Earticle

This study examines the institutional status of semi-permanent makeup following the enactment of the Tattooist Act in 2025 and proposes directions for introducing a national qualification system. Semi-permanent makeup is an invasive cosmetic procedure involving pigment injection into the epidermal and dermal layers, carrying risks such as infection, allergic reactions, and pigment abnormalities. Despite its widespread acceptance as a beauty service, its legal and institutional framework remains unclear and continues to mainly rely on private certification systems. This study employed literature review, legal and policy analysis, and comparative analysis of related laws, judicial precedents, and domestic and international qualification systems. The findings show that the Tattooist Act establishes a dual regulatory structure separating medical invasive procedures from non-medical tattoo-related practices, thereby redefining the legal status of semi-permanent makeup. However, existing national beauty qualifications do not adequately reflect the competencies required for invasive cosmetic procedures. Accordingly, this study proposes a competency-based national qualification model integrating qualification standards, hygiene management, licensing, and continuing education to strengthen public health, consumer safety, and sustainable industry development.

本研究旨在探讨2025 年纹身师法颁布后半永久彩妆的制度定位并提出国家资格 制度的建设方向半永久彩妆是将色素注入表皮及真皮层的侵入性美容操作存在感染过 敏反应色素异常等风险尽管该技术作为美容服务形态已被广泛接受但其法律与制度体 系仍不清晰目前行业主要依赖民间资格体系本研究通过文献梳理法律政策分析相关 法令与判例研究国内外资格制度比较分析开展研究结果表明纹身师法确立了医疗 侵入行为与非医疗纹身行为分类规制的二元监管框架重新明确了半永久彩妆的法律地位 但现行国家美容职业资格未能充分覆盖侵入性美容操作所需的岗位胜任能力据此本研究 提出整合资格准入标准卫生管理规范执业执照核发继续教育体系的能力导向型国家资 格模型以期为保障公共卫生安全维护消费者权益推动产业可持续发展提供支撑.

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) after trauma and general orthopedic surgery is rare. A 74-year-old woman showed ascending paralysis symmetrically, dysarthria, dysphagia and areflexia on 14 days after minimally invasive endoscopic thermoannuloplasty on L4-5 level. Brain and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate no abnormal findings. The electrodiagnostic study showed prolonged distal motor, sensory latencies and F-wave latencies and reduced amplitude of compound muscle action potential in nerves of upper and lower extremities. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, total protein and IgG were increased. We diagnosed Guillain-Barre Syndrome based on clinical features, electrodiagnostic study and CSF examination and the patient improved symptoms after immunoglobulin injection and rehabilitation. Because the occurrence of GBS after minimally invasive procedure has not been reported, we report a case of GBS after minimally invasive procedure with literature review.

Objective: To consider the utility of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) support during percutaneous gastrostomy procedure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with severe respiratory insufficiency and weight loss.Method: Percutaneous gastrostomy was performed in 25 ALS patients with forced vital capacity (FVC) below 50% of predicted normal value. NIPPV was applied to all these patients during the procedure. To estimate the utility of NIPPV application during gasrtostomy tube placement, safety and procedure related complications were investigated. Results: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was performed successfully in 21/25 patients (84%). Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG) was performed to the rest. FVCP (predicted value of FVC) in seated position were 1,239.1 ml (32.1%) in PEG-successful group and 1,065.0 ml (26.8%) in PEG-failed group, respectively. All the patients tolerated the use of NIPPV successfully and there were no respiratory complications with the procedure. There were no major complications and procedure-related mortality in all the patients.Conclusion: NIPPV support during percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement could make the procedure possible in ALS patients with very low vital capacities.

Articular cartilage has very limited potential to spontaneously heal, because it lacks vessels and is isolated from systemic regulation. No treatment has repaired the defects with long-lasting hyaline cartilage. Recently, a regenerative medicine by a tissue-engineering technique for cartilage repair has been given much attention in the orthopaedic field. In 1994, Brittberg et al. introduced a new technology in which chondrocytes expanded in monolayer culture were transplanted into the cartilage defect of the knee. As a second generation of chondrocyte transplantation, we have been performing transplantation of tissue-engineered cartilage made ex vivo for the treatment of osteochondral defects of the joints since 1996. This signifies a concept shift from cell transplantation to tissue transplantation made ex vivo using tissue-engineering technique. We have reported good clinical results with this surgical treatment. However, extensive basic research is vital to achieve better clinical results with this tissue-engineering technique. I would like to describe our recent research using a minimally invasive tissue-engineering technique to promote cartilage regeneration.

Certain oral procedures require a sedated patient who is responsive to allow for the mouth opening and position change. Dexmedetomidine is a relatively selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, amnestic, and anesthetic-sparing effects. Large dose dexmedetomidine is suitable as a single agent for sedation and anxiolysis for plate removal in a patient with bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and Lefort 1 osteotomy with genioplasty.

본 연구는 입원한 신생아에게 시행되는 침습적 처치 시 보이는 통증 반응을 관찰하여 통증 사정 및 통증완화를 위한 간호중재 적용을 위한 기초자료로 활용하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구대상은 일 대학병원 신생아실에 입원한 신생아 97명이었다. 신생아에게 침습적 절차가 진행되는 동안 비디오카메라를 이용하여 통증 행동 반응을 촬영한 후, 비디오 판독을 통해 통증 행동 반응과 울음기간을 측정하였다. 신생아의 투약 및 침습적 절차 관련 특성 등을 질문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 자료는 일반적 특성, 투약 및 침습적 절차 관련 특성에 따른 울음기간과 통증 행동 반응을 t-test 및 ANOVA로 분석하였다. 침습적 절차시 신생아의 울음기간은 입원기간(F=10.62, p<.001), 출생후 기간(F=4.84, p=.010), 항생제 투약 경험(t=2.53, p=.02), 절차소요시간(F=3.41, p=.037)에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 침습적 절차시 신생아의 통증 행동반응은 입원기간(F=4.09, p=.02), 출생후 기간(F=4.83, p=.01), 재태기간(t=2.11, p=.038), 투약경험(t=2.60, p=.012), 절차시행시점(t=2.49, p=.02)에 따라서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 침습적 절차를 받는 신생아는 입원 기간과 출생 기간이 길수록, 그리고 혈액 검사나 경피적 중심정맥관 삽입, 척추 천자 등의 침습적 절차 경험이 있는 경우 통증 반응을 더 느끼고 있었다. 이는 적절히 관리되지 않은 통증 경험이 학습된 통증으로 강화되었기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 또한 수유 직전에 통증 반응을 더 느끼므로, 신생아의 통증 완화를 위해서는 수유 후에 침습적 절차를 시행해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to observe pain reactions of neonates during arterial puncture, venous puncture and heel puncture. The subjects were 97 neonates hospitalized at neonate room in a university hospital. Neonatal infant pain scale (Lawrence et al., 1993), and duration of crying were measured to assess pain reaction. The researcher recorded during procedure from stable state before invasive procedures to 3 minutes after the procedure by a video camera. There were significant differences in crying period according to hospitalization (F=10.62, p<.001), and age (F=4.84, p=.01), antibiotics medication (t=2.53, p=.02), feeding timing (t=4.94, p<.001). There were significant differences in pain reaction according to hospitalization period (F=4.09, p=.02), age (F=4.83, p=.01), feeding timing (t=3.92, p<.001), percutaneous central venous catheter insertion (t=2.4, p=.03), antibiotics medication (F=2.48, p=.02), type of needles (F=3.67, p=.03), lumbar puncture (t=2.08, p=.04). Neonates with longer hospitalization who experienced invasive procedures such as heel puncture, arterial puncture or venous puncture would sense higher pain reaction. Also any invasive procedures should applied after feeding based on the result showing higher pain reaction when it applied just before feeding.