correlation between life satisfaction, depression, and lifestyle (physical activity, eating habits, participation frequency, and participation diversity) among the oldest-old in Korea, and analyzed lifestyle factors that affect life satisfaction and depression. Methods: The independent variables analyzed in this study were physical activity, regular eating habits, participation frequency, and participation diversity as lifestyle factors, and dependent variables were life satisfaction and depression. For analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed through SPSS. Results: As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was confirmed that participation frequency (t = 6.262, p < 0.001) and regular diet (t = 4.627, p < 0.001) had statistical significance as factors influencing life satisfaction, and depression was identified as a factor influencing participation frequency (t = 6.540, p < 0.001) and regular diet (t = 4.061, p < 0.001), which had statistical significance. Conclusion: This study identified lifestyle factors affecting life satisfaction and depression among the oldest-old in Korea. Therefore, based on the results of this study, a lifestyle-based multifaceted intervention program is needed to improve life satisfaction and depression in the oldest-old in Korea.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive function decline by socio-demographic and health-related characteristics (health behaviors and health status) using 5th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging panel data. Methods: The subjects were 4,440 community-dwelling people aged over 57 years. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, χ²-test, and binary logistic regression analysis using SPSS ver. 25.0. Results: The findings revealed that socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, area of residence, educational level, marital status, number of children, number of grand-children) and health-related characteristics (smoking, drinking, regular exercise, weight category by body mass index, hypertension and diabetes mellitus) were factors that influenced cognitive function decline (p<.05). Conclusions: Cognitive function decline was closely related to health behaviors and disease types. Future studies must examine related constructs to accurately determine these relationships among various populations. The present study could be used as a tool for the development and implementation of health promotion and prevention strategies.

목적 : 본 연구는 국내 노인을 대상으로 연령대별 남녀노인의 악력에 따라 일상생활활동에서의 수행과 여가활동 참여 에서 차이를 확인하고, 국내노인의 실태에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2020년 8월부터 동년 12월까지 수집된 고령화연구패널조사(KLoSA)의 8차 년도 조사 데이터를 기반으로 65세 이상의 노인 3,789명을 대상으로 하였다. 노인을 성별과 연령, 우세손과 비우세손에 따라 나누어 악력, 기본적 일상생활활동과 수단적 일상생활활동의 수행정도, 여가활동 참여 정도를 확인하고 각 변수에 대한 관련성에 대해 분석하였다. 노인의 악력에 따른 연속형 변인 분석은 독립 표본 t 검정을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 악력에 따른 일상생활활동의 차이에서 75세 이상은 남녀 모두 수단적 일상생활활동에서 유의한 차이가 나타났 다(p<.05). 75세 미만의 노인은 일상생활활동과 수단적 일상생활활동 모두 악력에 따라 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>.05). 악력에 따른 여가활동의 차이에서는 모든 연령의 남자와 75∼84세 여자 노인의 경우 여행, 관광, 나들이 경험 횟수에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, 75∼84세 남자와 65∼74세 여자 노인의 경우 영화, 공연, 음악회, 전시 회, 스포츠경기 등의 관람 횟수에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 75∼84세 여자 노인의 경우 취미 및 오락 관련 모임 또는 프로그램 참여 시간에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구에서 노인의 악력이 높을수록 일상생활활동과 여가활동 참여도 높게 나타났다. 그러므로 노인의 일상생 활활동 기능과 여가활동 참여를 높이기 위해 악력과 관련된 개입의 필요성을 확인하였고, 이를 위한 다양한 노력 및 후속연구가 필요할 것이다.

Objective : This study attempted to identify differences in performance in daily life activities and participation in leisure activities according to grip strength for the elderly by age and gender group in Korea, and to present basic data on the actual conditions of the elderly in Korea. Methods : Based on the 8th year survey data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) collected from August 2020 to December of the same year, 3,789 elderly people over 65 years of age were targeted. The elderly were divided by gender, age, dominant hand, and non-dominant hand to check the grip strength, the degree of performance of basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, and the degree of participation in leisure activities, and the relevance of each variable was analyzed. Continuous variable analysis by grip strength for the elderly was analyzed using an independent t-test. Results : In the difference in activities of daily living by the grip strength, there was a significant difference in instrumental activities of daily living of both men and women over the age of 75 (p<.05). The elderly under the age of 75 showed no significant difference by the grip strength in both activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (p>.05). In the difference in leisure by the grip strength, there was a significant difference in the number of travel, tourism, and outing experiences for men of all ages and women aged 75 to 84, and there was a significant difference in the viewing number of movies, performances, concerts, exhibitions, and sports games for men aged 75 to 84, and for women aged 65 to 74, there was a significant difference in the time to participate in hobbies and entertainment-related meetings or programs for women aged 75 to 84 (p<.05). Conclusion : Since the elderly with high grip strength were found to have high activities of daily living and leisure, efforts to improve grip strength are needed to improve the elderly's daily functions.

[목적] 본 연구는 2010년부터 2019년까지 총 10개년간 KLPGA 투어에 참가한 한국여자프로골프선수의 골프경기력을 종단분석하였다. [방법] 결과 도출을 위해 통계분석 및 시각화는 오픈소스 프로그램인 R로 수행하였으며, 선형회귀 모형의 적합에는 stats 패키지의 lm, 로지스틱 회귀분석에는 glm 패키지를 이용하고, 데이터 시각화에는 base 패키지 의 plot을 사용하였다. [결과] 도출된 결과는 한국여자프로골프선수의 상금에 영향을 미치는 경기력요인으로 파브레 이크율이며, 한국여자프로골프선수의 우승에 영향을 미치는 경기력요인은 그린적중률로 나타났으며, 향후에도 그린 적중율은 중요할 것으로 보인다. [결론] 한국여자프로골프선수는 정확한 세컨샷 훈련을 하여 그린적중률을 높이고 퍼팅수를 줄인다면 파세이브율도 높아져 경기력을 상향시키는 전략이 될 것이라 사료된다.

[Purpose] This study longitudinally analyzed the golf performance of KLPGA players who had participated KLPGA tour for 10 years from 2010 to 2019. [Method] open source program R had used for statistical analysis and visualization for the result. lm of stats package for a fitted linear regression model, and logistic regression analysis for glm package were used. Additionally, plot of the base package was used for data visualization. [Result] The results of statistical analysis was that the performance factor to affect the prize money for KLPGA players was par break rate. The performance factor to affect winning the first place for KLPGA players was green in regulation. In the future, the green in regulation will be important. [Conclusion] In conclusion, if KLPGA players focused on practicing accurate second shot to improve green in regulation and reduce putting average, it would improve both parsave rate and performance.

본 연구는 디지털미디어 서비스를 제공하는 플랫폼 사업자들의 콘텐츠 공급과 이용의 다양성을 장기간에 걸친 종단적 데이터로 측정하고 그 함의를 논의하기 위한 연구이다. 유료방송 사업자의 승인 및 재허가에 있어 방송의 공공 성, 공익성을 평가하는 항목으로 다양성 지표에 대한 측정시도가 있었으나 주로 횡단적인 공급측면의 다양성 측정 방법 론에 그치고 있다. 따라서 연구자는 본 연구를 통해 두가지 측면의 평가 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 첫째, 공급측면 이외 에 이용자의 실제 시청 데이터를 활용한 수요측면의 측정방법론, 둘째, 장기적인 다양성 추구의 변화 과정을 평가하는 종단평가 방법론을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 특정 플랫폼 사업자의 실제 공급, 수요 데이터를 확보하여 2012년 에서 2017년에 이르는 50여개월간의 종단적 다양성 추구 지표의 추세를 확인하였다. 이 연구를 통해 횡단적 평가와 공급중심의 평가의 한계를 넘어 보다 균형 잡힌 방송의 공공성, 공익성 평가 방법으로 공급과 수요측면 및 종단적 다양 성 평가가 새롭게 활용될 것으로 기대하는 바이다.

This paper deals with the longitudinal study on the supply & demand-side diversity of digital media service. The purpose of this study is to measure the diversity of contents supply and demand-side of digital media platform providers by longitudinal data and discuss the implication. In the approval and re-authorization of pay-TV broadcasters, there were attempts to measure diversity indicators as items to evaluate the publicness and public interest of broadcasting, but they are mainly limited to the method of measuring diversity in the short-term supply side. Thus researcher wants to confirm the evaluation of two aspects through this study. First, researcher proposes a demand-side measurement methodology that utilizes actual audience data from users, and second, a longitudinal evaluation methodology that evaluates long-term trends of diversity change. Researcher has secured the actual supply and demand data of the platform player and confirmed trends of longitudinal diversification indexing for 50 months from 2012 to 2017. Through this research, researcher expects that the supply and demand-side and the longitudinal diversity evaluation will be utilized in a balanced way of publicness and public interest evaluation of broadcasting.

본 연구는 초등학생의 자아존중감과 공동체의식간의 인과적 관계를 검증하는데 있다. 초등학생이 성장함에 따라 자아존중감과 공동체의식과의 변화정도와 관련성을 파악하기 위해 종단적인 자료를 이용하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동·청소 년패널조사(KCYPS)의 초1 패널 자료 중 5차, 6차 7차년도의 종단 자료를 활용하여 청소년의 자아존중감과 공동체의식 사이의 종단적 상호관계를 자기회귀교차지연모형(autoregressive crosslagged model)을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 자료 는 PSAW 18.0와 AMOS를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 총 1750명으로 남자가 903명(51.6%), 여자는 847명(48.4%) 이다. 초등학교 5학년, 초등학교 6학년, 중학교 1학년의 자아존중감의 평균은 3.29±.51, 3.19±.55, 그리고 3.15±.57이 었다. 공동체의식의 평균은 3.12±.52, 3.09±.59, 그리고 3.15±.55이었다. 자기회귀교차지연모형을 통한 분석결과 초등 학교 5학년부터 중학교 1학년까지 자아존중감과 공동체의식은 안정적으로 지속되었다. 또한 이전 시점의 자아존중감은 이후 시점의 공동체의식에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마찬가지로 이전시점의 공동체의식은 이후 시점의 자 아존중감에에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The study used cross-lagged path modeling to examine the longitudinal associations between self-esteem and community spirit among adolescents. This is a longitudinal study designed to examine the developmental changes of adolescents’ self-esteem and community spirit in Korea. This study used the data collected by the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) from 2014 through 2016. Participants were surveyed from the 5th grade to the 7th, which belonged to the 1st elementary school cohort panel of the KCYPS. To be used as the data of this study, children should have all information at 3-time points: the 5th grade; 6th grade; 7th grade. The collected data were analyzed with PSAW 18.0 and AMOS statistical program. The participants in this study were 903 males (51.6%) and 847 females (48.4%). The level of self-esteem was 3.29±.51, 3.19±.55, and 3.15±.57 point at 5th grade, 6th grade, and 7th grade each. The level of community spirit was 3.12±.52, 3.09±.59, 3.15±.55 point respectively. Community spirit from elementary school to middle school is consistently predicted by previous self-esteem. Likewise self-esteem has a significant predictive effect on subsequent community spirit.

Purpose: This study aimed to observe change in factors over time in the first cohort of the 2018 Children and Adolescent Panel Middle School. In addition, this study attempted to examine the causal relationship and influence between variables by setting a time gap between independent and dependent variables. Methods: Frequency and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the general characteristics of the study participants. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of smartphone dependence on health, sleep quality, and depression. After inputting the control variables (Model 2), the influence of the variables was identified based on the input model. Results: Smartphone dependence positively impacted depression in both male and female students and negatively impacted sleep and health. Conclusion: Smartphones are closely associated with teenagers’ lives. Additionally, as adolescents experience various psychological anxieties owing to rapid physical changes, there are concerns that psychological dependence may increase, considering that adolescence is the most emotionally unstable period. Therefore, the results of this study consistently prove that smartphone dependence has a causal relationship with emotion-related variables, such as emotional stress, depression, and anxiety.