Earticle

As a new media, Internet has thoroughly integrated communication technology， appears a inherent advantages in news communication. At the beginning of the technology in application, it shows a huge marketing space and potential development, and produced a strong shock to traditional media. Also it becomes a main information sources of the modern network media technology. Studies in this article, through an analysis of network media technology and the spread of news communication 's influence on its theory and practice, a solid network media has an increasingly important position in the field of news communication, in the late development, also itwill be effectively integrated and plays a more important role in the research.

互联网作为一种全新的媒体，充分整合了最新信息传播技术，因而具有与生俱来的新闻传播优 势，其技术在应用之初，即已崭露头角，显示出巨大的市场空间与发展前景，对传统媒体形成了巨大的冲击， 亦成为了现代网络传媒技术主要的信息源。本文通过研究分析网络传媒技术关于新闻传播以及其对其理论、 实践的影响作用，坚实网络传媒在新闻传播领域中具有举足轻重的地位，在后期发展中，将其有效整合，将有 更大的发挥与研究意义.

본 연구는 에니어그램을 활용한 가족치료 프로그램을 개발하여 임상현장에서 역기능적인 가족 구성원들에게 체계적인 개입방법을 통해 정서적 지원을 제공하고자 하는 상담원, 상담원을 양성하는 지도자, 자신의 불건강한 가족기능을 개선하고자 하는 사람들에게 보급하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한 역기능적인 가족 구성원들을 대상으로 에니어그램을 활용한 가족치료 프로그램을 개발․적용하여 기능적으로 상호작용 할 수 있도록 하는 것과 더불어 임상현장에서 역기능적인 가족구성원들을 돕고 있는 상담원들에게 체계적인 접근방법의 필요성을 제기하면서 본 연구가 시작되었다. 또한 과학적인 이론을 바탕으로 연구개발 된 가족치료 프로그램을 통하여 자존감이 향상되고, 더불어 효율적인 의사소통 기술을 습득하게 되어 일상생활 속에서 스트레스 상황에 적절하게 대처할 수 있는 능력배양으로 역기능적인 태도를 감소시키는데 긍정적인 결과를 얻게 된다는 임상경험의 토대가 깔려있기도 하다. 본 연구의 절차(요구분석, 계획수립 및 전문가 검토, 내용선정 및 구성, 프로그램 매뉴얼 초안 작성, 프로그램 확정)에 따라 에니어그램 가족치료 프로그램을 개발을 위한 시안 연구이다. 앞에서 제기된 필요성에 근거하여 역기능적인 가족구성원들과 현장상담원들의 내적성장을 위해 자신의 Self-Systemic 적 접근과 부부 및 가족구성원들간의 상호작용 패턴, 그리고 현존하는 자신의 뿌리를 이해하기 위한 원가족의 영향을 탐색하고 이해하여 수용하는 과정으로 내용을 구성하였다. 더 나아가서는 자신의 균형 잡힌 삶속에서 의미를 찾고 관계 속에서 통합된 행동패턴을 형성해 나아가는데 도움이 될 수 있는 내용을 구성요소로 선정하였다.

The newly developed program of the study will be a great help to counselors who, in a clinical site, would provide dysfunctional family with emotional supports through systematic intervention, educators who would foster the counselors and people who are willing to improve their unhealthy family functions. Besides that, the study began as not only did it propose measures to make the family members functionally interact with each other through the family therapy program with The Enneagram applied but also present the need of organized approach methods for the counselors who are helping the dysfunctional family in the clinical site. In addition, the study was also conducted based on a positive clinical experience which has proved that the dysfunctional family would improve their dignities as learning efficient communication skills through the family therapy program which was developed based on scientific theories. The study was carried out with a belief that the family therapy program helps the dysfunctional family properly cope with stressful situations in their daily lives which would, in return, reduce their dysfunctional attitude. The study is a tentative plan to develop The Enneagram family therapy program following procedures which are a demand analysis, establishment of a plan, experts’ reviews, selection and composition of contents, writing of a program manual draft and determination of a program. For the inner growth of the dysfunctional family and the counselors based on the need mentioned before, the study composed contents to search, understand and accept effects of an original family so that the dysfunctional family including wives and husbands can understand a personal self-systemic approach, interactive patterns and their current roots. By extension, the study selected the contents which would help the dysfunctional family find a meaning in their balanced lives and build up integrated behavioral patterns in relationships.

본 연구는 매사에 이기고 싶어 하는 아동의 부모-자녀 간 치료놀이 상호작용을 통해 아동의 심리와 행위의 변화를 이해하고자 한 현상학적 사례연구이다. 본 연구에서는 “늘 이기려 하고 고집이 세어 양육하기 힘들다”고 엄마에 의해 보고된 만 3세의 정상발달 아동을 중심으로 5개월 동안 치료놀이를 하였다. 절차는 다음과 같다. 치료놀이 시행 전 반구조화된 부모-자녀 상호작용 도구인 MIM을 통해 아동과 엄마의 상호작용을 관찰, 분석하였고 분석내용을 토대로 치료놀이를 수행하였다. 치료놀이 후에는 사후 MIM을 한 번 더 실행함으로 아동과 부모의 상호작용 변화를 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 치료놀이 과정에서 수집, 관찰된 자료는 맥락적으로 ‘심층기술’ 하였고 현상학적 실존체에 입각해 분석, 해석하였다. 그 결과, 엄마-아동 간 상호작용에 서 ‘함께 있음’과 ‘돌봄’에 대한 각자의 다른 의미화에 근거한 행위가 ‘이기고 싶음을 넘어 경쟁’으로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 경쟁을 완화시키는 것은 물질적, 시간적, 공간적, 관계적, 신체적 ‘위치-화’의 적절성과 관련됨을 발견할 수 있었다. 구체적으로 ‘전환적’ 물질성, ‘머무는’ 시간성, ‘안전한’ 공간성, ‘버티는’ 관계성, ‘소중한’ 신체성이었다. 이 실존체들이 어떻게 ‘위치-화’하느냐에 따라 실행적 개입 수준과 변화의 정도는 달랐다. 이 연구는 현상학적 상황에 입각해 이기고 싶어 하는 아동의 주도/ 경쟁적 모습이 선형적인 개념이 아니라 중층적이라는 것, 공동체적이어야 한다는 것, 현재 많이 발견되는 아동과 청소년의 경쟁적 행동에 대한 상심을 논의하고 이에 대한 실천 방향에의 함의를 제공했다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.

This study is a phenomenological case study intended to understand the competitive behaviors of children/adolescents. One 3-year-old girl who has been reported as “eager to winning all the time” by her parents was selected. Theraplay® and MIM have been conducted for them(parents-child) for 5 months. Data collected were thick described, analyzed, interpreted under phenomenological existential of lived things, lived time, lived relationships, lived space, lived body. The results of interaction change that had been showing competitive behavior of the child were below. The meanings of ‘Being-with’ and ‘Caring’ have been interpreted by themselves were so ‘different.' So interactions due to their separated meanings have been making ‘competitive behaviors/ eager to winning.' One more finding related to the less ‘competitive behaviors of the child’ was connected with ‘position-ing’ of existential. Concretely, There were ‘transformative’ living things, ‘staying’ lived time, ‘safe’ lived space, ‘holding’ lived relationship and ‘precious’ lived body. ‘Position-ing’ was so important factor of interaction change among children, parents, and therapists. Also, ‘competitive’ features were not 'linear' but 'multi-layer' related to ‘community'. This study may extend understandings on ‘competitive’ behaviors and interactions of children and adolescents as well as optimistic ways of those.

본 연구의 목적은 모아상호작용에 대한 개념 분석을 통하여 그 속성을 체계적으로 파악해봄으로써 모아상호작용 개념에 대한 조작적 정의를 내리고 추후 모아상호작용 개념에 대한 도구 개발의 기초 자료를 제공하기 위함이다. 본 연구 결과 밝혀진 모아상호작용 개념의 조작적 정의는 다음과 같다. ‘모아상호작용은 긍정적 또는 부정적 정서 교류 및 언어 표현이 나타나고 어머니, 아동, 양자적(dyadic) 행동이 나타나며, 민감성(sensitivity), 반응성(responsiveness), 그리고 아동발달 자극(child developmental stimulatoin)의 요소를 포함하는 상호 호혜적(reciprocal),목표 지향적 파트너십 과정(goal-oriented partnership process)이다.’본 연구 결과는 추후 도구 개발의 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이며, 모아상호작용 증진을 위한 간호중재 개발과 아동 발달 증진에 기여할 것이다. 첫째, 아동과 어머니의 의견과 생각이 반영된 대상자 중심 모아상호작용 측정 도구 개발 연구가 실시되어야 하며, 개발된 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도를 실시하여 임상에 근무하는 아동 간호사와 아동간호 연구가들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 도구 개발이 필요하다. 둘째, 아동과 어머니의 모아상호작용을 증진시킬 수 있는 간호중재 개발 및 적용 연구가 수행될 필요가 있으며, 이는 궁극적으로 모아상호작용 증진 및 아동 발달 증진에 기여할 것이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of Mother-Child Interaction (MCI). Methods: The concept analysis method described by Walker & Avant (2005) was used. Results: The attributes of MCI were as follows; 1) MCI involves positive or negative affective and verbal communication. 2) MCI involves mother, child, and dyadic activity. 3) MCI involves sensitivity,responsiveness, and child developmental stimulation. 4) MCI is reciprocal, goal-oriented partnership process. The antecedents of MCI are need for goal attainment, relationship, and child development (cognitive, physical, emotional, and social). The consequences of MCI are goal attainment, promotion of mother-child relationship, and promotion of child development. Conclusion: MCI is a reciprocal, goal-oriented partnership process and is an important concept in child development and health. Appropriate instruments to operationalize the concept need to be developed.

Purpose: This paper was conducted to validate the Korean version of the Peer Group Caring Interaction Scale (PGCIS-K) that measures caring behaviors as experienced by nursing students. Methods: Translation of the PGCIS-K was validated through forward-backward translation methods. Survey data were collected from 218 nursing students in a nursing school. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were evaluated. Internal consistency and the Guttman split-half coefficient were calculated to assess reliability. Results: The PGIS-K showed reliability except for 4 items (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.91$, Guttman split-half coefficient=.85), which were low (<.30) or negatively correlated with the total scale. A 12-item reduced form of the PGCIS-K was developed by item-analysis and construct validity evidence. Factor loading for the 12 items on 2 factors ranged from .47~.82, which explained 58.4% of the total variance. Two factors were named 'modeling and assistance (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.87$)' and 'communication and sharing (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.82$)'. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 2 factors with other measure. Conclusion: The findings suggest preliminary evidence that the 12-item PGCIS-K can be used to measure nursing students' peer group caring interactions in Korea. Additional studies are recommended to continue the psychometric evaluation of this scale. Also, it can be extended to measure graduate nursing students or staff nurses' peer group caring interaction.

본 연구는 사회불안을 측정하는 대표적인 척도인 사회적 상호작용 불안 척도와 사회공포증 척도 단축형(Social Interaction Anxiety & Social Phobia Scale-12, SIAPS-12)을 청소년용(SIAPS-12-A)으로 타당화하였다. 이를 위해 만 12세에서 18세 청소년 310명의 자료로 척도의 요인 구조, 수렴 및 변별 타당도, 내적 일치도를 확인하는 타당화 작업을 진행하였다. 그리고 만 15세에서 19세 청소년을 대상으로 진단 면담을 실시하여, 사회불안 집단으로 분류된 22명과 사회불안에 해당하지 않는 18명의 자료로 ROC 곡선 분석을 하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과, SIAPS-12-A가 성인용 SIAPS-12와 동일하게 사회적 상호작용 불안 척도 6문항과 사회공포증 척도 6문항으로 구성된 2요인 모형에 적합하였다. SIAPS-12-A는 사회불안을 측정하는 다른 척도들과 유의한 상관을 보였고, 우울/불안의 영향을 통제한 후에도 사회불안을 유의하게 설명하여 수렴 및 변별 타당도가 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로, SIAPS-12-A는 절단점이 22점일 때 민감도/특이도의 합이 최대가 되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 사회불안 척도를 청소년용으로 타당화했다는 점과 임상적 유용성을 위해 심각도 분류 기준을 제공하였다는 점에서 청소년 사회불안장애를 대상으로 하는 연구 및 임상 장면에 도움이 될 것으로 보인다.

In this study, we validated the short-form Korean version of the Social Interaction Anxiety and Social Phobia Scale (SIAPS-12) for Adolescents (SIAPS-12-A). This validation was conducted using a sample of 310 adolescents aged 12 to 18. Additionally, we conducted ROC curve analysis on data from 40 adolescents aged 15 to 19, which comprised indivdiuals with and without a diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), as determined by diagnostic interviews. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the SIAPS-12-A retains the same two-factor structure as the SIAPS-12. SIAPS-12-A exhibited strong convergent and discriminant validity. Lastly, the ROC curve analysis determined that the optimal cutoff score for the SIAPS-12-A is 22. This study successfully validated SIAPS-12 for adolescents and offers severity classification criteria for clinical utility. The SIAPS-12-A could be instrumental in both research and clinical practices addressing SAD among adolescents.

규칙 기반 Human–Robot Interaction(HRI)은 서비스 및 교육 로봇 환경에서 널리 활용되고 있으나, 실제 상호작용 과정에서는 반복 인사, 반응 지연, 의미 불일치와 같은 붕괴 현상이 빈번히 발생한다. 기존 연구는 이를 규칙 기반 접근의 일반적 한계로 진단해왔으나, 실제 서비스 맥락에서 붕괴가 어떠한 조건에서 발생하며 구조적으로 어떻게 설명될 수 있는지에 대한 경험적 분석은 충분하지 않았다. 본 연구는 Pepper–Choregraphe 기반 규칙형 HRI를 대상으로 20명의 참여자(총 144분 상호작용 데이터)를 관찰하여 29개의 붕괴 에피소드를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 붕괴는 네 가지 유형—규칙 반복 실행(31.0%), 질문–응답 흐름 단절(31.0%), 인식 노이즈로 인한 과잉 반응(17.2%), 사용자 맥락과의 의미 불일치(20.7%)—으로 나타났다. 붕괴는 사용자 행동의 변동성, 반응 지연, 인식 값의 불안정성, 맥락 누적 부족 등이 결합될 때 반복적으로 발생하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구는 규칙 기반 HRI의 붕괴를 개별 오류가 아닌 구조적 특성에서 비롯된 반복 패턴으로 해석하고, 멀티 에이전트 관점에서 그 원인을 설명한다. 이는 규칙 기반 HRI의 적용 범위와 한계를 보다 정밀하게 규정하고, 향후 안정화 메커니즘 및 적응형 HRI 설계를 위한 기초를 제공한다.

Rule-based Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) is widely utilized in service and educational robot environments; however, breakdowns such as repetitive greetings, response delays, and semantic mismatches frequently occur during actual interactions. While prior studies have diagnosed these as general limitations of rule-based approaches, empirical analyses of the specific conditions under which breakdowns arise in real service contexts and their structural explanations remain insufficient. This study observed 20 participants (144 minutes of interaction data) in a Pepper–Choregraphe-based rule-type HRI environment, analyzing 29 breakdown episodes. The results identified four breakdown types—repetitive rule execution (31.0%), question-response flow disruption (31.0%), over-reactive responses due to perceptual noise (17.2%), and semantic mismatch with user context (20.7%). Breakdowns recurred when factors including user behavior variability, response delays, perceptual instability, and context accumulation deficits combined. This study interprets rule-based HRI breakdowns not as isolated errors but as recurring patterns stemming from structural characteristics, explained through a multi-agent perspective. It precisely delineates the applicability and limitations of rule-based HRI, providing a foundation for future stabilization mechanisms and adaptive HRI designs.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is responsible for the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV core protein plays not only a structural role in the virion morphogenesis by encapsidating a virus RNA genome but also a non-structural role in HCV-induced pathogenesis by blocking innate immunity. Especially, it has been shown to regulate JAK-STAT signaling pathway through its direct interaction with Janus kinase (JAK) via its proline-rich JAK-binding motif ($^{79}{\underline{P}}GY{\underline{P}}WP^{84}$). However, little is known about the physiological significance of this HCV core-JAK association in the context of the virus life cycle. In order to gain an insight, a mutant HCV genome (J6/JFH1-79A82A) was constructed to express the mutant core with a defective JAK-binding motif ($^{79}{\underline{A}}GY{\underline{A}}WP^{84}$) using an HCV genotype 2a infectious clone (J6/JFH1). When this mutant HCV genome was introduced into hepatocarcinoma cells, it was found to be severely impaired in its ability to produce infectious viruses in spite of its robust RNA genome replication. Taken together, all these results suggest an essential requirement of HCV core-JAK protein interaction for efficient production of infectious viruses and the potential of using core-JAK blockers as a new anti-HCV therapy.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is caused by a systemic inflammation after porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. It was one of the most economically important pathogens affecting pig production worldwide before PCV2 vaccine was first introduced in 2006. After the development of a vaccine against PCV2a type, pig farms gradually restored enormous economic losses from PMWS. However, vaccine against PCV2a type could not be fully effective against several different PCV2 genotypes (PCV2b ? PCV2h). In addition, PCV2a vaccine itself could generate antigenic drift of PCV2 capsid. Therefore, PCV2 infection still threats pig industry worldwide. PCV2 infection was initially found in local tissues including reproductive, respiratory, and digestive tracks. However, PCV2 infection often leads to a systemic inflammation which can cause severe immunosuppression by depleting peripheral lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues. Subsequently, a secondary infection with other microorganisms can cause PMWS. Eleven putative open reading frames (ORFs) have been predicted to encode PCV2 genome. Among them, gene products of six ORFs from ORF1 to ORF6 have been identified and characterized to estimate its functional role during PCV2 infection. Acquiring knowledge about the specific interaction between each PCV2 ORF protein and host protein might be a key to develop preventive or therapeutic tools to control PCV2 infection. In this article, we reviewed current understanding of how each ORF of PCV2 manipulates host cell signaling related to immune suppression caused by PCV2.

When responding to numerals with left-right keypresses, performance is better for pairings of small numbers to left responses and large numbers to right responses than for the opposite pairings. Two accounts have been proposed to explain this Spatial Numerical Association of Response Code (SNARC) effect: the horizontal number line account which ascribes the SNARC effect to numbers coded as left or right and the polarity correspondence account which attributes it to the magnitude information being coded as a positive or negative polarity. This study examined whether the SNARC effect is due to the spatial correspondence between the number location on the number line and the response location, or to the correspondence between the polarity codes of the number magnitudes and response locations. When participants responded to the magnitude of an Arabic numeral presented at the left or right to fixation in Experiment 1, the SNARC effect was constant regardless of spatial correspondence between the stimulus and response locations. In contrast, when the numeral was presented above or below fixation in Experiment 2, the SNARC effect was smaller for the up-left/down-right pairings than for the up-right/down-left pairings. These results support a view that polarity correspondence contributes to the SNARC effect.

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between personality characteristics and mood in the selection of media content. Using meta-analysis, this study analyzed past studies regarding media content selection in television program. The results of this research showed that the preference of a given media content would depend on the viewer's mood, personality characteristics and the interaction between personality characteristics and mood states. The secondary data of television programs supported the association.

Pharmacokinetic interaction of chrysin, a flavone present in honey, propolis and herbs, with caffeine was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Because chrysin inhibited CYP1A-selective ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and methoxyresorufin O-demethylase activities in enriched rat liver microsomes, the pharmacokinetics of caffeine, a CYP 1A substrate, was studied following an intragastric administration with 100 mg/kg chrysin. In addition to the oral bioavailability of chrysin, its phase 2 metabolites, chrysin sulfate and chrysin glucuronide, were determined in rat plasma. As results, the pharmacokinetic parameters for caffeine and its three metabolites (i.e., paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline) were not changed following chrysin treatment in vivo, despite of its inhibitory effect on CYP 1A in vitro. The bioavailability of chrysin was found to be almost zero, because chrysin was rapidly metabolized to its sulfate and glucuronide conjugates in rats. Taken together, it was concluded that the little interaction of chrysin with caffeine might be resulted from the rapid metabolism of chrysin to its phase 2 metabolites which would not have inhibitory effects on CYP enzymes responsible for caffeine metabolism.

Experiments were carried out to determine the role of Raf-1 kinase in the development of drug resistance to paclitaxel in v-H-ras transformed NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (Ras-NIH 3T3). We established a multidrug-resistant cell line (Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr) from Ras-NIH 3T3 cells by stepwise increases in paclitaxel. Drug sensitivity assays indicated that the $IC_{50}$ value for drug-resistant Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells was more than 1 ${\mu}M$ paclitaxel, 10- or more-fold higher than for the parental Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the drug efflux pump a P-glycoprotein were highly expressed in Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells, while not being detectable in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. Additionally, verapamil, which appears to inhibit drug efflux by acting as a substrate for P-glycoprotein, completely reversed resistance to paclitaxel in Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cell line, indicating that resistance to paclitaxel is associated with overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene. Interestingly, Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells have higher basal Raf-1 activity compared to Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. Unexpectedly, however, the colocalization of Raf-1 and its negative regulator Spry2 was less observed in cytoplasm of Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells due to translocation of Spry2 around the nucleus in the perinuclear zone, implying that Raf-1 may be released from negative feedback inhibition by interacting with Spry2. We also showed that shRNA-mediated knockdown of Raf-1 caused a moderate increase in cell susceptibility to paclitaxel. Thus, the results presented here suggest that a Raf-1-dependent pathway plays an important role in the development of acquired drug-resistance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nisoldipine on the pharmacokinetics of repaglinide in rats. The effect of nisoldipine on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were evaluated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of repaglinide were also determined in rats after oral (0.5 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) and intravenous (0.2 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) administration of repaglinide to rats without or with nisoldipine (0.3 and 1.0 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). Nisoldipine inhibited CYP3A4 enzyme activity with a 50% inhibition concentration of 5.5 ${\mu}M$. In addition, nisoldipine significantly enhanced the cellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 in MCF-7/ADR cells overexpressing P-gp. Compared to the oral control group, nisoldipine significantly increased the $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ and the $C_{max}$ of repaglinide by 46.9% and 24.9%, respectively. Nisoldipine also increased the absolute bioavailability (A.B.) of repaglinide by 47.0% compared to the oral control group. Moreover, the relative bioavailability (R.B.) of repaglinide was 1.16- to 1.47-fold greater than that of the control group. Nisoldipine enhanced the oral bioavailability of repaglinide, which may be attributable to the inhibition of the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism in the small intestine and/or in the liver and to inhibition of P-gp in the small intestine rather than to reduction of renal elimination of repaglinide by nisoldipine. The increase in the oral bioavailability of repaglinide should be taken into consideration of potential drug interactions when co-administering repaglinide and nisoldipine.

안드로이드 플랫폼에서의 새로운 변종 악성코드가 기하급수적으로 증가함에 따라 보다 빠르고 능동적인 대 처방안이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 안드로이드 플랫폼에 High-Interaction 클라이언트 허니팟을 적용하였다. 시스템 적 용방안을 위하여 전체 흐름을 설계하고 각 세부모듈의 기능을 분석하여 안드로이드 플랫폼에 최적화 하였다. 제안하 는 시스템은 기존 PC 환경의 High-Interaction 클라이언트 허니팟의 장점을 모두 갖추고 있으며 관리 서버와 저장 서 버를 분리하여 보다 유연하고 확장된 형태로 설계되었다.

As the new variation malicious codes of android platform are drastically increasing, the preparation plan and response is needed. We proposed a high-interaction client honeypot that applied to the android platform. We designed flow for the system. Application plan and the function was analyze. Each detail module was optimized in the Android platform. The system is equipped with the advantage of the high-interaction client honeypot of PC environment. Because the management and storage server was separated it is more flexible and expanded.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ticlopidine on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol after oral or intravenous administration of carvedilol in rats. Carvedilol was administered orally (3 mg/kg) or intravenously (1 mg/kg) without or with oral administration of ticlopidine (4, 12 mg/kg) to rats. The effects of ticlopidine on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 activity were also evaluated. Ticlopidine inhibited CYP2C9 activity in a concentration-dependent manner with 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of $25.2\;{\mu}M$. In addition, ticlopidine could not significantly enhance the cellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MCF-7/ADR cells overexpressing P-gp. Compared with the control group (given carvedilol alone), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was significantly (12 mg/kg, p<0.05) increased by 14-41%, and the peak concentration ($C_{max}$) was significantly (12 mg/kg, p<0.05) increased by 10.7-73.3% in the presence of ticlopidine after oral administration of carvedilol. Consequently, the relative bioavailability (R.B.) of carvedilol was increased by 1.14- to 1.41-fold and the absolute bioavailability (A.B.) of carvedilol in the presence of ticlopidine was increased by 36.2-38.5%. Compared to the i.v. control, ticlopidine could not significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters of i.v. administered carvedilol. The enhanced oral bioavailability of carvedilol may result from inhibition of CYP2C9-mediated metabolism rather than P-gpmediated efflux of carvedilol in the intestinal and/or in liver and renal eliminatin of carvedilol by ticlopidine.

Based on Banach fixed point theorem, a method to calculate nonlinear superposition for three interacting Stokes' waves is proposed in this paper. A mathematical formulation for the nonlinear superposition in deep water and some numerical solutions were investigated. The authors carried out the numerical study with three progressive linear potentials of different wave numbers and succeeded in solving the nonlinear wave profiles of their three wave-interaction, that is, using only linear wave potentials, it was possible to realize the corresponding nonlinear interacting wave profiles through iteration of the method. The stability of the method for the three interacting Stokes' waves was analyzed. The calculation results, together with Fourier transform, revealed that the iteration made it possible to predict higher-order nonlinear frequencies for three Stokes' waves' interaction. The proposed method has a very fast convergence rate.

Exposed-type steel column bases are used widely in low-rise building construction. Numerous researchers have examined methods to identify their stiffness and strength, but those studies have heretofore been restricted to in-plane behaviors. This paper presents an experimental investigation of inelastic behaviors of square hollow section (SHS) steel column bases under biaxial bending. Two types of failure modes are considered : anchor bolt yielding and base plate yielding. Different pinching effects and interaction surfaces for biaxial bending are observed for these two modes during bi-directional quasi-static cyclic loading tests. Differences are elucidated using limit analyses based on a simple analytical model.