Earticle

본 연구는 성격과 유교적 가치가 종교에 대한 내면적 가치갈등에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 하였다. 즉, 종교에 대하여 타인과의 갈등 및 집단 간의 갈등이 아니라 개인의 내면적 갈등에 초점을 두었다. 통일교인의 내면적 가치갈등에 대해 성격 5요인과 한국인이 인식하는 유교적 가 치의 영향을 알아보기 위해 다중회귀분석(Multiple Regression Analysis)을 실시하였다. 본 연 구는 2015년 1월에 서울시에 거주하는 10대에서 70대 사이의 통일교 신도 남자 64명, 여자 102명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 유교적 가치는 종교에 대한 내면적 가치 갈등에 부 (-)적 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 유교적 가치의 3가지 요인 중에서 대인관계 가치가 종교에 대한 내면 적 가치 갈등에 부(-)적 영향을 미침으로써 가치갈등을 감소시키는 역할을 하고 있다. 이에 반해 성격 5요인 모두 내면적 가치갈등에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이는 성격과 같은 개인의 특질보다 는 유교적 가치와 같이 후천적으로 습득한 사회적 가치가 더 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 또 본 연구를 통해 통일교에 대한 교인의 내면적 가치갈등 측정도구의 타당도를 확보한 것은 의미 가 있다고 할 것이다.

This study is to verify the influence of personality and Confucianism on internal conflict related to religious values. The Five Factor model was used to measure personality. The subjects are the believers of the unification church. The 166 cases of 64 males and 102 females were collected. The survey has been conducted on January in 2015. The reliability test through Cronbach's alpha and validity test through explanatory factor analysis were conducted. Multiple regression was conducted to test the impact of Five Factor model (Big-Five) and Confucianism on internal conflict related to religious values. The results revealed that Confucianism had a negative effect on internal conflict, whereas Big Five had not. In addition, the only value of human relation among three factors of Confucianism had an negative effect on internal conflict. This study had an implication in that the study was focused on the internal conflict related to religious values, not external conflict with the other religion.

교육은 인간의 합리적 이성계발을 강조하는 본래적 기능과 국가 및 사회의 현실적 문제를 교육을 통해 해결하려는 수단적 기능 사이의 모순을 내포해왔다. 정치․경제적으로 국가와 민족의 존폐가 최우선시 되는 시기, 교육목적은 어떠한 기능에 초점을 두어야 하는가의 문제는 해당 시기 교육사상을 이해할 수 있는 관건이 된다. 만약 역사적 현실을 반영하여 교육의 본래적 기능보다 수단적 기능이 강조되었다면, 교육목적이 원래의 취지대로 달성될 수 있는가는 많은 논의의 여지를 남긴다. 이러한 연구문제를 해결하기 위해 국가와 민족의 존폐가 사회적 이슈가 되었던 시대, 즉 한국근대교육 형성기에 설립된 대한자강회 교육론의 성격을 분석하였다. 연구결과 대한자강회의 교육이념이었던 대한제국정신, 조국정신, 한국정신, 대한정신 등의 개념은 대한제국의 독립을 위한 인재양성 보다는 일본제국주의에 대한 애국심교육과 일맥상통하였다. 일본 제국주의로 부터의 독립을 교육의 최우선 과제로 삼았던 대한자강회의 교육목적은 합리적 이성계발을 통한 인간해방이라는 교육의 내재적 가치 추구보다는 국가의 독립을 쟁취하기 위한 수단으로 교육을 바라보는 외재적 가치를 추구하였다. 결국 근대문명과 근대지식으로 국민을 계몽하려 했던 대한자강회의 교육구국론은 교육의 수단적 기능을 중시한 결과 본래의 취지와는 다른 결과로 일본제국주의의 식민지 침략을 기정사실화하는 토대를 제공할 수밖에 없었다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the instrumental value represented the educational theory of Daehan Jaganghoe, which was formed in the era of Korean Education modernization. In particular, it is to examine on which function the educational aims are focused during the dangerous situation whether the country and nation disappears or not. Furthermore, it is to research that if the educational aims focus on the function of means, how they would accomplish the orignal aims. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows : The educational aims of Daehan Jaganghoe showed the results pursuing the external values considering the education as a tool to achieve national independence rather than about pursuing the original values of the education which is a human liberty through the rational reason development for each individuals. The ideology of education is changed from "Korean imperial spirit", "Country spirit", "Korean spirit" and "National spirit" to the patriotic education for Japanese imperialists. Finally, the efforts of Daehan Jaganghoe that enlightens the people on modern civilization and modern knowledge provided the fact taken for granted the Japan's colonial imperialist aggression.

The use of iodine S values derived using the International Commission Radiological Protection (ICRP) phantoms may introduce significant bias in internal dosimetry for Koreans due to anatomical variability. In the current study, we produced an extensive dataset of Korean S values for selected five iodine radioisotopes (I-125, I-129, I131, I-133, and I-134) for use in radiation protection. To calculate S values, we implemented Monte Carlo simulations using the Mesh-type Reference Korean Phantoms (MRKPs), developed in a high-quality/fidelity mesh format. Noticeable differences were observed in S value comparisons between the Korean and ICRP reference phantoms with ratios (Korean/ICRP) widely ranging from 0.16 to 6.2. The majority of S value ratios were lower than the unity in Korean phantoms (interquartile range = 0.47-1.28; mean = 0.96; median = 0.69). The S values provided in the current study will be extensively utilized in iodine internal dosimetry for Koreans.

In this paper, we analyzed the operation of the ignition circuit for electronic arm and fire device(EAFD), and investigated the sensitive elements of the circuit system. For reliability analysis, the EAFD ignition circuit was modeled using the PSpice simulation tool, and the output results of the circuit were examined by changing the tolerance of each circuit element. Monte Carlo simulation was used by maintaining the values of the observed sensitive elements at ${\pm}10%$ of the original values and adjusting the values of the other components according to a random distribution. The histogram results of the output peak currents and pulse widths were represented by Weibull and Burr type XII function fittings in three cases(element values are +10 %, 0 %, -10 % of original). For the output peak currents, mean values were 1.0028, 1.0034, and 1.0050, where the variance values were calculated as 0.0398, 0.0396, and 0.0290 using the Weibull function fitting, respectively. For pulse widths, the mean values of 0.9475, 0.9907, and 1.0293 with the variance values of 0.0260, 0.0251, and 0.0238 were obtained using the Burr Type XII function fittings.

The issue of objectivity of legal values is a part of objectivity of general moral values. And this issue has been considered as a dispute about moral realism. Mackie argued anti-moral realism(error theory) through disagreement argument and queerness argument. Moral realist is against Mackie’s theory in that value property might not necessary induce moral conduct. Natural law theories conform with strong moral realism partly, but could not prove the reality of value property. Positive law theories could not prove the reality of value property, too. Internal realism asserts that idealized rational acceptability, that is, ideal coherence assures the objectivity of values. I think this theory to be best in the argument about objectivity of legal values.

There are three reasons to reconstruct the original sound values of Hellenistic Greek consonants according to linguistic levels. At the phonological level, we can trace the phonological rules based on the phonological process if we know the exact sound values of Hellenistic Greek. At the level of morphology, we can teach the derivational affix and inflectional affix in an easier way. At the level of syntax, we can understand syntactic rules according to phonological process and phonological rules. We can explain some irregular morphological and syntactic rules into regular morphological and syntactic rules on the basis of reconstructed original sound values. From the perspective of syntax, a good grammar is to reduce irregular grammatical rules. The grammarians of Hellenistic Greek have suggested their reconstructed sound values of Hellenistic Greek consonants. But they have not applied General Linguistics to reconstructing the sound values because General Linguistics as an academic subject did not begin at that time. It is also probable that some recent scholars, in a sense, did not accept nor understand the outcomes of General Linguistics fully. In relation to reconstruction of sound values, linguists have generally used internal reconstruction to reconstruct the original sound values of a language. It is persuasive to use the method of internal reconstruction to reconstruct the sound values of Hellenistic Greek consonants. According to the linguistic analysis of internal reconstruction, the original sound values of Hellenistic consonants can be explained as follows: σ alveolar fricative β bilabial voiced plosive δ alveolar voiced plosive γ palatal voiced plosive π bilabial unaspirated voiced plosive τ alveolar unaspirated voiced plosive κ palatal unaspirated voiced plosive φ bilabial aspirated voiceless plosive θ alveolar aspirated voiceless plosive χ palatal aspirated voiceless plosive ψ bilabial voiceless affricate ζ alveolar voiced affricate ξ palatal voiceless affricate μ bilabial nasal ν alveolar nasal λ palatal lateral ρ gutteral rolled

하나의 언어에서 자모의 음가를 재구(再構)하는 것은 아주 중요한일이다. 헬라어의 음가는 재구되어 신약학자들 사이에 사용되고 있지만, 헬라어도 언어들 중의 하나이기에 20세기 이후 비약적으로 발전한 일반 언어학에서 쌓아온 학문적 결과에 주목할 필요가 있다. 언어학에서는 내적 재구와 비교 재구를 통하여 고전어의 음가를 재구해왔다. 내적 재구의 자료가 많은 자음과는 달리, 모음의 음가 재구는 내적 자료가 많지 않아서 내적 재구만으로 제안하는 것은 쉽지않다. 그런 점에서 신약성경 헬라어 모음 재구에서는 비교 재구 방법도 함께 사용되어야 한다. 다른 언어와 비교할 수 있는 음역된 단어들을 중심으로 신약성경 헬라어의 모음 사각도에 대입할 경우 조음위치를 추정할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 학자들의 입장을비평적으로 살펴보면서 내적재구 뿐만 아니라 비교재구 방법을 사용하여 신약성경 헬라어의 기본 모음의 음가를 재구하고자 한다.

In general linguistics two methods have been used in reconstructing sound values of a language--internal reconstruction and comparative reconstruction. While the former is effective for reconstructing sound values of consonants, it turns out that we should complement it with the latter in identifying the sounds of the vowels of the New Testament Greek. I first compared the ways in which NT Greek vowels are transliterated in other languages and then placed the variants on the vowel rectangle. The sound values of the New Testament Greek vowels reconstructed from such processes are as follows: α is front, low, and unrounded. This is close to [?]. The length of a long vowel is articulated longer than that of a short vowel. ε is front, mid, and unrounded. This is close to a vowel like [?] which is front and high. And this is always a short vowel. η is front, mid, and unrounded. This is close to a vowel like [?] which is front and high. And this is always a long vowel. ι is front, mid, and unrounded. This is close to a vowel like [i]. The length of a long vowel is articulated longer than that of a short vowel. ο is back, mid, and rounded. This is close to a vowel like [?] which is back and low. And this is always a short vowel. ω is back, mid, and rounded. This is close to a vowel like [?] which is back and low. And this is always a long vowel. υ is front, high, and rounded. This is close to a vowel like [y] which is front and high. This is not a diphthong but a monophthong. The length of a long vowel is articulated longer than that of a short vowel.