Earticle

안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업은 조직의 안전보건 인식개선, 사업장 위험성평가, 산업재해 위험관리 매뉴얼과 절차 마련 등 기업의 안전보건 관리시스템 전반의 구축을 지원하여 산업재해를 예방하기 위해 고용노동부와 안전보건공단이 2022년부터 시작한 공공사업이다. 본 연구에서는 안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업을 통해 사업장에서 산업재해(업무상 사고사망) 감소 효과가 발생했는지 여부와 순 효과의 크기를 추정하였다. 2022년 사업에 참여한 3,053개 사업장(처치집단, treatment group)과 동질한 통제집단(control group)을 설정하기 위해 성향점수매칭(propensity score matching, PSM) 방법을 적용하고, 이중차분(difference-in-difference, DiD) 모형 추정과 평행추세 검정(parallel trends test)을 수행하여 사업의 순 효과를 추정한 결과, 안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업에 참여한 사업장의 사고사망만인율(‱)이 참여하지 않은 사업장들에 비해 약 0.8054‱p (18.54명) 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 공단이 직접 선정하여 지원한 사업장뿐만 아니라 자발적으로 신청하여 참여한 사업장 에서도 0.7782‱p 사고사망만인율 감소 효과가 나타났는데, 이는 안전보건관리체계구축 컨설팅 사업이 기업의 자율안전보건 노력을 유도하 여 산업재해를 감소시키려는 목적에도 부합하는 사업임을 의미한다. 또한 컨설팅에 참여한 사업장 중 고위험(high risk)으로 분류된 사업장에 서는 매우 유의한 사고사망만인율 감소 효과가 나타난 반면, 그렇지 않은 저위험(low risk) 사업장에서는 유의한 효과가 발생하지 않아 상대적 으로 위험도가 낮은 사업장에 대한 지원이 단기에 유의한 효과를 기대하기는 어렵다는 점을 밝혀냈다.

The Occupational Safety and Health System Support Consulting Program is a public initiative launched in 2022 by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The program aims to prevent occupational injuries by supporting workplaces in establishing comprehensive safety and health management systems. This includes improving organizational awareness of occupational safety and health, conducting workplace risk assessments, and developing manuals and procedures for managing occupational injury risks. This study estimates whether participation in the program led to a reduction in occupational fatalities and assesses the magnitude of the program's net effect. Using data from 3,053 workplaces that participated in the 2022 program (treatment group), a comparable control group was constructed through propensity score matching (PSM). A difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation and a parallel trends test were employed to measure the program’s net effect. The results indicate that the fatality rate per ten thousand workers (‱) in participating workplaces decreased by approximately 0.8054‱p, equivalent to 18.54 fewer cases, compared to non-participating workplaces. Notably, this effect was observed not only among workplaces selected and supported directly by the KOSHA but also among those that voluntarily applied to participate, with a reduction of 0.7782‱p. This suggests that the program successfully encourages voluntary corporate efforts toward safety and health management. Furthermore, a significant decrease in fatality rates was found among high-risk workplaces, whereas no statistically significant effect was observed in low-risk workplaces. This implies that in the short term, support for relatively low-risk workplaces may have limited effectiveness.

The introduction of the OHSMS(occupational health and safety management system) into the enterprise has been increased. But, to prevent accidents and take the value creation effectively, it is recommended that this system and the other management system based on business process should integrate. This paper deals with the present conditions and business values of OHSMS, KOSHA 2000, OHSAS 18001 and/or K-OHSMS 18001, which have introduced to Korea since 1997. By reviewing literature, we analyzed study trends in the development of quantitative and qualitative certification standards and the assessment methods of OHSMS. Also, we can summarize the field issues related to installment and operation of OHSMS : motivation, advantage, problems, obstacles, lessons, and revitalization. And then we can suggest issues of the integrated management system such as background, purpose, adoption view, and the integration types.

The purpuse of this study is to find factors on the recognition by people involved in occupational safety and health of KOSHA 18001, the need of KOSHA 18001 certification, and the compliance by each medical institution with KOSHA 18001 review standards to help medical institutions introduce and use OSHMS. There was a survey of people involved in occupational safety and health at 300 local general hospitals with 100 or more beds that were registered with the Korean Hospital Association in 2012. The survey included the recognition of KOSHA 18001, the need of certification and the compliance by medical institutions of the occupational safety and health. A total of 132 people responded, of which an analysis of 126 cases was conducted except 6 cases poor in information

The industrial accidents in the construction business have decreased on the basis of the accreditation of KOSHA 18001, one of the occupational health and safety management system. However, the interest and investment into the KOSHA 18001 has grown down because of the worsened construction business so that the construction companies that maintain the system as a mere formality has begun to be displayed. In this regard, this study performed the interview with the internal and external review board as well as the question investigation from the persons concerned in order to apprehend the current problems in the KOSHA 18001. First of all, the internal reviewers in the KOSHA are lack in the comparison with the number of new and renew accreditation. Secondly, many persons concerned with the KOSHA has required the quantitative criteria for the accreditation. Consequently, the manpower supplement associated with the external reviewers, the grading evaluation would be strong solutions to improve the effectiveness of KOSHA 18001.

Through this study we have reviewed the implementation model, certificate criteria and the formation of KOSHA 18001 Safety and Health Management System and have compared and examined with OHSAS 18001 Certificate. In the course of the 1st questionnaires which have been participated by the concerned Safety and Health Staffs(such as Project Mannager, Site Supervisior, Safety Engineers) of the local construction sites, actual condition of application for KOSHA 18001 has been scrutinized and examined. And as a result, we presented the improved model by digging out the problems. The improved model has been applied for about eight months in local construction sites and the effectiveness has been carefully compared and examined before and after the application of the improvement model through the 2nd questionnaires by the relevant staffs (such as Project Manager, Site Supervisor, Safety Engineer and Project Engineers of the Coordinated Sub-Contractors).

정부에서는 사망 등 중대재해 감축을 목적으로 각종 정책 및 제도를 시행하고 있음에도 건설업의 사망사고 발생은 전체 산업의 53%를 차지할 정도로 다발하고 있다. 이에 건설현장 사고 예방체계 구축의 중심인 KOSHA-MS의 효과적인 접근법을 찾고자 본 연구를 시작하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 S건설 20개 현장의 안전보건관리책임자 및 안전관리자 40명의 인터뷰와 선행연구 고찰을 통해 인적요인 4가지와 작업요인 2가지를 독립변수로 구성하였고, KOSHA-MS를 종속변수로 구성하였다. 건설현장 직원 및 근로자 총 151명을 대상으로 2023년 11월 1일부터 2023년 11월 15일까지 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 프로그램을 이용하여 통계분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과 설문 항목에 대한 타당도와 신뢰도는 양호한 것으로 확인되었으며, 인적요인에서는 안전보건관리책임자, 관리감독자, 안전보건관리자의 역할이, 작업요인에서는 위험작업이 KOSHA-MS에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 통하여 KOSHA-MS의 실질적이고 효과적인 운영을 위해서는 관리자의 역할과 위험작업의 관리가 중요하다는 것을 도출할 수 있었다.

Despite the implementation of diverse policies and systems by the government aimed at mitigating severe disasters such as deaths, the occurrence of fatal incidents within the construction industry remains alarmingly high, comprising 53% of the industry as a whole. Consequently, this research endeavor was undertaken with the aim of identifying an efficacious approach for KOSHA-MS(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency Management System), the pivotal component of the construction site accident prevention system, to enhance its efficacy and effectiveness. In this study, the independent variables were comprised of four human factors and two occupational factors. These variables were constructed based on interviews with forty safety and health management managers, as well as safety managers, from twenty construction sites operated by S Construction. A review of previous research was also conducted. The dependent variable, on the other hand, was the configuration of KOSHA-MS. A survey encompassing a total of 151 construction employees and workers was conducted between 1, November, 2023, and 21, November, 2023. The gathered data underwent statistical analysis utilizing the SPSS program. The study found that the survey items had good validity and reliability. Additionally, the roles of safety and health managers and management supervisors, were identified as significant human factors, while hazardous work was identified as a significant occupational factor impacting KOSHA-MS. The findings of this study indicate that effective managerial roles and the management of hazardous work take part in a crucial role in the practical and effective implementation of KOSHA-MS.

At the end of 2014, ordering organizations, 25 general contractors and 80 specialty contractors were certified by the KOSHA 18001 for the establishment of safety & health management system. However, safety management departments in the certified companies have been disrupted due to the financial difficulty and CEO's indifference, which has resulted in the cancellation of more than 30% of the certifications. Furthermore, the KOSHA 18001 due to the shortage of internal evaluators in KOSHA and the increase of applications for new certification & the extension of the certification is placed in a difficult situation in the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the KOSHA 18001 by solutions such as introducing outside evaluators, which is the key point of this study. This study was performed through the questionnaire survey & the interviews with the construction companies, ordering organization and KOSHA 18001 specialists The content is centered on the introduction of external evaluators. As a result, the introduction of external evaluators is necessary through amending certification regulation because only internal evaluators cannot afford to process all the new application and the extension of existing certifications.

This study was conducted to assess exposure to musculoskeletal disorder(MSD) risk factors in hospital personnel who performed non-routinized work tasks. A tool ("PATH-KOSHA" version) was newly revised from PATH(Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling) method and uploaded into a personal digital assistant(PDA). The version was used, on a basis of direct-observation, to collect PATH data at the 2 hospital settings in different regions. Job analysis was performed to get various information (e.g., work and rest time, task type) as well. The data collected were visually checked for data cleaning and stored for future data analysis. A total of 1,992 PATH observations were made for 37 hospital workers. Exposure levels varied across 18 items of the MSD risk factors. The highest percent time spent on non-neutral postures was 53% for wrist deviation, followed by 47%(pinch grip), 35%(trunk posture), 23%(neck posture), and 20%(shoulder/arm posture). The highest percent time spent among hand activity level(HAL) variables was 55% for HAL-cat2 (HAL: 3.3 - <6.7). The percent time of items with respect to both loads with more than 5kg and contact stress was less than 4%. Vibration was not exposed in the study workers. Different aspects were discussed for findings. The study results showed that wrist deviation was highest in percent time spent on awkward posture while HAL-cat2 was highest in hand repetition. The study suggests that distal upper extremity posture and HAL should be primarily addressed and controlled in non-routinized work including the hospital settings.

최근들어 경쟁력 확보의 한 방안으로 철저한 안전관리를 통한 기업손실 및 생산성 방지 방안이 주목받고 있다. 또한 주계약자공동도급 등 협력사 선정을 비롯해 건설공사 PQ 가산점과 관련된 재해예방활동 평가의 지표로 활용하기 위해 안전보건경영시스템 인증 취득이 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. '안전보건경영시스템'은 재해예방과 기업손실 감소를 체계적으로 추진하기 위한 자율안전보건체계로서, 이 인증 취득을 통해 기업은 기업경영의 우수성을 객관적으로 평가받을 수 있으며 산업재해율을 현저히 낮출 수 있다. 우리나라의 경우 국내에서 통용되는 KOSHA18001과 국외에서 통용되는 OHSAS18001을 취득해 건설현장의 잠재적인 위험요소 및 안전사고 예방에 힘쓰고 있다. 지난호에 KOSHA18001의 전반적인 사항을 게재하였으나 OHSAS 인증을 취득한 회원사의 요청으로 이번호에는 안전보건경영시스템의 대표적인 두 인증에 대해 상호 비교해본다.

최근 몇 년간 지속된 국내 건설경기 침체로 설비건설업계는 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 또한 금년 1월 1일부터 기계설비공사의 겸업제한이 폐지되면서 일반건설사도 기계설비의 면허취득이 가능해지는 등 설비건설업계에 많은 변화가 일고 있다. 이처럼 개방과 불황의 파고를 넘기 위해서는 기업의 경쟁력 강화가 그 어느 때보다도 절실히 요구되고 있다. 기업은 신기술 신공법 개발 및 알뜰경영으로 경쟁력을 강화시키는 것도 중요하지만 전사적인 안전관리로 근로손실에 의한 생산성 저하, 재해보상금 지급 등 안전사고와 관련한 지출을 크게 줄이는 것도 경쟁력 강화의 한 요인으로 주목되고 있다. 최근들어 안전 보건 및 환경 등에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 건설업계는 기업경영의 우수성을 객관적으로 평가받을 수 있는 안전보건경영시스템 인증 취득이 늘어나고 있다. 더구나 설비건설업계의 숙원사업인 분리발주와 유사한 주계약자공동도급이 올해부터 기계설비공사에 적용되면서 일반건설업체도 기계설비건설업체와 공동도급을 받기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이럴 때 설비건설업체가 경쟁에서 우위를 선점할 수 있는 요건은 무엇일까? 기술력, 신뢰도 등 여러 가지 요인이 있겠지만 안전보건경영시스템 인증도 한 몫 할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 지난 2001년 안전보건경영시스템 인증이 도입된 이후 지난 3월 30일 현재 설비건설업계는 14개 업체가 인증을 취득했다. 본지는 지난 2006년 9월호에 건설업 안전보건경영시스템을 특집으로 소개한 바 있다. 최근들어 안전보건경영시스템에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 이에 대한 문의가 많아짐에 따라 이번 호에는 안전보건경영시스템에 대해 다시 한번 알아본다.

사업장의 자율적인 안전보건경영체제를 구축할 수 있도록 지원하기 위해 한국산업안전공단과 안전관리부가 주관이 되어 관련 교육과 기술지원을 실시하고 그 결과를 객관적으로 평가하여 일정기준 이상 도달되었을 때 ［건설업 KOSHA 2000 프로그램］ 인증을 획득하고 안전보건 경영체제를 지속적으로 유지하기 위해 사후 지원하도록 한 프로그램이다. 그 추진배경으로는 기존 안전보건 활동의 한계성, 재해율 절감의 한계성, 새로운 시스템 즉 자율적, 능동적 시스템의 도입 필요, 체계적, 합리적, 유기적인 관계 선상에서 관리 필요 등이다.(중략)

This commentary presents the regulatory backgrounds and development of the national proficiency testing (PT) scheme on asbestos analysis in the Republic of Korea. Since 2009, under the amended Occupational Safety and Health Act, the survey of asbestos in buildings and clearance test of asbestos removal works have been mandated to be carried out by the laboratories designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) in the Republic of Korea. To assess the performance of asbestos laboratories, a PT scheme on asbestos analysis was launched by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) on behalf of the MOEL in 2007. Participating laboratories are evaluated once a year for fiber counting and bulk asbestos analysis by phase contrast microscopy and polarized light microscopy, respectively. Currently, the number of laboratory enrollments is > 200, and the percentage of passed laboratories is > 90. The current status and several significant changes in operation, sample preparations, and statistics of assigning the reference values of the KOSHA PT scheme on asbestos analysis are presented. Critical retrospect based on the experiences of operating the KOSHA PT scheme suggests considerations for developing a new national PT scheme for asbestos analysis.