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As one of the centers of Javanese culture, Yogyakarta has a variety of artistic activities. Various activities have occurred for a few Centuries ago and have developed. Forms of development can be manifested in various types of art, especially in performing arts such as wayang kulit, wayang wong, classical dance, musical, literary arts, and western music orchestras. This article presents historical data on the existence of orchestral music groups in Java, especially in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this paper is to trace back the traces of the history of European musical activities that have occurred in Yogyakarta since the time of the Dutch East Indies to the Post-Independence 1950s. There are three play groups of Western music orchestras Discussed in this article related to the musical culture in Yogyakarta that existed in the past. The presence of the Western orchestra music group in Yogyakarta is one of the Successes of a process of dissemination of European music in Yogyakarta that has been going on for a long time before the independence of the Republic of Indonesia. Also, this was supported by the presence of foreign musicians who held concerts in the Indies as well as the role of private music teachers, music education institutions such as seminaries, and shops selling music instrument.

구글과 오라클의 저작권 침해 사건은 구글의 이용이 공정이용에 해 당한다고 결정함으로써 구글의 승리로 끝이 났다. 본 판결에 대하여 비록 강력한 반대의견이 존재하긴 하지만, 다음과 같은 이유로 공정이 용이 성립한다는 다수의견이 타당해 보인다. 먼저, 선언코드는 작동방 법이어서 제102조(b)에 의해 저작물성이 없고, 설령 있더라도 그 보호 범위가 매우 좁아 공정이용이 쉽게 적용될 수 있다. 또한, 선언코드의 창작성은 기술적 창작성에 해당하여 저작권법에서의 보호를 인정할 수도 없고, 이는 다른 표현이 많이 있는 경우에도 같다. 그리고 공정이용 은 저작권법의 목적에 따른 공익성 즉, 프로그래머들의 보호나 새로운 혁신적 도구의 제공 등을 고려하여 판단이 이루어져야 하는데, 다수의 견의 판단이 바로 이러한 공익성을 고려하여 이루어졌다. 공정이용 판 단의 이러한 방법들 즉, 저작물에 제102조(b)를 적용하여 저작물성을 판단하고, 기술적 창작성을 저작권 보호에서 제외하고, 공익성을 개별 적 요소에서 고려하는 것은 공정이용 판단에서 가장 큰 문제가 되는 예측불가능성과 불확실성을 감소시키는데도 큰 역할을 할 수 있을 것 이다. 그리고 이러한 공정이용 판단 기준과 방법들은 같은 법 조항을 가진 우리나라에도 많은 지침이 될 수 있을 것이며, 특히, 저작물성에 대한 보호의 제한과 공공적 요소의 고려는 우리 사례에 많은 참고가 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

The copyright infringement case between Google and Oracle ended with Google's victory by deciding that its use constitutes fair use. Although there are strong objections to this ruling, the majority view is valid for the following reasons: First of all, the declaration code is a method of operation, so it is not copyrightable by Article 102(b), and even if it can be protected, copyright protection is not achieved because protection range is very narrow, so fair use should be applied easily. Furthermore, the creativity of declaration code corresponds to technical creativity, and protection under copyright law cannot be recognized, even if there are many other expressions. In addition, fair use should be made in consideration of the public interest for the purposes of copyright law, i.e. the protection of programmers or the provision of new innovative tools. Applying these methods of fair use judgement to work, that is, article 102(b), excluding technical creativity from copyright protection, considering public interest as an individual factor would also play a major role in reducing unpredictability and uncertainty that is the biggest problem in fair use judgement. And these fair use criteria and methods could be a number of guidance for our country with the same provisions of the law, especially the restriction on protection of copyright and the consideration of public interests factors.

Peuyeum is a fermented cassava product from Indonesia. Peuyeum or cassava tapay is known as “Peuyeum Bandung,” whose name refers to a provincial capital in West Java, Java Island. Peuyeum is processed through fermentation and uses starter cultures in the form of yeast tapay. The word peuyeum comes from “meuyeum” or “memeram,” which in Sundanese?the native language of West Java?means an incubation. This is because the process to make it requires curing time for ripening. The cassava is peeled, cleaned, and boiled to soften the tissue, then the starter is added and incubated for a certain time. The skill of making peuyeum is a generational one, passed down so that this traditional food is still preserved, even though it has become the local specialty of West Java. Derivative products are now increasingly diverse, which are fried tapay, colenak (grilled peuyeum served with a mixture of brown sugar and coconut shavings), mixed fruit ice, peuyeum cake, and others. In fact, for all the abovementioned cuisines, it can be said that fermentation was applied in producing the various traditional food items. Philosophically, peuyeum represents societies, group solidarity, peace of mind, and language symbolism. Thus, this paper discusses the history, philosophy, process, and derivative products of peuyeum.

Rawon is a meat-based soup from the east of Java characterized by its black color due to the use of keluak seeds. Rawon is prepared through the boiling of meat with sauteed spices. The use of various spices resulted in a unique Rawon flavor liked by many. Rawon has existed for over a thousand years and is still very popular today. The delicious flavor of Rawon is not only loved by the local people of East Java but is also nationally recognized as one of Indonesia's traditional culinary icons and is internationally recognized as one of the best meat-based soups in the world. Rawon is usually served with rice, side dishes such as salted egg, and tempe, and various condiments such as mung bean sprouts, sambal, and kerupuk. Thus, Rawon not only satiates hunger but is also highly nutritious. Nasi Rawon or Rawon rice can be consumed for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Rawon originated as a royal dish; however, presently it can be found anywhere and is sold in many food stalls and restaurants. It manifests a philosophy that although the Indonesian archipelago consists of many different ethnic groups, a harmonious life can be attained when they unite and coexist. Furthermore, this dish contains the philosophy of “sugeng rawuh” as a greeting to guests; therefore, Rawon rice is commonly served at weddings and community events or activities. This paper discusses in more detail the history of Rawon (including its origin and philosophy), the nutritional aspects, the ingredients, the process of making Rawon, and the chemical reactions that take place in creating the delicious flavor of the dish. The discussion also addresses presentation and on what occasions Rawon is served.

The proposed idea is to give all the agricultural stakeholders secure storage. We must automate several processes utilizing brilliant codes to reduce risks and errors. The suggested schema applies Blockchain, source codes, and IoT on a farm network to enhance the analysis of agrarian datasets and tracking products to raise the productivity of agro-based supply chains. The application’s architecture will fix the faults found in earlier research. In the suggested method, sensors give us information about the environment. The Blockchain ledger stores our data in blocks. We create special agricultural automated codes in the treatment layer to automate task decisions.

The market is the main place for buying and selling alternative food ingredients and is rich in local wisdom. This study aims to explain the diversity of food plants and alternative foods that are traded in the Kranggan Mas traditional market, Bekasi, and their potential as healthy food ingredients. The research was conducted with an ethnobotanical approach with surveys, interviews and observations. Respondents in the study were all traders who traded alternative food ingredients. Qualitative analysis grouping plants based on benefits, families, and parts used. There were 143 species belonging 105 genera and 46 families of food plants that were traded at the Kranggan Mas traditional market. Most of the plants are used as vegetables (51 species), followed by fruit sources (45 species) and followed by cooking spices (38 species) and alternative food (12 species). A total 128 species have been cultivated and 10 species are wild. The availability of diversity of food plants in traditional markets has an impact on the preservation of traditional foods of the surrounding community, such as sayur asem (Betawi ethnicity), pecel (Javanese ethnicity), and lalab (Sundanese ethnicity). Supply and development of food, especially wild and semi-cultivated plants such as Dioscorea spp. and Artocarpus sp., need to be studied further so that preservation and healthy food can be improved.

Dioscoreaceae or yam is a family of tuber that comprises many members with variability in utilization and their intensity of consumption. This family has wide variability and is used not only as food but also for medical purposes due to their bioactive compounds. One of the Dioscoreaceae family is wild yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), rich in carbohydrates but has an obstacle of high cyanide level. Historically, along with cassava, wild yam is the staple food in some places in Indonesia. There is a long history of traditional detoxification methods of wild yam with slightly different steps among different places. The shifting of staple food to rice excludes wild yam consumption. One of the remaining products from wild yam is chips. Wild yam chips are a traditional snack that is also produced by traditional detoxification. This paper is aimed to review the scientific basis for each step in traditional wild yam chips processing to remove cyanogenic compounds. This review was based on the observations of traditional wild yam tuber chip processing and unstructured interview with the wild yam tuber chip maker at 6 locations in East Java, Indonesia. Relevant literature was used to explain the scientific basis of the detoxification methods based on the definite inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, the variability of processing methods was compared among different locations. In general, the steps of traditional detoxification during wild yam tuber chips processing are slicing the peeled wild yam tubers, mixing with the rubbing ash, pressing, drying, soaking, boiling/steaming, and sun drying. Slicing, rubbing, and pressing in chips processing is aimed to convert cyanogenic glycoside into acetone cyanohydrin. The alkaline pH due to ash rubbing makes spontaneous decomposition of acetone cyanohydrin into HCN. HCN is easily removed by dissolution and heating (drying and steaming/boiling). Thermal treatment also spontaneously decomposes cyanohydrin into free HCN. All of the cyanogenic compounds are water-soluble which soaking and washing are aimed to remove all compounds. Consecutive, complicated, and time-consuming processing completely removes cyanogenic compounds and produces safe wild yam tuber chips. The key finding of this review is the purpose of every step in wild yam tuber detoxification has a scientific basis to reduce cyanogenic compounds gradually. This process produces a very low cyanide level in the final product. In conclusion, traditional detoxication reduces cyanogenic compounds to a safe level.

Purpose: This study examined the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, comorbidities, and self-care quality among CAPD patients in Central Java, Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study included CAPD patients recruited from two tertiary referral hospitals in Central Java (Dr. Kariadi Hospital and Dr. Moewardi Hospital). Data were collected from April to May 2025, with a total sample of 72 patients. The study instruments comprised the Self-care Scale for Peritoneal Dialysis Patients, a knowledge questionnaire, the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and univariate logistic regression.Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of comorbidities was associated with significantly lower odds of good self-care quality (odds ratio [OR], 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01?0.18; <i>p</i><.001). Higher levels of knowledge (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.19?1.78; <i>p</i><.001), self-efficacy (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.14?1.42; <i>p</i><.001), and social support (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16?1.64; <i>p</i><.001) were significantly associated with better self-care quality. Sociodemographic factors showed no statistically significant associations with self-care quality (all <i>p</i>>.05).Conclusion: Among CAPD patients in Central Java, higher levels of knowledge, self-efficacy, and social support were associated with better self-care quality, whereas the presence of comorbidities was associated with factors hindering optimal self-care. Sociodemographic variables did not demonstrate clear associations with self-care quality, which may be partly attributable to limited statistical power in this sample.

Pindang is a popular traditional fsh product in Indonesia that has been produced for decades. Scombroid fsh such as tuna, mackerel, and scad, which have a naturally high level of histidine, are commonly used to make pindang. Hence, improper handling and processing can lead to the accumulation of histamine, potentially causing health issues. Due to uncertainty or limited availability of fresh fsh, many pindang producers use frozen fsh as an alternative raw material. Reports implicate pindang as a major causative agent of HFP outbreaks in Indonesia. However, detailed investigation on how histamine is formed during pindang processing needs to be updated based on current processing conditions. This study investigated the existing practices of pindang production in Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi District, West Java Province, Indonesia; evaluated potential critical control points (CCPs) of histamine production; and identifed strategies to improve the safety of pindang. Fresh Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and frozen Eastern Little tuna (Euthynnus sp.) were used as raw materials for pindang processing. Results showed that pindang made from fresh fsh generally had lower histamine levels compared to those made from frozen fsh. Improper handling, especially abusive temperatures and time delays during fsh thawing, was identifed as the main causes of histamine formation during pindang processing. Therefore, to reduce the risk of histamine formation, a temperature-controlled circulated thawing system could be used. This fnding can help pindang producers improve the safety of their products and ensure compliance with national and international food safety standards.

유니코드가 나오기 전까지는 프로그램용 이두문자의 사용이 불가피한 면이 있었다. 그러나 유니코드가 국 제표준으로 명실공이 자리 잡은 지금에도 한글 식별자의 사용을 피해야 한다고 주장하는 것은 세종 이후 지속적으 로 한글 사용을 천시하고 반대한 것과 비슷한 측면이 있다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터학과 학생들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 영어 식별자 사용을 선호하는 이유와 한글 식별 자를 사용한다고 할 때 영어 대문자의 기능을 대체할 표기법에 대한 선호도를 조사하였다. 그리고 영어 식별자 사용 의 대세론이 허망함에 대해 논의하고, 한글 식별자 사용을 위한 두 가지 명명법을 제안하였다. 소프트웨어 생산성 향상을 위해, 프로그래머의 작업 만족도 향상을 위해, 유지보수의 용이성을 위해 한글 식별자 사용이 조속히 보편화 될 필요가 있다.

The use of ‘Idumunja’ for programs is inevitable before Unicode came out. However, even now that Unicode has been established as an international standard in both name and reality, there has been an insistence that the use of Hangeul identifiers should be avoided. This study surveyed the students for the reasons why they prefer to use English identifiers and for the notations that can substitute the function of English capital letters in using Hangeul identifiers. Then, we discussed the vanity of argument that the use of English identifiers is a global trend, and proposed two notations for the use of Korean identifiers. In order to improve the productivity of software, programmer's job satisfaction, and the ease of maintenance, the use of Hangeul identifiers should become rapidly common.

공개키 방식으로 가장 널리 사용되는 알고리즘은 RSA이다. 본 연구는 SSL 통신 및 RSA를 이용한 사용자 인증을 통해 결제 등의 과정에서 사용자의 소중한 정보를 안전하게 보호할 수 있는 안전한 사이버거래 구축방안을 제시한다. SSL은 전자서명 기술을 기반으로 한 암호화 프로토콜이며 이 기술이 적용된 전자문서는 별도의 암호화 과정을 거쳐 상 대방에게 전달되므로 정보 송신자(웹브라우저에 정보를 입력하는 사용자)와 정보 수신자(해당 사이트의 웹서버 관리자) 외에는 그 내용을 해독할 수 없다. 따라서 전자문서가 전송되는 도중에 해커가 Sniffing을 시도한다고 해도 정보가 암호 화 되어 있기 때문에 그 내용을 절대로 파악할 수 없다. 본 연구는 인터넷 쇼핑몰에서의 사용자 인증’과 ‘SSL 통신’을 이용한 안전한 쇼핑몰 구축을 목표로 방법론을 제시한다.

RSA is the most widely used public key algorithms. Payment via the SSL communications, and user authentication using RSA secure shopping mall that can protect the user's valuable information in the process of building. SSL-based electronic signature technology and encryption protocols for this technology are electronic documents are delivered to the other party through a separate encryption process, the information sender to enter information on a web browser (user) and the recipient (the Web server of the site Manager), except you will not be able to decrypt the contents. Therefore, the information is encrypted during the transfer of electronic documents even if hackers trying to Sniffing because its contents can never understand. Of internet shopping mall in the user authentication 'and' Communications' SSL secure shopping mall built with the goal of the methodology are presented.

임베디드 시스템을 지원하는 JAVA API를 개발하면 임베디드 시스템을 개발자가 JAVA를 사용하므로써 코드의 재사용, 객체지향 개념의 시스템 개발들을 가능하게 한다. JAVA API를 구현하는데 있어 시스템에 의존적인 부분들이 존재하게 되는데, 이는 native 함수에서 구현한다. 본 논문에서는 리눅스 기반의 임베디드 시스템 디바이스를 제어하기 위한 JAVA API를 구현하는데 있어 플랫폼 독립적인 자바 부분과 의존적인 native 부분으로 나누어 설계 및 구현하였고, 임베디스 시스템 디바이스의 JAVA API를 통한 제어에 초점을 두었다

The implement of JAVA API for supporting the embedded system is capable of developing the object system with code reuse because the developer is able to use JAVA in the embedded system. The system dependant parts for implementing API are realized from a native function. In this paper, we devide JAVA API into the platform-independent JAVA part and platform- dependent native part for the implementation of JAVA API to manage the linux based embedded system devices, and focus on the control of the embedded system devices using JAVA API.